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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Eswatini
- English(1) A person born in or outside Eswatini before the commencement of this Constitution shall be a citizen of Eswatini by operation of law if at the birth of that person one of the parents was a citizen of Eswatini.… (Sec. 42)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishCubans may not be deprived of their citizenship, except for legally sanctioned causes.
The law establishes the procedure to be followed in order to formalize the loss or renouncement of citizenship as well as the authorities empowered to decide in these cases. (Art. 38) - SpanishLos cubanos no pueden ser privados de su ciudadanía, salvo por causas legalmente establecidas.
La ley establece el procedimiento a seguir para la formalización de la pérdida y renuncia de la ciudadanía y las autoridades facultadas para decidirlo. (Art. 38)
Citizenship and Nationality
Greece
- English…
3. All persons possessing the qualifications for citizenship as specified by law are Greek citizens. Withdrawal of Greek citizenship shall be permitted only in case of voluntary acquisition of another citizenship or of undertaking service contrary to national interests in a foreign country, under the conditions and procedures more specifically provided by law.
… (Art. 4) - Greek…
3. Έλληνες πολίτες είναι όσοι έχουν τα προσόντα που ορίζει ο νόμος. Eπιτρέπεται να αφαιρεθεί η ελληνική ιθαγένεια μόνο σε περίπτωση που κάποιος απέκτησε εκούσια άλλη ιθαγένεια ή που ανέλαβε σε ξένη χώρα υπηρεσία αντίθετη προς τα εθνικά συμφέροντα, με τις προϋποθέσεις και τη διαδικασία που προβλέπει ειδικότερα ο νόμος.
… ('Αρθρο 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malawi
- English1. Every person who, immediately before the appointed day, was a citizen of Malawi under any existing law shall continue to be a citizen of Malawi after the appointed day.
2. An Act of Parliament may make provision for the acquisition or loss of citizenship of Malawi by any person after the appointed day, but citizenship shall not be arbitrarily denied or deprived.
3. In this section, the expression—
a. “acquisition of citizenship” includes acquisition by birth, descent, marriage, registration, naturalization or any other means prescribed by an Act of Parliament; and
b. “loss of citizenship” includes loss by deprivation, renunciation or any other means prescribed by an Act of Parliament. (Sec. 47)
Citizenship and Nationality
Gambia
- English(1) Any person who has been ordinarily resident in The Gambia for a continuous period of not less than fifteen years and who satisfies the conditions set out in subsection (2) may apply, in such manner as may be prescribed by or under an Act of the National Assembly, to be naturalised as a citizen of The Gambia.
(2) The conditions referred to in subsection (1) are that the applicant—
(a) is of full age and capacity;
(b) is of good character;
(c) has clearly shown that, if naturalised, he or she intends to continue permanently to reside in The Gambia;
(d) is capable of supporting himself or herself and his or her dependants.
(3) The Minister shall give reasons for any refusal of an application made under this section.
(4) No person shall be naturalized until he or she has renounced any other citizenship he or she may have and taken an oath of allegiance to The Gambia. (Sec. 12)
Citizenship and Nationality
El Salvador
- EnglishThe status [calidad] of [a] naturalized Salvadoran is lost:
1) By residing for more than two consecutive years in the country of origin or by absence from the territory of the Republic for more than five consecutive years, unless in case of a permission granted in accordance with the law;
2) By executed sentence, in the cases determined by the law. Anyone who loses his nationality in this manner cannot recover it. (Art. 94) - SpanishLa calidad de salvadoreño naturalizado se pierde:
1º- Por residir más de dos años consecutivos en el país de origen o por ausencia del territorio de la República por más de cinco años consecutivos, salvo en caso de permiso otorgado conforme a la ley;
2º- Por sentencia ejecutoriada, en los casos que determine la ley. Quien pierda así la nacionalidad, no podrá recuperarla. (Art. 94)
Citizenship and Nationality
Monaco
- EnglishThe circumstances in which Monegasque nationality may be acquired are laid down by law. The circumstances in which a person who has acquired Monegasque nationality by naturalization may be deprived of it are laid down in the law.
Loss of Monegasque nationality in any other circumstance may occur only, as prescribed by law, further to the intentional acquisition of another nationality or of service unlawfully carried out in a foreign army. (Art. 18) - FrenchLa loi règle les modes d'acquisition de la nationalité. La loi règle les conditions dans lesquelles la nationalité acquise par naturalisation peut-être retirée.
La perte de la nationalité monégasque dans tous les autres cas ne peut être prévue par la loi qu'en raison de l'acquisition volontaire d'une autre nationalité ou du service illégitimement accompli dans une armée étrangère. (Art 18)
Citizenship and Nationality
Mozambique
- EnglishA person who is adopted fully by a Mozambican national acquires Mozambican nationality. (Art. 29)
- PortugueseO adoptado plenamente por nacional moçambicano adquire a nacionalidade moçambicana. (Art. 29)
Citizenship and Nationality
Kenya
- EnglishParliament shall enact legislation—
(a) prescribing procedures by which a person may become a citizen;
…
(e) prescribing procedures for revocation of citizenship;
…
(g) generally giving effect to the provisions of this Chapter.
… (Art. 18) - SwahiliBunge litatunga sheria—
(a) ikielezea taratibu ambazo kwazo mtu anaweza kuwa raia;
…
(e) ikielezea taratibu za kufuta uraia;
…
(g) kwa ujumla itakayotekeleza vifungu vya Sura hii.
… (Kifungu cha 18)
Citizenship and Nationality
Guyana
- EnglishAny person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, marries a person who is or becomes a citizen of Guyana shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner and taking such oath of allegiance as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of Guyana:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of Guyana under this article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Art. 45)