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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Qatar
- EnglishThe Qatari nationality and the rules governing it shall be prescribed by law, and the same shall have the similar power as that of the constitution. (Art. 41)
- Arabicالجنسيّة القطرية وأحكامها يحدّدها القانون، وتكون لتلك الأحكام صفة دستورية. (المادّة 41)
Citizenship and Nationality
Azerbaijan
- EnglishA person having political and legal relationship to the Republic of Azerbaijan as well as mutual rights and obligations is a citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan. A person born on the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan. A person whose one parent is a citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (Art. 52)
- AzerbaijaniAzərbaycan dövlətinə mənsub olan, onunla siyasi və hüquqi bağlılığı, habelə qarşılıqlı hüquq və vəzifələri olan şəxs Azərbaycan Respublikasının vətəndaşıdır. Azərbaycan Respublikasının ərazisində və ya Azərbaycan Respublikasının vətəndaşlarından doğulmuş şəxs Azərbaycan Respublikasının vətəndaşıdır. Valideynlərindən biri Azərbaycan Respublikasının vətəndaşı olan şəxs Azərbaycan Respublikasının vətəndaşıdır. (Maddə 52)
Citizenship and Nationality
India
- EnglishNotwithstanding anything in article 5, any person who or either of whose parents or any of whose grand-parents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted), and who is ordinarily residing in any country outside India as so defined shall be deemed to be a citizen of India if he has been registered as a citizen of India by the diplomatic or consular representative of India in the country where he is for the time being residing on an application made by him therefor to such diplomatic or consular representative, whether before or after the commencement of this Constitution, in the form and manner prescribed by the Government of the Dominion of India or the Government of India. (Art. 8)
- Hindiअनुच्छेद 5 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी, कोई व्यक्ति जो या जिसके माता या पिता में से कोई अथवा पितामह या पितामही या मातामह या मातामही में से कोई (मूल रूप में यथा अधिनियमित) भारत शासन अधिनियम, 1935 में परिभाषित भारत में जन्मा था जो और जो इस प्रकार परिभाषित भारत के बाहर किसी देश में मामूली तौर से निवास कर रहा है, भारत का नागरिक समझा जाएगा, यदि वह नागरिकता प्राप्ति के लिए भारत डोमिनियन की सरकार द्वारा या भारत सरकार द्वारा विहित प्रारूप में और रीति से अपने द्वारा उस देश में, जहां वह तत्समय निवास कर रहा है, भारत के राजनयिक या कौंसलीय प्रतिनिधि को इस संविधान के प्रारंभ से पहले या उसके पश्चात आवेदन किए जाने पर ऐसे राजनयिक या कौंसलीय प्रतिनिधि द्वारा भारत का नागरिक रजिस्ट्रीकृत कर लिया गया है। (अनुच्छेद 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
Georgia
- English1. The following shall fall within the exclusive competence of the supreme state authorities of Georgia:
a) legislation on … Georgian citizenship, … (Art. 7) - Georgian1. საქართველოს უმაღლეს სახელმწიფო ორგანოთა განსაკუთრებულ გამგებლობას მიეკუთვნება:
ა) კანონმდებლობა ... საქართველოს მოქალაქეობის, … (მუხლი 7)
Citizenship and Nationality
Turkmenistan
- EnglishTurkmenistan has its own citizenship. The citizenship shall be acquired, retained and lost in accordance with law.
Citizenship of another state shall not be recognized for the citizens of Turkmenistan.
No one shall be deprived of citizenship or the right to change citizenship. … (Art. 10) - RussianТуркменистан имеет своё гражданство. Гражданство приобретается, сохраняется и прекращается в соответствии с законом.
За гражданином Туркменистана не признаётся гражданство другого государства.
Никто не может быть лишён гражданства или права изменить гражданство. … (Статья 10) - TurkmenTürkmenistanyň öz raýatlygy bar. Raýatlyk kanuna laýyklykda edinilýär, saklanylýar we bes edilýär.
Türkmenistanyň raýatyna başga döwletiň raýatlygy ykrar edilmeýär.
Hiç kim raýatlygyndan ýa-da raýatlygyny üýtgetmek hukugyndan mahrum edilip bilinmez. … (10-nji madda)
Citizenship and Nationality
Myanmar
- EnglishCitizenship, naturalization and revocation of citizenship shall be as prescribed by law. (Sec. 346)
- Burmeseနိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်ခြင်း၊ နိုင်ငံသားပြုခြင်းနှင့် နိုင်ငံသားအဖြစ်မှရပ်စဲခြင်းတို့သည် ဥပဒေဖြင့် ပြဌာန်းသည့်အတိုင်း ဖြစ်စေရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၄၆)
Citizenship and Nationality
Sri Lanka
- English(1) There shall be one status of citizenship known as “the status of a citizen of Sri Lanka”.
(2) A citizen of Sri Lanka shall for all purposes be described only as a “citizen of Sri Lanka”, whether such person became entitled to citizenship by descent or by virtue of registration in accordance with the law relating to citizenship.
(3) No distinction shall be drawn between citizens of Sri Lanka for any purpose by reference to the mode of acquisition of such status, as to whether acquired by descent or by virtue of registration.
(4) No citizen of Sri Lanka shall be deprived of his status of a citizen of Sri Lanka, except under and by virtue of the provisions of sections 19, 20, 21 and 22 of the Citizenship Act:
Provided that the provisions of sections 23 and 24 of that Act shall also be applicable to a person who became entitled to the status of a citizen of Sri Lanka by virtue of registration under the provisions of section 11, 12 or 13 of that Act.
(5) Every person who immediately prior to the commencement of the Constitution was a citizen of Sri Lanka, whether by descent or by virtue of registration in accordance with any law relating to citizenship, shall be entitled to the status and to the rights of a citizen of Sri Lanka as provided in the preceding provisions of this Article.
(6) The provisions of all existing written laws relating to citizenship and all other existing written laws wherein reference is made to citizenship shall be read subject to the preceding provisions of this Article. (Art. 26) - Sinhala(1) "ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියකුගේ තත්ත්වය" යනුවෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලබන එකම පුරවැසි තත්ත්වයක් විය යුත්තේ ය.
(2) ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියකුට, පුරවැසිභාවය හිමි වූයේ පරම්පරාවෙන් වුව ද, පුරවැසිභාවය පිළිබඳ නීතියට අනුකූලව ලියාපදිංචිවීමෙන් වුව ද, ඒ තැනැත්තා සියලු කාර්ය සඳහා "ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියෙක්" යනුවෙන් පමණක් විස්තර කරනු ලබන්නේ ය.
(3) පුරවැසි තත්ත්වය අත්කර ගනු ලැබූ ආකාරය, එනම්, පරම්පරාවෙන් ද, නැතහොත් ලියාපදිංචි වීමෙන් ද යනු සලකා කවර වූ හෝ කාර්යයක් සඳහා ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියන් වෙසෙසා නොදැක්විය යුත්තේ ය.
(4) ශ්රී ලංකාවේ කිසිම පුරවැසියකුට පුරවැසියකු වශයෙන් ඔහුගේ තත්ත්වය පුරවැසි පනතේ 19 වැනි, 20 වැනි, 21 වැනි සහ 22 වැනි වගන්තිවල විධිවිධාන යටතේ සහ ඒ වගන්තිවල විධිවිධාන ප්රකාර මිස අහිමි නො කළ යුත්තේ ය:
එසේ වුව ද, පුරවැසි පනතේ 11 වැනි, 12 වැනි හෝ 13 වැනි වගන්තිවල විධිවිධාන යටතේ ලියාපදිංචි කරනු ලැබීමෙන් ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියකුගේ තත්ත්වයට හිමිකම් ලැබූ තැනැත්තකුට ඒ පනතේ 23 වැනි සහ 24 වැනි වගන්තිවල විධිවිධාන ද අදාළ වන්නේ ය.
(5) ආණ්ඩුක්රම ව්යවස්ථාව ක්රියාත්මකවීම ආරම්භ වන තෙක් පරම්පරාවෙන් නැතහොත් පුරවැසිභාවය පිළිබඳ යම් නීතියකට අනුකූලව ලියාපදිංචි වීමෙන් හෝ ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියකුව සිටි සෑම තැනැත්තකුට ම, මේ ව්යවස්ථාවේ මීට ඉහතින් ඇති විධිවිධානවලින් විධිවිධාන සලසා ඇති පරිදි ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියකුගේ තත්ත්වයට සහ ශ්රී ලංකා පුරවැසියකුගේ අයිතිවාසිකම්වලට හිමිකම් ලැඛෙන්නේ ය.
(6) පුරවැසිභාවය හා සම්බන්ධ සියලු පවත්නා ලිඛිත නීති සහ පුරවැසිභාවය ගැන සඳහන් කරන වෙනත් සියලු පවත්නා ලිඛිත නීති මේ ව්යවස්ථාවේ මීට ඉහතින් වූ විධිවිධානවලට යටත්ව තේරුම් ගත යුත්තේ ය. (26 වැනි වගන්තිය)
Citizenship and Nationality
Korea, Republic of
- English1. Nationality in the Republic of Korea shall be prescribed by law.
… (Art. 2) - Korean①대한민국의 국민이 되는 요건은 법률로 정한다.
... (제2조)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- EnglishSubject to Article 18, any person of or over the age of eighteen years who was born in the Federation before Merdeka Day is entitled, upon making application to the Federal Government, to be registered as a citizen if he satisfies the Federal Government—
(a) that he has resided in the Federation during the seven years immediately preceding the date of the application, for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than five years;
(b) that he intends to do so permanently;
(c) that he is of good character; and
(d) that he has an elementary knowledge of the Malay language. (Art. 16) - MalayTertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh mana-mana orang yang berumur lapan belas tahun atau lebih dan yang dilahirkan di Persekutuan sebelum Hari Merdeka, maka orang itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika dia memuaskan hati Kerajaan Persekutuan—
(a) bahawa dia telah bermastautin di Persekutuan dalam masa tujuh tahun sebaik sebelum tarikh permohonan itu, selama tempoh yang pada agregatnya berjumlah tidak kurang daripada lima tahun;
(b) bahawa dia berniat hendak berbuat demikian secara tetap;
(c) bahawa dia berkelakuan baik; dan
(d) bahawa dia mempunyai pengetahuan asas bahasa Melayu. (Perkara 16)
Citizenship and Nationality
Armenia
- English1. A child born to citizens of the Republic of Armenia shall be a citizen of the Republic of Armenia.
2. Every child whose one parent is a citizen of the Republic of Armenia shall have the right to acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia.
3. Armenians by ethnicity shall have the right to acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia from the moment of establishing residence in the Republic Armenia.
4. Armenians by ethnicity shall acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia through a simplified procedure stipulated by law.
5. A citizen of the Republic of Armenia may not be deprived of citizenship. A citizen of the Republic of Armenia may not be deprived of the right to change citizenship.
6. The procedure of exercising the rights stipulated by this Article, the other grounds of acquiring citizenship of the Republic of Armenia, and the grounds of termination shall be stipulated by law.
7. The rights stipulated by Part 2-4 and by the second sentence of Part 5 of this Article may be restricted only by law with the aim of protecting state security, preventing or solving crimes, as well as protecting other public interests.
8. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, while outside of the borders of the Republic of Armenia, shall be under the protection of the Republic of Armenia on the basis of international law. (Art. 47) - Armenian1. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիներից ծնված երեխան Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացի է:
2. Յուրաքանչյուր երեխա, որի ծնողներից մեկը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացի է, ունի Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիություն ձեռք բերելու իրավունք:
3. Ազգությամբ հայերը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում բնակություն հաստատելու պահից ունեն Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիություն ձեռք բերելու իրավունք:
4. Ազգությամբ հայերը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիությունը ձեռք են բերում օրենքով սահմանված պարզեցված կարգով:
5. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացին չի կարող զրկվել քաղաքացիությունից: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացին չի կարող զրկվել քաղաքացիությունը փոխելու իրավունքից:
6. Սույն հոդվածով սահմանված իրավունքների իրականացման կարգը, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիության ձեռքբերման այլ հիմքերը, ինչպես նաև դադարեցման հիմքերը սահմանվում են օրենքով:
7. Սույն հոդվածի 2-4-րդ մասերով, ինչպես նաև 5-րդ մասի 2-րդ նախադասությամբ սահմանված իրավունքները կարող են սահմանափակվել միայն օրենքով` պետական անվտանգության, հանցագործությունների կանխման կամ բացահայտման, ինչպես նաև այլ հանրային շահերի պաշտպանության նպատակով:
8. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիները Հայաստանի Հանրապետության սահմաններից դուրս, միջազգային իրավունքի հիման վրա, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության ներքո են: (Հոդված 47)