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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Qatar
- EnglishOwnership, capital and labour constitute the foundation of the social structure of the State; and the same are individual rights with a social function and which shall be regulated by the law. (Art. 26)
- Arabicالملكية ورأس المال والعمل مقوّمات أساسية لكيان الدولة الاجتماعي وهي جميعها حقوق فردية ذات وظيفة اجتماعية، ينظمها القانون. (المادّة 26)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cuba
- EnglishThe following are recognized as forms of property:
a. Socialist property of the entire population: in which the State acts as a representative and beneficiary of the people as property owner.
b. Cooperative property: that which is sustained through the collective labor of partner owners and through the effective exercise of the principles of cooperativism.
c. Property of political, social, and mass organizations: ownership that they exercise over their goods designed to fulfill their roles.
d. Private ownership: that which is exercised over specific means of production by natural or legal persons, Cubans or foreigners; with a complementary role in the economy.
e. Mixed property: that which is formed through the combination of two or more forms of ownership.
f. Institutional and associative property: that which these groups exercise over their goods for non-profit purposes.
g. Personal property: that which is exercised over one's belongings that, without constituting means of production, contribute to the satisfaction of the material and spiritual necessities of their owner.
All forms of ownership over means of production interact in similar ways; the State regulates and monitors the way in which they contribute to economic and social development.
The exercise and attainment of these forms of ownership are regulated by the law. (Art. 22) - SpanishSe reconocen como formas de propiedad, las siguientes:
a) socialista de todo el pueblo: en la que el Estado actúa en representación y beneficio de aquel como propietario;
b) cooperativa: la sustentada en el trabajo colectivo de sus socios propietarios y en el ejercicio efectivo de los principios del cooperativismo;
c) de las organizaciones políticas, de masas y sociales: la que ejercen estos sujetos sobre los bienes destinados al cumplimiento de sus fines;
d) privada: la que se ejerce sobre determinados medios de producción por personas naturales o jurídicas cubanas o extranjeras; con un papel complementario en la economía;
e) mixta: la formada por la combinación de dos o más formas de propiedad;
f) de instituciones y formas asociativas: la que ejercen estos sujetos sobre sus bienes para el cumplimiento de fines de carácter no lucrativo;
g) personal: la que se ejerce sobre los bienes que, sin constituir medios de producción, contribuyen a la satisfacción de las necesidades materiales y espirituales de su titular.
Todas las formas de propiedad sobre los medios de producción interactúan en similares condiciones; el Estado regula y controla el modo en que contribuyen al desarrollo económico y social.
La ley regula lo relativo al ejercicio y alcance de las formas de propiedad. (Art. 22)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Algeria
- English
The State is responsible for the security of persons and of assets. (Art. 28)
- Arabic
الدولة مسؤولة على أمن األشخاص والممتلكات. (المادة 28)
- French
L'Etat est responsable de la sécurité des personnes et des biens. (Art. 28)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Lesotho
- EnglishLesotho shall adopt policies which encourage its citizens to acquire property including land, houses, tools and equipment; and shall take such other economic measures as the State shall consider affordable. (Sec. 34)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Türkiye
- EnglishThe State shall take the necessary measures to maintain and develop efficient land cultivation, to prevent its loss through erosion, and to provide land to farmers with insufficient land of their own, or no land. For this purpose, the law may define the size of appropriate land units, according to different agricultural regions and types of farming. Provision of land to farmers with no or insufficient land shall not lead to a fall in production, or to the depletion of forests and other land and underground resources.
Lands distributed for this purpose shall neither be divided nor be transferred to others, except through inheritance, and shall be cultivated only by the farmers to whom the lands have been distributed, and their heirs. In the event of loss of these conditions, the principles relating to the recovery by the State of the land thus distributed shall be prescribed by law. (Art. 44) - TurkishDevlet, toprağın verimli olarak işletilmesini korumak ve geliştirmek, erozyonla kaybedilmesini önlemek ve topraksız olan veya yeter toprağı bulunmayan çiftçilikle uğraşan köylüye toprak sağlamak amacıyla gerekli tedbirleri alır. Kanun, bu amaçla, değişik tarım bölgeleri ve çeşitlerine göre toprağın genişliğini tespit edebilir. Topraksız olan veya yeter toprağı bulunmayan çiftçiye toprak sağlanması, üretimin düşürülmesi, ormanların küçülmesi ve diğer toprak ve yeraltı servetlerinin azalması sonucunu doğuramaz.
Bu amaçla dağıtılan topraklar bölünemez, miras hükümleri dışında başkalarına devredilemez ve ancak dağıtılan çiftçilerle mirasçıları tarafından işletilebilir. Bu şartların kaybı halinde, dağıtılan toprağın Devletçe geri alınmasına ilişkin esaslar kanunla düzenlenir. (Madde 44)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Guatemala
- EnglishThe lands of the cooperatives, [the] indigenous communities or any other forms of communal or collective possession of agrarian ownership, as well as the family patrimony and the people's housing, will enjoy special protection of the State, [and] of preferential credit and technical assistance, which may guarantee their possession and development, in order to assure an improved quality of life to all of the inhabitants.
The indigenous communities and others that hold lands that historically belong to them and which they have traditionally administered in special form, will maintain that system. (Art. 67) - SpanishLas tierras de las cooperativas, comunidades indígenas o cualesquiera otras formas de tenencia comunal o colectiva de propiedad agraria, así como el patrimonio familiar y vivienda popular, gozarán de protección especial del Estado, de asistencia crediticia y de técnica preferencial, que garanticen su posesión y desarrollo, a fin de asegurar a todos los habitantes una mejor calidad de vida.
Las comunidades indígenas y otras que tengan tierras que históricamente les pertenecen y que tradicionalmente han administrado en forma especial, mantendrán ese sistema. (Art. 67)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cameroon
- English…
(19) Ownership shall mean the right guaranteed to every person by law to use, enjoy and dispose of property.
… (Preamble) - French…
(19) La propriété est le droit d’user, de jouir et de disposer des biens garantis à chacun par la loi.
… (Préambule)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Mauritania
- EnglishThe right of property is guaranteed.
The right of inheritance is guaranteed.
… (Art. 15) - Arabicحقّ الملكية مضمون.
حق الإرث مضمون.
... (المادّة 15) - FrenchLe droit de propriété est garanti.
Le droit d'héritage est garanti.
… (Art. 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Belarus
- EnglishProperty may be state-owned or private.
The State shall grant equal rights to all to conduct economic and other activities, except for those prohibited by law, and guarantee equal protection and equal conditions for the development of all forms of ownership.
… (Art. 13) - BelarusianУласнасць можа быць дзяржаўнай і прыватнай.
Дзяржава надае ўсім роўныя правы для ажыццяўлення гаспадарчай і іншай дзейнасці, акрамя забароненай законам, і гарантуе роўную абарону і роўныя ўмовы для развіцця ўсіх форм уласнасці.
… (Артыкул 13) - RussianСобственность может быть государственной и частной.
Государство предоставляет всем равные права для осуществления хозяйственной и иной деятельности, кроме запрещенной законом, и гарантирует равную защиту и равные условия для развития всех форм собственности.
... (Статья 13)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Honduras
- EnglishIt is the duty of the state to adopt measures to protect the rights and interests of the indigenous communities in the country, especially of the lands and forests in which they are settled. (Art. 346)
- SpanishEs deber del Estado dictar medidas de protección de los derechos e intereses de las comunidades indígenas existentes en el país, especialmente de las tierras y bosques donde estuvieren asentadas. (Art. 346)