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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishEveryone shall be equal before the law. (Art. 28)
- ArmenianԲոլորը հավասար են օրենքի առջև: (Հոդված 28)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) For the purposes of this Act, the prohibited grounds of discrimination are—
(a) sex, which includes pregnancy and childbirth;
(b) marital status, which means being—
(i) single; or
(ii) married, in a civil union, or in a de facto relationship; or
(iii) the surviving spouse of a marriage or the surviving partner of a civil union or de facto relationship; or
(iv) separated from a spouse or civil union partner; or
(v) a party to a marriage or civil union that is now dissolved, or to a de facto relationship that is now ended:
(c) religious belief:
(d) ethical belief, which means the lack of a religious belief, whether in respect of a particular religion or religions or all religions:
(e) colour:
(f) race:
(g) ethnic or national origins, which includes nationality or citizenship:
(h) disability, which means—
(i) physical disability or impairment:
(ii) physical illness:
(iii) psychiatric illness:
(iv) intellectual or psychological disability or impairment:
(v) any other loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function:
(vi) reliance on a guide dog, wheelchair, or other remedial means:
(vii) the presence in the body of organisms capable of causing illness:
(i) age, which means,—
(i) for the purposes of sections 22 to 41 and section 70 and in relation to any different treatment based on age that occurs in the period beginning with 1 February 1994 and ending with the close of 31 January 1999, any age commencing with the age of 16 years and ending with the date on which persons of the age of the person whose age is in issue qualify for national superannuation under section 7 of the New Zealand Superannuation and Retirement Income Act 2001 (irrespective of whether or not the particular person qualifies for national superannuation at that age or any other age):
(ii) for the purposes of sections 22 to 41 and section 70 and in relation to any different treatment based on age that occurs on or after 1 February 1999, any age commencing with the age of 16 years:
(iii) for the purposes of any other provision of Part 2, any age commencing with the age of 16 years:
(j) political opinion, which includes the lack of a particular political opinion or any political opinion:
(k) employment status, which means—
(i) being unemployed; or
(ii) being a recipient of a benefit as defined in Schedule 2 of the Social Security Act 2018 or an entitlement under the Accident Compensation Act 2001:
(l) family status, which means—
(i) having the responsibility for part-time care or full-time care of children or other dependants; or
(ii) having no responsibility for the care of children or other dependants; or
(iii) being married to, or being in a civil union or de facto relationship with, a particular person; or
(iv) being a relative of a particular person:
(m) sexual orientation, which means a heterosexual, homosexual, lesbian, or bisexual orientation.
(2) Each of the grounds specified in subsection (1) is a prohibited ground of discrimination, for the purposes of this Act, if—
(a) it pertains to a person or to a relative or associate of a person; and
(b) it either—
(i) currently exists or has in the past existed; or
(ii) is suspected or assumed or believed to exist or to have existed by the person alleged to have discriminated. (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 21)13
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. In this Constitution, unless it is otherwise expressly provided or required by the context—
…
b. words importing the masculine gender include females and words in the singular include the plural and vice-versa.
… (Art. 186) - Greek1. Εν τω Συντάγματι, πλην εάν ορίζηται ρητώς άλλως ή εάν εκ της εν δεδομένη αλληλουχία χρήσεως όρου τινός προκύπτει άλλο τι –
…
(β) λέξεις δηλούσαι το αρσενικόν γένος συμπεριλαμβάνουσι το θηλυκόν γένος και λέξεις εις τον ενικόν αριθμόν συμπεριλαμβάνουσι τον πληθυντικόν και τανάπαλιν.
… (Αρθρον 186) - Turkish1. Bu Anayasada, ilgili metinde açıkça başka türlü belirtilmedikçe veya bu metin başka türlü gerektirmedikçe;
…
b. eril sözcükler dişil olanları ve tekil sözcükler çoğulları da ifade ederken dişil sözcükler eril olanları ve çoğul sözcükler tekil olanları da ifade eder.
... (Madde 186)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) All human beings are born free, and are all equal.
(2) Every person is entitled to recognition and respect for his dignity. (Art. 12)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishWomen and men shall have the same rights and duties in all areas of family, political, economic, social and cultural life. (Sec. 17)
- TetumFeto no mane iha direitu no obrigasaun hanesan iha moris família, kulturál, sosiál, ekonómiku no polítiku nia laran. (Art. 17)
- PortugueseA mulher e o homem têm os mesmos direitos e obrigações em todos os domínios da vida familiar, cultural, social, económica e política. (Art. 17)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
(1) In this section, discrimination refers to the treatment of different people in different ways wholly or mainly because of their different —
(a) races; or
(b) places of origin; or
(c) political opinions; or
(d) colours; or
(e) religious beliefs or lack of religious beliefs, or
(f) disability; or
(g) sex
in such a way that one such person is for some such reason given more favourable treatment or less favourable treatment than another such person.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Part, and in particular to —
(a) the succeeding provisions of this section; and
(b) section 29 (Protection of Tuvaluan values, etc.); and
(c) section 31 (disciplined forces of Tuvalu); and
(d) section 32 (foreign disciplined forces); and
(e) section 33 (hostile disciplined forces); and
(f) section 36 (restrictions on certain rights and freedoms during public emergencies),
no-one shall be treated in a discriminatory manner.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a law so far as it makes provision —
…
(d) in respect of-
(i) adoption: or
(ii) marriage; or
(iii) divorce; or
(iv) burial; or
(v) any other such matter, in accordance with the personal law, beliefs or customs of any person or group; or
(e) in relation to land; or
(f) by which any person or group may be given favourable treatment or unfavourable treatment which, having regard to the nature of the treatment and to any special circumstances of the person or group, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society having a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(4) Nothing in a law shall be considered to be inconsistent with subsection (2) to the extent that it makes provision for —
(a) standards or qualifications (not specifically related to any matter referred to in subsection (1)(a)-(e)) for appointment to any office or position in -
(i) a State Service; or
(ii) a disciplined force; or
(iii) the service of a local government or authority; or
(iv) a body corporate established by law for a public purpose, or the service of such a body; or
(b) localization within the meaning of section 142 (localization).
(5) Subsection (2) does not affect the exercise of any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance in a court of any proceedings that is vested in any person or authority by or under this Constitution or any other law.
(6) Nothing in or done under a law shall be considered to be inconsistent with subsection (2) to the extent that the law provides that any person may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by —
(a) section 21 (privacy of home and property); and
(b) section 23 (freedom of belief); and
(c) section 24 (freedom of expression); and
(d) section 25 (freedom of assembly and association); and
(e) section 26 (freedom of movement); and
(f) section 28 (other rights and freedoms),
to the extent authorized by that section.
(7) Subject to section 12(2) (which relates to harsh, oppressive or otherwise unlawful acts) and 15 (definition of “reasonably justifiable in a democratic society”) and to any other law, no act that —
(a) is in accordance with Tuvaluan custom; and
(b) is reasonable in the circumstances,
shall be considered to be inconsistent with subsection (2).
(8) Nothing in or done under a law shall be considered to be inconsistent with subsection (2)-
(a) if the law was in force in Tuvalu immediately before the date on which this Constitution took effect; or
(b) to the extent that the law repeals and re-enacts any provision that has been contained in a law in force in Tuvalu at all times since that date. (Sec. 27)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishAll Ivoirians are born and remain free and equal in rights.
No one may be privileged or discriminated against by reason of their race, their ethnicity, their clan, their tribe, their skin color, their sex, their region, their social origin, their religion or belief, their opinion, their fortune, their difference in culture or language, their social status or their physical or mental state. (Art. 4) - FrenchTous les Ivoiriens naissent et demeurent libres et égaux en droit.
Nul ne peut être privilégié ou discriminé en raison de sa race, de son ethnie, de son clan, de sa tribu, de sa couleur de peau, de son sexe, de sa région, de son origine sociale, de sa religion ou croyance, de son opinion, de sa fortune, de sa différence de culture ou de langue, de sasituation sociale ou de son état physique ou mental. (Art. 4)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. Subject to clauses (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
2. Subject to clauses (6), (7) and (8), no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
3. In this Article the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable, wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, sex, place of origin, marital status, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Clause (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
c. with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
d. for the application in the case of members of a particular race or tribe, of customary law with respect to any matter to the exclusion of any law with respect to that matter which is applicable in the case of other persons; or
e. whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in clause (3) may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
5. Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of clause (1) to the extent that it is shown that it makes reasonable provision with respect to qualifications for service as a public officer or as a member of a disciplined force or for the service of a local government authority or a body corporate established directly by any law.
6. Clause (2) shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorised to be done by any such provision or law as is referred to in clause (4) or (5).
7. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this Article to the extent that it is shown that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in clause (3) may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by Articles 17, 19, 20, 21 and 22, being such a restriction as is authorised by clause (2) of Article 17, clause (5) of Article 19, clause (2) of Article 20, clause (2) of Article 21 or clause (3) of Article 22, as the case may be.
8. Nothing in clause (2) shall affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law. (Art. 23)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English...
2. The Constitution recognizes the principles of equality, hierarchy, publicity of the judicial rules, non-retroactivity of the rules restricting individual rights or those that are unfavourable in their effect or sanction, juridical security, accountability of public institutions and prohibition of any kind of arbitrariness.
... (Art. 3) - Catalan...
2. La Constitució garanteix els principis de legalitat, de jerarquia, de publicitat de les normes jurídiques, de no retroactivitat de les disposicions restrictives de drets individuals o que comportin un efecte o estableixin una sanció desfavorables, de seguretat jurídica, de responsabilitat dels poders públics i d'interdicció de tota arbitrarietat.
... (Art. 3)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
Each Beninese has the duty of respect for and consideration of his fellow [man] without any discrimination and of maintaining with others relations that permit the safeguarding, the reinforcing, and the promotion of reciprocal respect, dialogue and tolerance with a view to peace and to national cohesion. (Art. 36)
- French
Chaque béninois a le devoir de respecter et de considérer son semblable sans discrimination aucune et d'entretenir avec les autres des relations qui permettent de sauvegarder, de renforcer et de promouvoir le respect, le dialogue et la tolérance réciproque en vue de la paix et de la cohésion nationale. (Art. 36)