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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Iraq
- EnglishFirst: Iraqi citizenship is a right for every Iraqi and is the basis of his nationality.
Second: Anyone who is born to an Iraqi father or to an Iraqi mother shall be considered an Iraqi. This shall be regulated by law.
Third:
A. An Iraqi citizen by birth may not have his citizenship withdrawn for any reason. Any person who had his citizenship withdrawn shall have the right to demand its reinstatement. This shall be regulated by a law.
B. Iraqi citizenship shall be withdrawn from naturalized citizens in cases regulated by law.
Fourth: An Iraqi may have multiple citizenships. Everyone who assumes a senior, security or sovereign position must abandon any other acquired citizenship. This shall be regulated by law.
Fifth: Iraqi citizenship shall not be granted for the purposes of the policy of population settlement that disrupts the demographic composition of Iraq.
Sixth: Citizenship provisions shall be regulated by law. The competent courts shall consider the suits arising from those provisions. (Art. 18) - Arabicأوّلاً:ـ الجنسية العراقية حقٌ لكل عراقي، وهي أساس مواطنته.
ثانياً :ـ يعد عراقياً كل من ولد لأبٍ عراقي أو لاُمٍ عراقية، وينظم ذلك بقانون.
ثالثاً :ـ
أ ـ يحظر إسقاط الجنسية العراقية عن العراقي بالولادة لأي سببٍ من الأسباب، ويحق لمن اسقطت عنه طلب استعادتها، وينظم ذلك بقانون.
ب ـ تسحب الجنسية العراقية من المتجنس بها في الحالات التي ينص عليها القانون.
رابعاً :ـ يجوز تعدد الجنسية للعراقي، وعلى من يتولى منصباً سيادياً أو امنياً رفيعاً، التخلي عن اية جنسيةٍ اخرى مكتسبة، وينظم ذلك بقانون.
خامساً:ـ لا تمنح الجنسية العراقية لأغراض سياسة التوطين السكاني المخل بالتركيبة السكانية في العراق.
سادساً :ـ تنظم أحكام الجنسية بقانونٍ، وينظر في الدعاوى الناشئة عنها من قبل المحاكم المختصّة. (المادة 18)
Citizenship and Nationality
Myanmar
- EnglishAll persons who have either one of the following qualifications are citizens of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar:
(a) person born of parents both of whom are nationals of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar;
(b) person who is already a citizen according to law on the day this Constitution comes into operation. (Sec. 345) - Burmeseအောက်ဖော်ပြပါအရည်အချင်းတစ်ရပ်ရပ်နှင့် ပြည့်စုံသူများသည် ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ နိုင်ငံသားများဖြစ်ကြသည် -
(က) ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ တိုင်းရင်းသားမိဘနှစ်ပါးမှ မွေးဖွားသူ၊
(ခ) ဤဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ အတည်ပြုပြဌာန်းသည့်နေ့တွင် ဥပဒေအရ နိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်သားဖြစ်ပြီးသူ။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၄၅)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this Part, the following persons are citizens by operation of law, that is to say:
(a) every person born before Malaysia Day who is a citizen of the Federation by virtue of the provisions contained in Part I of the Second Schedule; 3and
(b) every person born on or after Malaysia Day, and having any of the qualifications specified in Part II of the Second Schedule. (Art. 14) - Malay(1) Tertakluk kepada peruntukan Bahagian ini, orang yang berikut ialah warganegara melalui kuat kuasa undang-undang, iaitu:
(a) tiap-tiap orang yang lahir sebelum Hari Malaysia yang menjadi warganegara Persekutuan menurut kuasa peruntukan yang terkandung dalam Bahagian I Jadual Kedua; dan
(b) tiap-tiap orang yang lahir pada atau selepas Hari Malaysia dan mempunyai mana-mana kelayakan yang dinyatakan dalam Bahagian II Jadual Kedua. (Perkara 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahrain
- Englisha. Bahraini nationality shall be determined by law. A person inherently enjoying his Bahraini nationality cannot be stripped of his nationality except in case of treason, and such other cases as prescribed by law.
... (Art. 17) - Arabicأ - الجنسية البحرينية يحددها القانون، ولا يجوز إسقاطها عمّن يتمتّع بها إلا في حالة الخيانة العظمى، والأحوال الأخرى التي يحددها القانون.
... (المادّة 17)
Citizenship and Nationality
India
- EnglishNotwithstanding anything in article 5, a person who has migrated to the territory of India from the territory now included in Pakistan shall be deemed to be a citizen of India at the commencement of this Constitution if—
(a) he or either of his parents or any of his grand-parents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted);
… (Art. 6) - Hindiअनुच्छेद 5 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी, कोई व्यक्ति जिसने ऐसे राज्यक्षेत्र से जो इस समय पाकिस्तान के अंतर्गत है, भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र को प्रव्रजन किया है, इस संविधान के प्रारंभ पर भारत का नागरिक समझा जाएगा—
(क) यदि वह अथवा उसके माता या पिता में से कोई अथवा उसके पितामह या पितामही या मातामह या मातामही में से कोई (मूल रूप में यथा अधिनियमित) भारत शासन अधिनियम, 1935 में परिभाषित भारत में जन्मा था;
… (अनुच्छेद 6)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cambodia
- EnglishKhmer citizen shall not be deprived of his/her nationality, …
The acquisition of Khmer nationality shall be determined by law. (Art. 33) - Khmerប្រជាពលរដ្ឋខ្មែរ មិនអាចត្រូវបានដកសញ្ជាតិ។ ...
ការទទួលសញ្ជាតិខ្មែរត្រូវកំណត់ក្នុងច្បាប់។ (មាត្រា ៣៣)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bangladesh
- English(1) The citizenship of Bangladesh shall be determined and regulated by law.
(2) The people of Bangladesh shall be known as Bangalees as a nation and the citizens of Bangladesh shall be known as Bangladeshies. (Art. 6) - Bengali(১) বাংলাদেশের নাগরিকত্ব আইনের দ্বারা নির্ধারিত ও নিয়ন্ত্রিত হইবে।
(২) বাংলাদেশের জনগণ জাতি হিসাবে বাঙালী এবং নাগরিকগণ বাংলাদেশী বলিয়া পরিচিত হইবেন। (অনুচ্ছেদ ৬)
Citizenship and Nationality
Qatar
- EnglishThe Qatari nationality and the rules governing it shall be prescribed by law, and the same shall have the similar power as that of the constitution. (Art. 41)
- Arabicالجنسيّة القطرية وأحكامها يحدّدها القانون، وتكون لتلك الأحكام صفة دستورية. (المادّة 41)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English…
(4) If the Federal Government is satisfied that any woman who is a citizen by registration under Clause (1) of Article 15 has acquired the citizenship of any country outside the Federation by virtue of her marriage to a person who is not a citizen, the Federal Government may by order deprive her of her citizenship. (Art. 24) - Malay…
(4) Jika Kerajaan Persekutuan berpuas hati bahawa mana-mana perempuan yang menjadi warganegara melalui pendaftaran di bawah Fasal (1) Perkara 15 telah memperoleh kewarganegaraan mana-mana negara di luar Persekutuan oleh sebab perkahwinannya dengan seseorang yang bukan warganegara, maka Kerajaan Persekutuan boleh melalui perintah melucutkan kewarganegaraan perempuan itu. (Perkara 24)
Citizenship and Nationality
Philippines
- EnglishThe following are citizens of the Philippines:
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. (Art. IV, Sec. 1) - FilipinoAng sumusunod ay mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas:(1) Yaong mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas sa panahon ng pagkakapatibay ng Konstitusyong ito;
(2) Yaong ang mga ama o mga ina ay mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas;(3) Yaong mga isinilang bago sumapit ang Enero 17, 1973 na ang mga ina ay Pilipino, na pumili ng pagkamamamayang Pilipino pagsapit sa karampatang gulang; at
(4) Yaong mga naging mamamayan ayon sa batas. (Art. IV, Seksyon 1)