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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Costa Rica
- English[The following] are Costa Ricans by birth:
1. The child of [a] Costa Rican father or mother born in the territory of the Republic;
2. The child of [a] father or mother Costa Rican by birth, who are born abroad, and who are inscribed as such in the Civil Registry, by the will of the Costa Rican progenitor, while they are minors, or on their own until they turn twenty-five years old;
3. The child of foreign parents born in Costa Rica who are inscribed as Costa Ricans, by the will of either of their progenitors while they are minors, or on their own until they turn twenty-five years old;
4. The infant, of unknown [ignorados] parents, found in Costa Rica. (Art. 13) - SpanishSon costarricenses por nacimiento:
1) El hijo de padre o madre costarricense nacido en el territorio de la República;
2) El hijo de padre o madre costarricense por nacimiento, que nazca en el extranjero, y se inscriba como tal en el Registro Civil, por la voluntad del progenitor costarricense, mientras sea menor de edad, o por la propia hasta cumplir veinticinco años;
3) El hijo de padres extranjeros nacido en Costa Rica que se inscriba como costarricense, por voluntad de cualquiera de sus progenitores mientras sea menor de edad, o por la propia hasta cumplir veinticinco años;
4) El infante, de padres ignorados, encontrado en Costa Rica. (Art. 13)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belgium
- EnglishNaturalisation is granted by the federal legislative power. (Art. 9)
- DutchNaturalisatie wordt verleend door de federale wetgevende macht. (Art. 9)
- FrenchLa naturalisation est accordée par le pouvoir législatif fédéral. (Art. 9)
- GermanDie Einbürgerung wird von der föderalen gesetzgebenden Gewalt verliehen. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Eswatini
- English(1) A person may acquire citizenship by registration where that person satisfies the Board on the conditions set out in subsection (2), (3) or (4).(2) The conditions for registration of a person are that the person-(a) has been ordinarily and lawfully resident in Eswatini,(i) for a continuous period of at least twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for registration; and(ii) for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than five years during the seven years preceding the date of application for registration.(b) is of good character;(c) has an adequate knowledge of siSwati or English;(d) intends, in the event of citizenship being granted, to reside in Eswatini;(e) has adequate means for support whilst in Eswatini; and(f) has contributed and shall contribute to the development of the country.(3) A person who is ordinarily resident in Eswatini and has been so resident for a period of at least ten years and whose application is supported by a Chief after consultation with bandlancane or supported by three reputable citizens, may be registered as a citizen.(4) Citizenship by registration shall not be granted to any person under this section until that person has taken the oath or affirmation of allegiance in the Second Schedule or such other oath or affirmation as may be prescribed.(5) The person to whom citizenship is granted in terms of this section shall be a citizen from the date on which a certificate of registration as a citizen is granted.(6) In this section, “bandlancane” means a Chief’s council established in accordance with Eswatini law and custom. (Sec. 45)
Citizenship and Nationality
Dominican Republic
- EnglishThe following are Dominicans:
1. The sons and daughters of a Dominican mother or father;
2. Those who enjoyed Dominican nationality before the entry into effect of this Constitution;
3. People born in the national territory, with the exception of the sons and daughters of foreign members of diplomatic and consular legations, of foreigners that find themselves in transit or reside illegally in Dominican territory. All foreigners are considered people in transit as defined in Dominican laws.
4. Those born abroad to a Dominican mother or father, notwithstanding having acquired by the place of birth a nationality different from those of their parents. Once having reached the age of eighteen, they may demonstrate their desire, before the appropriate authority, to assume dual nationality or to renounce one of theirs;
5. Those who enter into marriage with a Dominican, as long as they choose the nationality of their spouses and fulfill the requirements established by law;
6. The direct descendants of Dominicans residing abroad;
7. Naturalized people, in accordance with the conditions and processes required by law.
… (Art. 18) - SpanishSon dominicanas y dominicanos:
1) Los hijos e hijas de madre o padre dominicanos;
2) Quienes gocen de la nacionalidad dominicana antes de la entrada en vigencia de esta Constitución;
3) Las personas nacidas en territorio nacional, con excepción de los hijos e hijas de extranjeros miembros de legaciones diplomáticas y consulares, de extranjeros que se hallen en tránsito o residan ilegalmente en territorio dominicano. Se considera persona en tránsito a toda extranjera o extranjero definido como tal en las leyes dominicanas;
4) Los nacidos en el extranjero, de padre o madre dominicanos, no obstante haber adquirido, por el lugar de nacimiento, una nacionalidad distinta a la de sus padres. Una vez alcanzada la edad de dieciocho años, podrán manifestar su voluntad, ante la autoridad competente, de asumir la doble nacionalidad o renunciar a una de ellas;
5) Quienes contraigan matrimonio con un dominicano o dominicana, siempre que opten por la nacionalidad de su cónyuge y cumplan con los requisitos establecidos por la ley;
6) Los descendientes directos de dominicanos residentes en el exterior;
7) Las personas naturalizadas, de conformidad con las condiciones y formalidades requeridas por la ley.
… (Art. 18)
Citizenship and Nationality
Iceland
- EnglishNo one may be deprived of Icelandic citizenship. Loss of citizenship may, however, be provided for by law, in the event a person accepts citizenship in another State. An alien can only be granted Icelandic citizenship according to law.
… (Art. 66) - IcelandicEngan má svipta íslenskum ríkisborgararétti. Með lögum má þó ákveða að maður missi þann rétt ef hann öðlast með samþykki sínu ríkisfang í öðru ríki. Útlendingi verðuraðeins veittur íslenskur ríkisborgararéttur samkvæmt lögum.
… (66. gr.)
Citizenship and Nationality
Gambia
- EnglishA citizen of The Gambia who loses his or her citizenship of The Gambia as a result of the acquisition or possession of the citizenship of some other country shall, on the renunciation of the citizenship of that other country, be entitled to be registered, or if he or she was formerly a citizen by birth or descent, to be officially recognised, as a citizen of The Gambia. (Sec. 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
Mauritius
- EnglishAny person who, after 11 March 1968, marries another person who is or becomes a citizen of Mauritius shall be entitled, up on making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Mauritius:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of Mauritius under this section shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Sec. 24)
Citizenship and Nationality
Grenada
- English…
(2) Any reference in this Chapter to the father of a person shall, in relation to a person born out of wedlock and not legitimated, be construed as a reference to the mother of that person.
… (Sec. 100)
Citizenship and Nationality
North Macedonia
- EnglishCitizens of the Republic of North Macedonia have citizenship of the Republic of North Macedonia. A citizen of the Republic of North Macedonia can not be deprived of citizenship, nor can he/she be expelled from the Republic of North Macedonia.
… Citizenship of the Republic of North Macedonia is regulated by law. (Art. 4)3 - MacedonianГраѓаните на Република Северна Македонија имаат државјанство на Република Северна Македонија. На државјанин на Република Северна Македонија не може да му биде одземено државјанството, ниту може да биде протеран од Република Северна Македонија.
… Државјанството на Република Северна Македонија се уредува со закон. (Член 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
Lesotho
- English1. Subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3), every person born in Lesotho after the coming into operation of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Lesotho.
2. Save as provided in subsection (3), a person shall not become a citizen of Lesotho by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth neither of his parents is a citizen of Lesotho, and—
a. one or both of his parents possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Lesotho; or
b. one or both of his parents is an enemy alien and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by the enemy.
3. A person born in Lesotho on or after the coming into operation of this Constitution who is disqualified to become a citizen of Lesotho by virtue of subsection (2) of this section shall become a citizen of Lesotho if he would otherwise become stateless. (Sec. 38)