SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 2929 RESULTS
Citizenship and Nationality
Colombia
- EnglishColombian nationals are:
1. By birth:
a. The natives [naturales] of Colombia, with one of two conditions: that the father or the mother have been natives or Colombian nationals or that, being children of aliens, any of their parents should have been domiciled in the Republic at the moment of birth.
b. The children of a Colombian father or mother who have born in a foreign land and later domiciled in Colombian territory or registered in a consular office of the Republic.
2. By adoption:
a. Aliens who apply for and obtain [a] card of naturalization, in accordance with the law, which will establish the cases in which Colombian nationality is lost through adoption.
b. Latin Americans and Caribbeans by birth domiciled in Colombia, who, with the authorization of the Government and in accordance with the law and the principle of reciprocity, request to be registered as Colombians before the municipality where they are established.
c. Members of the indigenous peoples who share frontier territories, with application of the principle of reciprocity according to public treaties.
No Colombian by birth may be deprived of their nationality.
The quality of Colombian nationality is not lost by the act of acquiring another nationality. Nationals by adoption will not be obligated to renounce their nationality of origin or adoption.
Those who have renounced their Colombian nationality may recover it in accordance with the law. (Art. 96) - SpanishSon nacionales colombianos:
Por nacimiento:
a) Los naturales de Colombia, que con una de dos condiciones: que el padre o la madre hayan sido naturales o nacionales colombianos o que, siendo hijos de extranjeros, alguno de sus padres estuviere domiciliado en la República en el momento del nacimiento y;
b) Los hijos de padre o madre colombianos que hubieren nacido en tierra extranjera y fuego se domiciliaren en territorio colombiano o registraren en una oficina consular de la República.
2. Por adopción:
a) Los extranjeros que soliciten y obtengan carta de naturalización, de acuerdo con la ley, la cual establecerá los casos en los cuales se pierde la nacionalidad colombiana por adopción;
b) Los Latinoamericanos y del Caribe por nacimiento domiciliados en Colombia, que con autorización del Gobierno y de acuerdo con la ley y el principio de reciprocidad, pidan ser inscritos como colombianos ante la municipalidad donde se establecieren, y;
c) Los miembros de los pueblos indígenas que comparten territorios fronterizos, con aplicación del principio de reciprocidad según tratados públicos.
Ningún colombiano por nacimiento podrá ser privado de su nacionalidad. La calidad de nacional colombiano no se pierde por el hecho de adquirir otra nacionalidad. Los nacionales por adopción no estarán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen o adopción.
Quienes hayan renunciado a la nacionalidad colombiana podrán recobrarla con arreglo a la ley. (Art. 96)
Citizenship and Nationality
Antigua and Barbuda
- EnglishThe following persons shall become citizens on 1st November 1981-
a. every person who, having been born in Antigua, was on 31st October 1981, a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies;
b. every person born outside Antigua if either of his parents or any one of his grandparents was born therein or was registered or naturalized while resident in Antigua;
c. every person who on 31st October 1981 was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies
i. having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act 1948 by virtue of his having been naturalized while resident in Antigua as a British subject before the Act came into force; or
ii. having while resident in Antigua become such a citizen by virtue of his having been naturalized or registered under that Act;
d. every person who, having been born outside Antigua was on 31st October 1981 a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies and if his father or mother becomes, or would but for his or her death or the renunciation of his or her citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies have become, a citizen by virtue of paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this section;
e. every woman who, having been married to a person who becomes, or but for his death or the renunciation of his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies, would have become a citizen by virtue of paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d) of this section, was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies on 31st October 1981;
f. every person who on 31st October 1981 was under the age of eighteen years and is the child, stepchild, or child adopted in a manner recognized by law, of such a person as is mentioned in any of the preceding paragraphs of this section. (Sec. 112)
Citizenship and Nationality
Barbados
- English(1) A person born outside Barbados after 29th November 1966 shall become a citizen of Barbados at the date of his birth if at that date his father is a citizen of Barbados otherwise than by virtue of this section or section 2(2).
(2) Subject to subsection (1) and without derogating from, or in any way affecting, that subsection, a person born outside Barbados after 29th November 1966 shall become a citizen of Barbados at the date of his birth if at the date of the birth at least one of his parents is a citizen of Barbados who was born in Barbados. (Sec. 5)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishCubans may not be deprived of their citizenship, except for legally sanctioned causes.
The law establishes the procedure to be followed in order to formalize the loss or renouncement of citizenship as well as the authorities empowered to decide in these cases. (Art. 38) - SpanishLos cubanos no pueden ser privados de su ciudadanía, salvo por causas legalmente establecidas.
La ley establece el procedimiento a seguir para la formalización de la pérdida y renuncia de la ciudadanía y las autoridades facultadas para decidirlo. (Art. 38)
Citizenship and Nationality
Trinidad and Tobago
- English(1) Subject to subsection (2), every person born in Trinidad and Tobago after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago at the date of his birth.
(2) A person shall not become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago by virtue of subsection (1), if at the time of his birth—
(a) neither of his parents is a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago and either of them possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Trinidad and Tobago; or
(b) either of his parents is an enemy alien and the birth occurred in a place then under occupation by the enemy.
(3) A person born outside Trinidad and Tobago after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago at the date of his birth if at that date either of his parents is, or was, but for his parent’s death, a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago otherwise than by descent, so however that, in the case of a person employed in service under the Government or under an authority of the Government that requires him to reside outside Trinidad and Tobago for the proper discharge of his functions, this subsection shall be read as if the words “otherwise than by descent” were deleted.
(4) Any person who became a citizen by birth under section 12(1) or a citizen by descent under section 12(2) of the former Constitution and who has not ceased to be a citizen under that Constitution, shall continue to be a citizen under this Constitution.
(5) A person born outside Trinidad and Tobago after the 30th August, 1962 whose mother was a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago otherwise than by descent at the date of his birth but who did not become a citizen at that date shall be deemed to have become a citizen at that date and shall continue to be a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under this Constitution. (Sec. 17)
Citizenship and Nationality
Haiti
- EnglishThe regulations governing Haitian nationality shall be determined by law. (Art. 10)
- FrenchLes règles relatives à la Nationalité Haïtienne sont déterminées par la Loi. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Panama
- EnglishThe following may request Panamanian citizenship by naturalization:
1. Aliens with five years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, if, after having reached legal age, they declare their intention to become naturalized, expressly renounce their citizenship of origin or any other citizenship, and establish that they have a command of the Spanish language and an elementary knowledge of Panamanian geography, history and political organization;
2. Aliens with three years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, who have children born on the national territory of Panamanian father or mother, or who have a spouse of Panamanian citizenship, provided they make the statement and submit the evidence to which the preceding section refers;
3. Those nationals by birth, of Spain or any Latin American nation provided they fulfill the same requirements necessary in their country of origin for the naturalization of Panamanians. (Art. 10) - SpanishPueden solicitar la nacionalidad panameña por naturalización:
1. Los extranjeros con cinco años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República si, después de haber alcanzado su mayoría de edad, declaran su voluntad de naturalizarse, renuncian expresamente a su nacionalidad de origen o a la que tengan y comprueban que poseen el idioma español y conocimientos básicos de geografía, historia y organización política panameñas.
2. Los extranjeros con tres años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República que tengan hijos nacidos en ésta, de padre o madre panameños o cónyuge de nacionalidad panameña, si hacen la declaración y presentan la comprobación de que trata el aparte anterior.
3. Los nacionales por nacimiento, de España o de un Estado latinoamericano, si llenan los mismos requisitos que en su país de origen se exigen a los panameños para naturalizarse. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- English(1) The following persons shall, if they do not already possess citizenship, be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens:
(a) any person who is married to a citizen;
(b) any person who, being a Commonwealth citizen, is ordinarily resident in Saint Christopher and Nevis having been so resident for the period of fourteen years immediately preceding the date of his or her application;
(c) any person who, having been a citizen, has renounced his or her citizenship;
(d) any person who, but for renunciation of citizenship, would have become a citizen by virtue of section 90;
(e) any person who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d);
(f) any person who
(i) was married to a person who but for his or her death would have become a citizen by virtue of section 90; or
(ii) was married to a person who became a citizen by virtue of that section, but whose marriage to that person had been terminated by dissolution at any time before 19th September 1983 after having subsisted for at least three years;
(g) any person under the age of eighteen years who is the child of a citizen or the child of a person who is or would but for his or her death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under any of the preceding paragraphs; and
(h) such other persons as may be prescribed by Parliament:
Provided that if it is so provided by Parliament an application for registration as a citizen under this subsection may in such circumstances as may be prescribed by Parliament in the interests of defence, public safety or public order, be refused by the Minister responsible for the matter in any case in which he or she is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for refusing the application.
(2) An application for registration under subsection (1) shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, as respects that application, by or under a law enacted by Parliament and, in the case of a person under the age of eighteen years, it shall be made on his or her behalf by his or her parent or guardian:
Provided that, if any such person is or has been married, he or she may make the application himself or herself.
… (Sec. 92)
Citizenship and Nationality
United States of America
- EnglishAll persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. … (Amendment XIV, Sec. 1)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- EnglishAny woman who, after 9th July 1973, marries a person who is or becomes a citizen of The Bahamas shall be entitled, provided she is still so married, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and upon taking the oath of allegiance of such declaration as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this Article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security of public policy. (Art. 10)