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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Proceedings under section 7(1)(a) in respect of a judicial act may be brought only—
(a) by exercising a right of appeal;
(b) on an application (in Scotland a petition) for judicial review; or
(c) in such other forum as may be prescribed by rules.
(2) That does not affect any rule of law which prevents a court from being the subject of judicial review.
(3) In proceedings under this Act in respect of a judicial act done in good faith, damages may not be awarded otherwise than to compensate a person to the extent required by Article 5(5) of the Convention.
(4) An award of damages permitted by subsection (3) is to be made against the Crown; but no award may be made unless the appropriate person, if not a party to the proceedings, is joined.
(5) In this section—
“appropriate person” means the Minister responsible for the court concerned, or a person or government department nominated by him;
“court” includes a tribunal;
“judge” includes a member of a tribunal, a justice of the peace (or, in Northern Ireland, a lay magistrate) and a clerk or other officer entitled to exercise the jurisdiction of a court;
“judicial act” means a judicial act of a court and includes an act done on the instructions, or on behalf, of a judge; and
“rules” has the same meaning as in section 7(9). (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 9)
Judicial Protection
- English1. If any person alleges that any of the provisions of Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive)4 of this Constitution has been, is being of is likely to be contravened in relation to him then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply to the Supreme Court for redress.
2. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction-
a. to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of paragraph (1) of this Article; and
b. to determine any question arising in the case of any parson which is referred to it in pursuance of paragraph (3) of this Article,
and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled:
Provided that the Supreme Court shall not exercise its power under this paragraph if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
3. If, in any proceedings in any court established for The Bahamas other than the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal, any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive), the court in which the question has arisen shall refer the question to the Supreme Court.
4. No law shall make provision with respect to rights of appeal from any determination of the Supreme Court in pursuance of this Article that is less favorable to any party thereto than the rights of appeal from determinations of the Supreme Court that are accorded generally to parties to civil proceedings in that Court sitting as a court or original jurisdiction.
5. Parliament may make laws to confer upon the Supreme Court such additional or supplementary powers as may appear to be necessary or desirable for enabling the Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by paragraph (2) of this Article and may make provision with respect to the practice and procedure of the Court while exercising that jurisdiction. (Art. 28)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Popular Action (la Accion Popular) shall proceed against any act or omission by the authorities or individuals or collectives that violates or threatens to violate rights and collective interests related to public patrimony, space, security and health, the environment and other rights of a similar nature that are recognized by this Constitution. (Art. 135)
- SpanishLa Acción Popular procederá contra todo acto u omisión de las autoridades o de personas individuales o colectivas que violen o amenacen con violar derechos e intereses colectivos, relacionados con el patrimonio, el espacio, la seguridad y salubridad pública, el medio ambiente y otros de similar naturaleza reconocidos por esta Constitución. (Art. 135)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) This section is in addition to, and not in derogation of, Section 57 (enforcement of guaranteed rights and freedoms).
(2) A person whose rights or freedoms declared or protected by this Division are infringed (including any infringement caused by a derogation of the restrictions specified in Part X.5 (internment)) on the use of emergency powers in relation to internment is entitled to reasonable damages and, if the court thinks it proper, exemplary damages in respect of the infringement.
(3) Subject to Subsections (4) and (5), damages may be a awarded against any person who committed, or was responsible for, the infringement.
… (Sec. 58)
Judicial Protection
- English
All persons, in the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, have the right to obtain effective judicial guardianship,
… (Art. 69) - Spanish
Toda persona, en el ejercicio de sus derechos e intereses legítimos, tiene derecho a obtener la tutela judicial efectiva,
… (Art. 69)
Judicial Protection
- English…
7. Everyone shall have the right to challenge the constitutionality of a law or another regulatory legal act in case he/she believes that these acts violate rights and freedoms recognized in the Constitution.
… (Art. 97) - Russian…
7. Каждый вправе оспорить конституционность закона и иного нормативного правового акта, если считает, что ими нарушаются права и свободы, признаваемые Конституцией.
… (Статья 97) - Kyrgyz…
7. Конституция тарабынан таанылган укуктар жана эркиндиктер алар тарабынан бузулуп жатат деп эсептелсе ар бир адам мыйзамдын жана башка ченемдик укук актыларынын конституциялуулугун талашууга укуктуу.
… (97-берене)
Judicial Protection
- English
…
(3) All Courts in Tuvalu shall consider the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities when dealing with any issues arising from the application of the rights and freedoms enshrined in this Constitution.
… (Sec. 43)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishSubject to the provisions of section 37(7) of this Constitution, an appeal shall lie from decisions of the High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases-
…
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by section 16 of this Constitution (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms). (Sec. 103)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of the Republic of Sri Lanka shall be the highest and final superior Court of record in the Republic and shall subject to the provisions of the Constitution exercise –
…
(b) jurisdiction for the protection of fundamental rights;
… (Art. 118) - Sinhalaශ්රී ලංකා ජනරජයේ ශ්රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය ජනරජයේ උත්තරීතම සහ අවසානාත්මක ලේඛනෝපගත කිරීමේ ජ්යෙෂ්ඨ අධිකරණය වන අතර ආණ්ඩුක්රම ව්යවස්ථාවේ විධිවිධානවලට යටත්ව, මෙහි පහත දැක්වෙන ආකාරයේ වූ අධිකරණ බලය ක්රියාත්මක කරන්නේ ය. එනම්:–
…
(ආ) මූලික අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීම සඳහා වූ අධිකරණ බලය;
… (118 වැනි වගන්තිය)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the right of access to justice and to receive, within a reasonable timeframe and through a fair trial, safeguard of his or her legally protected rights or interests.
…
6. To defend the individual rights, freedoms and guarantees, the law provides for swift and priority legal proceedings that ensure the effective and timely safeguard against any threats or violations of said rights, freedoms and guarantees. (Art. 22) - Portuguese1. A todos é garantido o direito de acesso à justiça e de obter, em prazo razoável e mediante processo equitativo, a tutela dos seus direitos ou interesses legalmente protegidos.
…
6. Para defesa dos direitos, liberdades e garantias individuais, a lei estabelece procedimentos judiciais céleres e prioritários que assegurem a tutela efectiva e em tempo útil contra ameaças ou violações desses mesmos direitos, liberdades e garantias. (Art. 22)