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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 2929 RESULTS
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Guyana
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this article -
(a) no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect; and
(b) no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(2) In this article the expression ‘discriminatory’ means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their or their parents’ or guardians’ respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinion, colour, creed, age, disability, marital status, sex, gender, language, birth, social class, pregnancy, religion, conscience, belief or culture whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which other persons of the same or another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not afforded to persons of another such description.
(3) Paragraph (1)(a) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision -
…
(c) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding paragraph may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable.
… (Art. 149)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Mexico
- English...
I. The political parties are entities of public interest; … In the nomination [postulación] of their candidatures, the principle of parity of gender will be observed.
The political parties have as [their] objective ... to promote the principle of parity of gender, ... in accordance with the programs, principles and ideas they postulate and by way of universal, free, secret and direct suffrage, as well as the regulations that the electoral law specifies [marque] to guarantee the parity of gender, in candidatures to the different offices of popular election.
... (Art. 41) - Spanish…
I. Los partidos políticos son entidades de interés público; … En la postulación de sus candidaturas, se observará el principio de paridad de género.
Los partidos políticos tienen como fin ... fomentar el principio de paridad de género, ... de acuerdo con los programas, principios e ideas que postulan y mediante el sufragio universal, libre, secreto y directo, así como con las reglas que marque la ley electoral para garantizar la paridad de género, en las candidaturas a los distintos cargos de elección popular.
… (Art. 41)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Ecuador
- EnglishPolitical parties and movements are non-State public organizations, which constitute the expressions of political plurality of the people and are sustained by philosophical, political, ideological, inclusive and nondiscriminatory concepts.
Their organization, structure and functioning shall be democratic and shall guarantee rotation of power, accountability, and parity membership between women and men on their governing boards. They shall choose their board members and candidates by means of internal electoral processes or primaries. (Art. 108) - SpanishLos partidos y movimientos políticos son organizaciones públicas no estatales, que constituyen expresiones de la pluralidad política del pueblo y sustentarán concepciones filosóficas, políticas, ideológicas, incluyentes y no discriminatorias.
Su organización, estructura y funcionamiento será democráticos y garantizarán la alternabilidad, rendición de cuentas y conformación paritaria entre mujeres y hombres en sus directivas. Seleccionarán a sus directivas y candidaturas mediante procesos electorales internos o elecciones primarias. (Art. 108)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- English...
II. The Law shall determine the general criteria for the election of members of the departmental assemblies, taking into account population, territorial, cultural identity and linguistic representation when there are rural native indigenous minorities, and parity and alternation of gender. The Statutes of Autonomy shall define its application in accordance with the specific reality and conditions of its jurisdiction. (Art. 278) - Spanish...
II. La Ley determinará los criterios generales para la elección de asambleístas departamentales, tomando en cuenta representación poblacional, territorial, de identidad cultural y lingüística cuando son minorías indígena originario campesinas, y paridad y alternancia de género. Los Estatutos Autonómicos definirán su aplicación de acuerdo a la realidad y condiciones específicas de su jurisdicción. (Art. 278)
Citizenship and Nationality
Trinidad and Tobago
- English(1) In this Chapter—
…
“citizen by birth” means a person—
(a) who is a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 17(1); or
(b) who became a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 9(1) or 12(1) of the former Constitution;
“citizen by descent” means a person—
(a) who is a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 17(3) or any enactment; or
(b) who became a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under section 9(2) or 12(2) of the former Constitution.
... (Sec. 21)
Citizenship and Nationality
Nicaragua
- English
The acquisition, loss and recuperation of nationality will be regulated by the laws. (Art. 21)
- Spanish
La adquisición, pérdida y recuperación de la nacionalidad serán reguladas por las leyes. (Art. 21)
Citizenship and Nationality
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishVenezuelans by birth cannot be deprived of their nationality. The Venezuelan nationality by naturalization can be revoked only by a judgment handed down by a court in accordance with law. (Art. 35)
- SpanishLos venezolanos y venezolanas por nacimiento no podrán ser privados o privadas de su nacionalidad. La nacionalidad venezolana por naturalización sólo podrá ser revocada mediante sentencia judicial, de acuerdo con la ley. (Art. 35)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- English1. Every person who, having been born in the former Colony of the Bahamas Islands, is on 9th July 1973 a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall become a citizen of the Bahamas on 10th July 1973.
2. Every person who, having been born outside the former Colony of the Bahamas Islands, is on 9th July 1973 a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall, if his father becomes or would but for his death have become a citizen of The Bahamas in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, become a citizen of The Bahamas on 10th July 1973.
3. Every person who on 9th July 1973 is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act 1948 by virtue of his having been registered in the former Colony of the Bahamas Islands under that Act shall become a citizen of The Bahamas on 10th July 1973:
Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to any citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies
a. who was not ordinarily resident in that Colony on 31st December 1972, or
b. who became registered in that Colony on or after 1st January 1973, or
c. who on 9th July 1973 possesses the citizenship or nationality of some other country. (Art. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Guyana
- EnglishA person born outside Guyana after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Guyana at the date of his or her birth if at that date his or her father or his or her mother is a citizen of Guyana otherwise than by virtue of this article. (Art. 44)
Citizenship and Nationality
Costa Rica
- EnglishThe status [calidad] of Costa Rican is not lost and is irrenounceable. (Art. 16)
- SpanishLa calidad de costarricense no se pierde y es irrenunciable. (Art. 16)