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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 450 RESULTS
Limitations and/or Derogations
Brazil
- English
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Paragraph 4. No proposal of amendment shall be considered which is aimed at abolishing:
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IV – individual rights and guarantees.
… (Art. 60) - Portuguese
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§ 4º Não será objeto de deliberação a proposta de emenda tendente a abolir:
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IV - os direitos e garantias individuais.
… (Art. 60)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Portugal
- EnglishConstitutional revision laws must respect:
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d) Citizens’ rights, freedoms and guarantees;
… (Art. 288) - PortugueseAs leis de revisão constitucional terão de respeitar:
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d) Os direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos;
… (Art. 288)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Costa Rica
- English[The following] are duties and attributions that correspond jointly to the President and to the respective Minister of Government:
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4. In the recesses of the Legislative Assembly, to decree the suspension of [the] rights and guarantees that paragraph 7) of Article 121 refers to[,] in the same cases and with the same limitations established there[,] and immediately give account to the Assembly. The decree of suspension of guarantees is equivalent, ipso facto, to the convocation of the Assembly to sessions, which must meet within the following forty-eight hours. If the Assembly does not confirm the measure by two-thirds of the votes of the totality of its members, the guarantees will be considered restored.
… (Art. 140) - SpanishSon deberes y atribuciones que corresponden conjuntamente al Presidente y al respectivo Ministro de Gobierno:
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4) En los recesos de la Asamblea Legislativa, decretar la suspensión de derechos y garantías a que se refiere el inciso 7) del artículo 121 en los mismos casos y con las mismas limitaciones que allí se establecen y dar cuenta inmediatamente a la Asamblea. El decreto de suspensión de garantías equivale, ipso facto, a la convocatoria de la Asamblea a sesiones, la cual deberá reunirse dentro de las cuarenta y ocho horas siguientes. Si la Asamblea no confirmare la medida por dos tercios de votos de la totalidad de sus miembros, se tendrán por restablecidas las garantías.
… (Art. 140)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Indonesia
- English(1) The rights to life, freedom from torture, freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of religion, freedom from enslavement, recognition as a person before the law, and the right not to be tried under a law with retrospective effect are all human rights that cannot be limited under any circumstances.
… (Art. 28I) - Indonesian(1) Hak untuk hidup, hak untuk tidak disiksa, hak kemerdekaan pikiran dan hati nurani, hak beragama, hak untuk tidak diperbudak, hak untuk diakui sebagai pribadi di hadapan hukum, dan hak untuk tidak dituntut atas dasar hukum yang berlaku surut adalah hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat dikurangi dalam keadaan apa pun.
… (Pasal 28I)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Spain
- English(1) The rights recognized in sections 17, 18, subsections 2 and 3, sections 19, sections 21, 28, subsection 2, and section 37, subsection 2, may be suspended when a state of emergency or siege (martial law) is declared under the terms provided in the Constitution. Subsection 3 of section 17 is excepted from the foregoing provisions in the event of the declaration of a state of emergency.
(2) An organic act may determine the manner and the circumstances in which, on an individual basis and with the necessary participation of the courts and proper parliamentary control, the rights recognized in section 17, subsection 2, and 18, subsections 2 and 3, may be suspended for specific persons in connection with investigations of the activities of armed bands or terrorist groups.
Unwarranted or abusive use of the powers recognized in the foregoing organic act shall give rise to criminal liability as a violation of the rights and freedoms recognized by the laws. 20, subsection 1, paragraphs a) and d), and subsection 5. (Sec. 55) - Spanish1. Los derechos reconocidos en los artículos 17, 18, apartados 2 y 3, artículos 19, 20, apartados 1 a) y d), y 5, artículos 21, 28, apartado 2, y artículo 37, apartado 2, podrán ser suspendidos cuando se acuerde la declaración del estado de excepción o de sitio en los términos previstos en la Constitución. Se exceptúa de lo establecido anteriormente el apartado 3 del artículo 17 para el supuesto de declaración de estado de excepción.
2. Una ley orgánica podrá determinar la forma y los casos en los que, de forma individual y con la necesaria intervención judicial y el adecuado control parlamentario, los derechos reconocidos en los artículos 17, apartado 2, y 18, apartados 2 y 3, pueden ser suspendidos para personas determinadas, en relación con las investigaciones correspondientes a la actuación de bandas armadas o elementos terroristas.
La utilización injustificada o abusiva de las facultades reconocidas en dicha ley orgánica producirá responsabilidad penal, como violación de los derechos y libertades reconocidos por las leyes. (Art. 55)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Ecuador
- EnglishThe President of the Republic shall be entitled to decree a State of Exception throughout the country's territory or in part of this territory in the event of aggression, international or domestic armed conflict, severe domestic unrest, public calamity or natural disaster. The declaration of a State of Exception shall not interrupt the activities of the State's duties.
The State of Exception shall observe the principles of needs, proportionality, legality, temporariness, territoriality and reasonableness. The decree establishing the State of Exception shall indicate its cause and motivation, territorial scope of application, period of duration, measures that must be applied, the rights that can be suspended or restricted and the notifications that correspond, in accordance with the Constitution and international treaties. (Art. 164) - SpanishLa Presidenta o Presidente de la República podrá decretar el estado de excepción en todo el territorio nacional o en parte de él en caso de agresión, conflicto armado internacional o interno, grave conmoción interna, calamidad pública o desastre natural. La declaración del estado de excepción no interrumpirá las actividades de las funciones del Estado.
El estado de excepción observará los principios de necesidad, proporcionalidad, legalidad, temporalidad, territorialidad y razonabilidad. El decreto que establezca el estado de excepción contendrá la determinación de la causal y su motivación, ámbito territorial de aplicación, el periodo de duración, las medidas que deberán aplicarse, los derechos que podrán suspenderse o limitarse y las notificaciones que correspondan de acuerdo a la Constitución y a los tratados internacionales. (Art. 164)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Kuwait
- EnglishNo provision of this Constitution may be suspended save in the course of Martial Law and within the limits determined by Law. National Assembly conventions may not, in any circumstance, be suspended during that period, nor may the immunity of its members be violated. (Art. 181)
- Arabicلا يجوز تعطيل أي حكم من أحكام هذا الدستور إلا أثناء قيام الأحكام العرفية في الحدود التي يبينها القانون. ولا يجوز بأي حال تعطيل انعقاد مجلس الأمة في تلك الأثناء أو المساس بحصانة أعضائه. (المادّة 181)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Fiji
- English…
(4) A legal person has the rights and freedoms recognised in this Chapter, to the extent required by the nature of the right or freedom, and the nature of the particular legal person.
(5) The rights and freedoms set out in this Chapter apply according to their tenor and may be limited by—
(a) limitations expressly prescribed, authorised or permitted (whether by or under a written law) in relation to a particular right or freedom in this Chapter;
(b) limitations prescribed or set out in, or authorised or permitted by, other provisions of this Constitution; or
(c) limitations which are not expressly set out or authorised (whether by or under a written law) in relation to a particular right or freedom in this Chapter, but which are necessary and are prescribed by a law or provided under a law or authorised or permitted by a law or by actions taken under the authority of a law.
… (Sec. 6) - iTaukei…
(4) Na matakabani e tu vua na dodonu kei na galala me vaka e virikotori ena Wase qo, me yacova na kena iyalayala e vakatarai me vakayagataki kina na dodonu se na galala qo ka na vakatautaki tale ga ena ituvaki ni matakabani.
(5) Na dodonu kei na galala e vakamacalataki ena Wase qo ena rawa ni yalani ena—
(a) so na vanua vakarautaki se vakadonui (veitalia ke virikotori ena lawa tabaki se sega) ena tiki ni dodonu se galala ena Wase qo;
(b) so na vanua vakarautaki se vakadonui ena dua na tikina vakarautaki ena Yavunivakavulewa qo; se
(c) so na vanua e sega ni vakarautaki se vakadonui (veitalia ke virikotori ena lawa tabaki se sega) ena tiki ni dodonu se galala ena Wase qo; ia e gadrevi ka tauyavutaki vakalawa se vakarautaki ena dua na lawa se vakadonui vakalawa se vakayacori ena veivakadonui vakalawa.
… (Sec. 6)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Malaysia
- English(1) If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof is threatened, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency making therein a declaration to that effect.
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(5) Subject to Clause (6a), while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution make laws with respect to any matter, if it appears to Parliament that the law is required by reason of the emergency; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such a law or an amendment to such a Bill, nor shall any provision of this Constitution or of any written law which requires any consent or concurrence to the passing of a law or any consultation with respect thereto, or which restricts the coming into force of a law after it is passed or the presentation of a Bill to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his assent.
(6) Subject to Clause (6a), no provision of any ordinance promulgated under this Article, and no provision of any Act of Parliament which is passed while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force and which declares that the law appears to Parliament to be required by reason of the emergency, shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Constitution.
(6a) Clause (5) shall not extend the powers of Parliament with respect to any matter of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays, or with respect to any matter of native law or customs in the State of Sabah or Sarawak; nor shall Clause (6) validate any provision inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution relating to any such matter or relating to religion, citizenship, or language.
… (Art. 150) - Malay(1) Jika Yang di-Pertuan Agong berpuas hati bahawa suatu darurat besar sedang berlaku yang menyebabkan keselamatan, atau kehidupan ekonomi, atau ketenteraman awam di dalam Persekutuan atau mana-mana bahagiannya terancam, maka Yang di-Pertuan Agong boleh mengeluarkan suatu Proklamasi Darurat dengan membuat dalamnya suatu perisytiharan yang bermaksud sedemikian.
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(5) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa, Parlimen boleh, walau apa pun apa-apa jua dalam Perlembagaan ini, membuat undang-undang mengenai apa-apa perkara, jika didapati oleh Parlimen bahawa undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat itu; dan Perkara 79 tidaklah terpakai bagi suatu Rang Undang-Undang untuk sesuatu undang-undang yang sedemikian atau bagi sesuatu pindaan kepada sesuatu Rang Undang-Undang yang sedemikian, dan juga tidaklah terpakai mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau peruntukan mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang menghendaki apa-apa keizinan atau persetujuan bagi meluluskan sesuatu undang-undang atau apa-apa rundingan mengenainya atau yang menyekat permulaan kuat kuasa sesuatu undang-undang selepas undang-undang itu diluluskan atau yang menyekat Rang Undang-Undang daripada dipersembahkan kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong untuk diperkenankan olehnya.
(6) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), tiada peruntukan mana-mana ordinan yang dimasyhurkan di bawah Perkara ini, dan tiada peruntukan mana-mana Akta Parlimen yang diluluskan semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa dan yang mengisytiharkan bahawa didapati oleh Parlimen undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat, boleh menjadi tidak sah atas alasan ketidakselarasan dengan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini.
(6A) Fasal (5) tidak boleh memperluas kuasa Parlimen mengenai apa-apa perkara hukum Syarak atau adat Melayu atau mengenai apa-apa perkara undang-undang atau adat anak negeri di Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak; dan juga Fasal (6) tidak boleh menjadikan sah mana-mana peruntukan yang tidak selaras dengan peruntukan Perlembagaan ini yang berhubungan dengan apa-apa perkara sedemikian atau berhubungan dengan agama, kewarganegaraan, atau bahasa.
… (Perkara 150)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Marshall Islands
- EnglishThe enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. (Art. II, Sec. 17)