SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
II. In the framework of the unity of the State, and in accordance with this Constitution, the nations and rural native indigenous peoples enjoy the following rights:
…
6. To the collective ownership of land and territories.
…
17. To autonomous indigenous territorial management, and to the exclusive use and exploitation of renewable natural resources existing in their territory without prejudice to the legitimate rights acquired by third parties.
… (Art. 30) - Spanish…
II. En el marco de la unidad del Estado y de acuerdo con esta Constitución las naciones y pueblos indígena originario campesinos gozan de los siguientes derechos:
…
6. A la titulación colectiva de tierras y territorios.
…
17. A la gestión territorial indígena autónoma, y al uso y aprovechamiento exclusivo de los recursos naturales renovables existentes en su territorio sin perjuicio de los derechos legítimamente adquiridos por terceros.
… (Art. 30)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe social organization, customs, languages, creeds and traditions of Indians are recognized, as well as their original rights to the lands they traditionally occupy. The Union has the responsibility to delineate these lands and to protect and ensure respect for all their property.
§1°. Lands traditionally occupied by Indians are those on which they live on a permanent basis, those used for their productive activities, those indispensable for the preservation of environmental resources necessary for their well-being and those necessary for their physical and cultural reproduction, according to their uses, customs and traditions.
§2°. The lands traditionally occupied by Indians are destined for their permanent possession, and they shall be entitled to the exclusive usufruct of the riches of the soil, rivers and lakes existing thereon.
§3°. Utilization of water resources, including their energy potential, and prospecting and mining of mineral wealth on indigenous lands may only be done with the authorization of the National Congress, after hearing from the communities involved, which shall be assured of participation in the results of the mining, as provided by law.
§4°. The lands dealt with in this article are inalienable and nontransferable, and the statute of limitations does not run against rights thereto.
§5°. Removal of indigenous groups from their lands is prohibited except by referendum of the National Congress, in the event of a catastrophe or epidemic that places the population at risk or in the interest of national sovereignty, after deliberation of the National Congress, guaranteeing, under all circumstances, immediate return as soon as the risk ceases.
§6°. Acts aimed at the occupation, dominion and possession of the lands referred to in this article, or at exploitation of the natural wealth of the soil, rivers and lakes existing thereon, are null and void, producing no legal effects, except in the case of important public interest of the Union, according to the provisions of a complementary law; such nullity and extinction of acts shall not give rise to a right to compensation or to sue the Union, except, as provided by law, for improvements resulting from occupation in good faith.
§7°. The provisions of art. 174, §§ 3° and 4° do not apply to indigenous lands. (Art. 231) - PortugueseSão reconhecidos aos índios sua organização social, costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições, e os direitos originários sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam, competindo à União demarcá-las, proteger e fazer respeitar todos os seus bens.
§ 1º - São terras tradicionalmente ocupadas pelos índios as por eles habitadas em caráter permanente, as utilizadas para suas atividades produtivas, as imprescindíveis à preservação dos recursos ambientais necessários a seu bem-estar e as necessárias a sua reprodução física e cultural, segundo seus usos, costumes e tradições.
§ 2º - As terras tradicionalmente ocupadas pelos índios destinam-se a sua posse permanente, cabendo-lhes o usufruto exclusivo das riquezas do solo, dos rios e dos lagos nelas existentes.
§ 3º - O aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos, incluídos os potenciais energéticos, a pesquisa e a lavra das riquezas minerais em terras indígenas só podem ser efetivados com autorização do Congresso Nacional, ouvidas as comunidades afetadas, ficando-lhes assegurada participação nos resultados da lavra, na forma da lei.
§ 4º - As terras de que trata este artigo são inalienáveis e indisponíveis, e os direitos sobre elas, imprescritíveis.
§ 5º - É vedada a remoção dos grupos indígenas de suas terras, salvo, "ad referendum" do Congresso Nacional, em caso de catástrofe ou epidemia que ponha em risco sua população, ou no interesse da soberania do País, após deliberação do Congresso Nacional, garantido, em qualquer hipótese, o retorno imediato logo que cesse o risco.
§ 6º - São nulos e extintos, não produzindo efeitos jurídicos, os atos que tenham por objeto a ocupação, o domínio e a posse das terras a que se refere este artigo, ou a exploração das riquezas naturais do solo, dos rios e dos lagos nelas existentes, ressalvado relevante interesse público da União, segundo o que dispuser lei complementar, não gerando a nulidade e a extinção direito a indenização ou a ações contra a União, salvo, na forma da lei, quanto às benfeitorias derivadas da ocupação de boa fé.
§ 7º - Não se aplica às terras indígenas o disposto no art. 174, § 3º e § 4º. (Art. 231)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishAll people have the right to enjoy their personal property. The State guarantees its use, enjoyment, and free disposal, in accordance with what is established in the law.
… (Art. 58) - SpanishTodas las personas tienen derecho al disfrute de los bienes de su propiedad. El Estado garantiza su uso, disfrute y libre disposición, de conformidad con lo establecido en la ley.
… (Art. 58)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State shall encourage the development of the small rural property. It will facilitate access for the small producer to technical assistance, credits, and [to the] other means necessary for the acquisition and the better use of his lands. (Art. 116)
- SpanishEl Estado fomentará el desarrollo de la pequeña propiedad rural. Facilitará al pequeño productor asistencia técnica, créditos y otros medios necesarios para la adquisición y el major aprovechamiento de sus tierras. (Art. 116)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe Constitution guarantees to all Hondurans and to foreigners residing in the country the right to the inviolability of life, and to individual safety, freedom, equality before the law, and property. (Art. 61)
- SpanishLa Constitución garantiza a los hondureños y extranjeros residentes en el país, el derecho a la inviolabilidad de la vida, a la seguridad individual, a la libertad, a la igualdad ante la ley y a la propiedad. (Art. 61)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
The ownership of the land to all those holders [proprietarios] who productively and efficiently work it[,] is guaranteed. The law will establish specific [particulares] regulations and exceptions, in accordance with the goals and objectives of agrarian reform. (Art. 108)
- Spanish
Se garantiza la propiedad de la tierra a todos los propietarios que la trabajen productiva y eficientemente. La ley establecerá regulaciones particulares y excepciones, de conformidad con los fines y objetivos de la reforma agraria. (Art. 108)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(3) In this section the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, birth out of wedlock, political opinions or affiliations, colour, sex or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages that are not accorded to persons of another such description.
…
(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision
…
(c) for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) (or of persons connected with such persons) of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law of persons of that description;
… (Sec. 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right of property is guaranteed. Every person has the right to the use, enjoyment, usufruct and disposal of his or her goods. … (Art. 115)
- SpanishSe garantiza el derecho de propiedad. Toda persona tiene derecho al uso, goce, disfrute y disposición de sus bienes. … (Art. 115)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishWhereas every person in Antigua and Barbuda is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, regardless of race, place of origin, political opinions or affiliations, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely-
a. life, liberty, security of the person, the enjoyment of property and the protection of the law;
…
c. protection for his family life, his personal privacy, the privacy of his home and other property and from deprivation of property without fair compensation,
… (Sec. 3)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishI. Individual agrarian property is classified as small, medium and business, according to the surface area, the production, and the development criteria. Its maximum and minimum dimensions, characteristics and forms of conversion shall be regulated by law. Legally acquired rights by individual owners, whose piece of land is inside rural native indigenous territories, are guaranteed.
II. The small property is indivisible; it constitutes a family asset that cannot be attached, and it is not subject to agrarian property taxes. The indivisibility does not affect the right of hereditary succession under conditions established by law.
III. The State recognizes, protects and guarantees communitarian or collective property, which includes rural native indigenous territory, native, intercultural communities and rural communities. Collective property is indivisible, may not be subject to prescription or attachment, is inalienable and irreversible, and it is not subject to agrarian property taxes. Communities can be owners, recognizing the complementary character of collective and individual rights, respecting the territorial unity in common. (Art. 394) - SpanishI. La propiedad agraria individual se clasifica en pequeña, mediana y empresarial, en función a la superficie, a la producción y a los criterios de desarrollo. Sus extensiones máximas y mínimas, características y formas de conversión serán reguladas por la ley. Se garantizan los derechos legalmente adquiridos por propietarios particulares cuyos predios se encuentren ubicados al interior de territorios indígena originario campesinos.
II. La pequeña propiedad es indivisible, constituye patrimonio familiar inembargable, y no está sujeta al pago de impuestos a la propiedad agraria. La indivisibilidad no afecta el derecho a la sucesión hereditaria en las condiciones establecidas por ley.
III. El Estado reconoce, protege y garantiza la propiedad comunitaria o colectiva, que comprende el territorio indígena originario campesino, las comunidades interculturales originarias y de las comunidades campesinas. La propiedad colectiva se declara indivisible, imprescriptible, inembargable, inalienable e irreversible y no está sujeta al pago de impuestos a la propiedad agraria. Las comunidades podrán ser tituladas reconociendo la complementariedad entre derechos colectivos e individuales respetando la unidad territorial con identidad. (Art. 394)