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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to sections 23(3), 37(10)(b), 50(7) and 116(2), any person who alleges that any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter II2) has been or is being contravened may, if he or she has a relevant interest, apply to the High Court for a declaration and for relief under this section.
(2) The High Court shall have jurisdiction on an application made under this section to determine whether any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter II) has been or is being contravened and to make a declaration accordingly.
(3) Where the High Court makes a declaration under this section that a provision of this Constitution has been or is being contravened and the person on whose application the declaration is made has also applied for relief, the High Court may grant to that person such remedy as it considers appropriate, being a remedy available generally under any law in proceedings in the High Court.
(4) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on the court by or under this section, including provision with respect to the time within which any application under this section may be made.
(5) A person shall be regarded as having a relevant interest for the purpose of an application under this section only if the contravention of this Constitution alleged by him or her is such as to affect his or her interests.
(6) The rights conferred on a person by this section to apply for a declaration and relief in respect of an alleged contravention of this Constitution shall be in addition to any other action in respect of the same matter that may be available to that person under any law.
(7) Nothing in this section shall confer jurisdiction on the High Court to hear or determine any such question as is referred to in section 36. (Sec. 96)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Conflicts arising from the interpretation or exercise of jurisdiction between the general organs of the State and the Local Councils shall be settled by the Constitutional Court.
… (Art. 82) - Catalan1. Els litigis sobre interpretació o exercici competencial entre els òrgans generals de l'Estat i els Comuns seran resolts pel Tribunal Constitucional.
… (Art. 82)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The President of the Republic may ask the Constitutional Court to conduct a prior review of the constitutionality of any rule contained in legislation that has been submitted for enactment, any international treaty submitted to him for ratification or any international agreement sent to him for signature.
2. One tenth of the Members of the National Assembly in full exercise of their office may also request a prior review of the constitutionality of any rule contained in legislation that has been submitted for enactment.
… (Art. 228) - Portuguese1. O Presidente da República pode requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de diploma legal que tenha sido submetido para promulgação, tratado internacional que lhe tenha sido submetido para ratificação ou acordo internacional que lhe tenha sido remetido para assinatura.
2. Pode ainda requerer a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de diploma legal que tenha sido submetido à promulgação um décimo dos Deputados à Assembleia Nacional em efectividade de funções.
... (Art. 228)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is equally competent to decide on the cases specified in the Articles 6, 53, 54, 60, 67, 86, 103 and 110 of the Constitution. (Art. 129)
- FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est également compétente pour statuer sur les cas prévus aux articles 6, 53, 54, 60, 67, 86, 103 et 110 de la Constitution. (Art. 129)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishLaws may be declared unconstitutional by reason of form or content, in accordance with the provisions of the following articles. (Art. 256)
- SpanishLas leyes podrán ser declaradas inconstitucionales por razón de forma o de contenido, de acuerdo con lo que se establece en los artículos siguientes. (Art. 256)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia:
- shall decide on the compliance of laws with the Constitution;
- shall decide on the compliance of other regulations with the Constitution and laws;
- may decide on the constitutionality of laws and the constitutionality and legality of other regulations which are no longer valid, provided that less than one year has elapsed from the moment of such cessation until the filing of a request or a proposal to institute proceedings;
- shall decide on constitutional complaints against individual decisions taken by state bodies, bodies of local and regional self-government and legal persons vested with public authority where such decisions violate human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as the right to local and regional self-government guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia;
- shall monitor compliance with the Constitution and laws and shall report to the Croatian Parliament on detected violations thereof
- shall decide on jurisdictional disputes between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches;
- shall decide, in conformity with the Constitution, on the impeachment of the President of the Republic;
- shall monitor compliance of the platforms and activities of political parties with the Constitution and may, in compliance with the Constitution, ban non-compliant parties;
- shall monitor whether elections and referenda are conducted in compliance with the Constitution and laws and shall resolve electoral disputes falling outside the jurisdiction of the courts;
- shall perform other duties specified by the Constitution. (Art. 125) - CroatianUstavni sud Republike Hrvatske:
- odlučuje o suglasnosti zakona s Ustavom;
- odlučuje o suglasnosti drugih propisa s Ustavom i zakonom;
- može ocjenjivati ustavnost zakona te ustavnost i zakonitost drugih propisa koji su prestali važiti ako od tog prestanka do podnošenja zahtjeva ili prijedloga za pokretanje postupka nije prošlo više od godine dana,
- odlučuje povodom ustavnih tužbi protiv pojedinačnih odluka državnih tijela, tijela jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave te pravnih osoba s javnim ovlastima kad su tim odlukama povrijeđena ljudska prava i temeljne slobode, kao i pravo na lokalnu i područnu (regionalnu) samoupravu zajamčeni Ustavom Republike Hrvatske,
- prati ostvarivanje ustavnosti i zakonitosti te o uočenim pojavama neustavnosti I nezakonitosti izvješćuje Hrvatski sabor
- rješava sukob nadležnosti između tijela zakonodavne, izvršne i sudbene vlasti;
- odlučuje, u skladu s Ustavom, o odgovornosti predsjednika Republike;
- nadzire ustavnost programa I djelovanja političkih stranaka i može, u skladu s Ustavom, zabraniti njihov rad;
- nadzire ustavnost i zakonitost izbora i državnog referenduma i rješava izborne sporove koji nisu u djelokrugu sudova;
- obavlja druge poslove određene Ustavom. (Članak 125)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Council is referred to [a matter] by:
• the President of Faso;
• the Prime Minister;
• the President of the National Assembly;
• one-tenth (1/10) at least of the members of the National Assembly.
In addition, any citizen may refer [a matter] to the Constitutional Council concerning the constitutionality of the laws, either directly, or through the procedure of the pleadings [exception] of unconstitutionality invoked in a matter [affaire] which concerns them before a jurisdiction. This must postpone [the matter] until the decision of the Constitutional Council which must intervene within a maximum period of time of thirty days counting from its referral [to the matter].
The Constitutional Council can refer itself to any questions relative to its competence, if it judges it necessary. (Art. 157) - French
Le Conseil constitutionnel est saisi par :
• le Président du Faso;
• le Premier ministre;
• le Président de l'Assemblée nationale;
• un dixième (1/10) au moins des membres de chaque chambre du Parlement.
En outre, tout citoyen peut saisir le Conseil constitutionnel sur la constitutionnalité des lois, soit directement, soit par la procédure de l’exception d’inconstitutionnalité invoquée dans une affaire qui le concerne devant une juridiction. Celle-ci doit surseoir jusqu’à la décision du Conseil constitutionnel qui doit intervenir dans un délai maximum de trente jours à compter de sa saisine.
Le Conseil constitutionnel peut se saisir de toutes questions relevant de sa compétence s’il le juge nécessaire. (Art. 157)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply a legal rule on the grounds of its unconstitutionality;
b) Applying rules whose constitutionality may have been challenged during the proceedings.
2. The Constitutional Court shall also have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a regional law on the grounds of its illegality by infringement of a law of superior force;
b) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a regional legislative on the grounds of its illegality by infringement of the Political and Administrative Statute of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe or of the general law of the Republic;
c) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a law emanating from a sovereign body on the grounds of illegality by infringement of the Political and Administrative Statute of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe;
d) Applying a rule, whose legality has been challenged during the proceedings on any of the grounds specified in subparagraphs a), b) and c).
3. If a rule, whose application has been refused, consists of an international convention, of a legislative act or of a regulatory decree, the appeals contemplated in subparagraph a) of paragraph 1 and paragraph a) of paragraph 2 of this article are required for public prosecution.
4. The appeals contemplated in subparagraphs b) and d) of paragraph 2 may be instituted only by the party who has challenged the unconstitutionality or illegality, and the law shall regulate the rules on admissibility of these appeals.
5. The Constitutional Court, mandatorily the Public Prosecutor’s Office, shall also have jurisdiction to hear appeals against the decisions of courts that apply a law previously judged unconstitutional or illegal by the Constitutional Court itself.
6. Appeals to the Constitutional Court shall be restricted to the question of unconstitutionality or of illegality, in conformance with the cases. (Art. 149) - Portuguese1. Cabe recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de qualquer norma com fundamento na sua inconstitucionalidade;
b) Que apliquem norma cuja a inconstitucionalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo.
2. Cabe igualmente recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de acto legislativo com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação de lei com valor reforçado;
b) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma regional com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação do Estatuto Político-Administrativo da Região Autónoma do Príncipe ou de lei geral da República;
c) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma emanado de um órgão de soberania com fundamento na ilegalidade por violação do Estatuto Político-Administrativo da Região Autónoma do Príncipe;
d) Que apliquem norma cuja ilegalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo com qualquer dos fundamentos referidos nas alíneas a), b) e c).
3. Quando a norma cuja aplicação tiver sido recusada constar de convenção internacional, de acto legislativo ou de decreto regulamentar, os recursos previstos na alínea a) do número 1 e na alínea a) do número 2 deste artigo são obrigatórios para o Ministério Público.
4. Os recursos previstos nas alíneas b) e d) do número 2 só podem ser interpostos, pela parte que haja suscitado a questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, devendo a lei regular o regime de admissão desses recursos.
5. Cabe ainda recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional, obrigatório para o Ministério Público, das decisões dos tribunais que apliquem norma anteriormente julgada inconstitucional ou ilegal pelo próprio Tribunal Constitucional.
6. Os recursos para o Tribunal Constitucional são restritos à questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, conforme os casos. (Art. 149)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishIf the High Court Division is satisfied that a case pending in a court subordinate to it involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution, or on a point of general public importance, the determination of which is necessary for the disposal of the case, it shall withdraw the case from that court and may –
(a) either dispose of the case itself ; or
(b) determine the question of law and return the case to the court from which it has been so withdrawn (or transfer it to another subordinate court) together with a copy of the judgment of the division on such question, and the court to which the case is so returned or transferred shall, on receipt thereof, proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with such judgment. (Art. 110) - Bengaliহাইকোর্ট বিভাগের নিকট যদি সন্তোষজনকভাবে প্রতীয়মান হয় যে, উক্ত বিভাগের কোন অধঃস্তন আদালতের বিচারাধীন কোন মামলায় এই সংবিধানের ব্যাখ্যা-সংক্রান্ত আইনের এমন গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্ন বা এমন জন-গুরুত্বসম্পন্ন বিষয় জড়িত রহিয়াছে, সংশ্লিষ্ট মামলার মীমাংসার জন্য যাহার সম্পর্কে সিদ্ধান্ত গ্রহণ প্রয়োজন, তাহা হইলে হাইকোর্ট বিভাগ উক্ত আদালত হইতে মামলাটি প্রত্যাহার করিয়া লইবেন এবং
(ক) স্বয়ং মামলাটির মীমাংসা করিবেন; অথবা
(খ) উক্ত আইনের প্রশ্নটির নিষ্পত্তি করিবেন এবং উক্ত প্রশ্ন সম্বন্ধে হাইকোর্ট বিভাগের রায়ের নকলসহ যে আদালত হইতে মামলাটি প্রত্যাহার করা হইয়াছিল, সেই আদালতে (বা অন্য কোন অধঃস্তন আদালতে) মামলাটি ফেরত পাঠাইবেন এবং তাহা প্রাপ্ত হইবার পর সেই আদালত উক্ত রায়ের সহিত সঙ্গতি রক্ষা করিয়া মামলাটির মীমাংসা করিতে প্রবৃত্ত হইবেন। (অনুচ্ছেদ ১১০)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishA Land law may assign the decision of constitutional disputes within a Land to the Federal Constitutional Court, and the final decision in matters involving the application of Land law to the supreme courts specified in paragraph (1) of Article 95. (Art. 99)
- GermanDem Bundesverfassungsgerichte kann durch Landesgesetz die Entscheidung von Verfassungsstreitigkeiten innerhalb eines Landes, den in Artikel 95 Abs. 1 genannten obersten Gerichtshöfen für den letzten Rechtszug die Entscheidung in solchen Sachen zugewiesen werden, bei denen es sich um die Anwendung von Landesrecht handelt. (Art. 99)