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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Limitations and/or Derogations
Zimbabwe
- English(1) An emergency law may limit any of the fundamental human rights or freedoms, but only to the extent set out in section 87.
(2) If a state of public emergency is declared under section 113 in relation to only a part of Zimbabwe, an emergency law may not limit fundamental human rights or freedoms under this Schedule in any other part of Zimbabwe. (Second Schedule, Limitations on Rights during Public Emergencies, Sec. 2)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Montenegro
- EnglishGuaranteed human rights and freedoms may be limited only by the law, within the scope permitted by the Constitution and to such an extent which is necessary to meet the purpose for which the limitation is allowed, in an open and democratic society.
Limitations shall not be introduced for other purposes except for those for which they have been provided for. (Art. 24) - MontenegrinZajemčena ljudska prava i slobode mogu se ograničiti samo zakonom, u obimu koji dopušta Ustav u mjeri koja je neophodna da bi se u otvorenom i slobodnom demokratskom društvu zadovoljila svrha zbog koje je ograničenje dozvoljeno.
Ograničenja se ne smiju uvoditi u druge svrhe osim onih radi kojih su propisana. (Član 24)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Morocco
- EnglishWhen the integrity of the National territory is threatened or [in case] that events are produced which obstruct the regular functioning of the constitutional institutions, the King can, after having consulted the Head of Government, the President of the Chamber of Representatives, the President of the Chamber of Councilors, as well as the President of the Constitutional Court, and addressing a message to the Nation, proclaim by Dahir the state of exception. By this act, the King is enabled [habilite] to take the measures that the defense of the territorial integrity imposes and to return, in the least time, to the normal functioning of the constitutional institutions.
The Parliament may not be dissolved during the exercise of exceptional powers.
The fundamental rights and freedoms provided by this Constitution remain guaranteed.
The state of exception is terminated in the same forms as its proclamation, once the conditions which have justified it do not exist. (Art. 59) - Arabicإذا كانت حوزة التّراب الوطني مهدّدة، أو وقع من الأحداث ما يعرقل السير العادي للمؤسّسات الدّستورية، أمكن للملك أن يُعلن حالة الاستثناء بظهير، بعد استشارة كل من رئيس الحكومة، ورئيس مجلس النواب، ورئيس مجلس المستشارين، ورئيس المحكمة الدستورية، وتوجيه خطاب إلى الأمّة. ويُخول الملك بذلك صلاحية اتخاذ الإجراءات التي يفرضها الدفاع عن الوحدة الترابية، ويقتضيها الرجوع، في أقرب الآجال، إلى السير العادي للمؤسسات الدستورية.
لا يحل البرلمان أثناء ممارسة السلطات الاستثنائية.
تبقى الحريات والحقوق الأساسية المنصوص عليها في هذا الدستور مضمونة.
تُرفع حالة الاستثناء بمجرد انتفاء الأسباب التي دعت إليها، وباتخاذ الإجراءات الشكلية المقررة لإعلانها. (الفصل 59)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. The Executive shall report to the Pluri-National Legislative Assembly concerning the reasons for the declaration of the state of emergency, as well as the use that has been made of the powers conferred by the Constitution and the law.
II. Those persons who violate the rights established in this Constitution shall be subject to criminal process for violation of rights.
III. The states of emergency shall be regulated by law. (Art. 139) - SpanishI. El Ejecutivo rendirá cuentas a la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional de los motivos que dieron lugar a la declaración del estado de excepción, así como del uso que haya hecho de las facultades conferidas por la Constitución y la ley.
II. Quienes violen los derechos establecidos en esta Constitución serán objeto de proceso penal por atentado contra los derechos.
III. Los estados de excepción serán regulados por la ley. (Art. 139)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Russian Federation
- English1. Human dignity shall be protected by the State. Nothing may serve as a basis for its derogation.
… (Art. 21) - Russian1. Достоинство личности охраняется государством. Ничто не может быть основанием для его умаления.
… (Статья 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Colombia
- EnglishThe States of Exception to which the previous Articles refer will be subject to the following provisions:
…
2. Neither human rights nor fundamental freedoms may be suspended. In all cases, the rules of international humanitarian law will be respected. A statutory law will regulate the faculties of the Government during the States of Exception and will establish the judicial controls and guarantees to protect the rights in conformity with international treaties. The measures which are adopted must be proportionate to the gravity of the facts.
… (Art. 214) - SpanishLos Estados de Excepción a que se refieren los artículos anteriores se someterán a las siguientes disposiciones:
…
2. No podrán suspenderse los derechos humanos ni las libertades fundamentales. En todo caso se respetarán las reglas del derecho internacional humanitario. Una ley estatutaria regulará las facultades del Gobierno durante los estados de excepción y establecerá los controles judiciales y las garantías para proteger los derechos, de conformidad con los tratados internacionales. Las medidas que se adopten deberán ser proporcionales a la gravedad de los hechos.
… (Art. 214)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Iraq
- EnglishEvery individual has the right to enjoy life, security and liberty. Deprivation or restriction of these rights is prohibited except in accordance with the law and based on a decision issued by a competent judicial authority. (Art. 15)
- Arabicلكل فردٍ الحق في الحياة والأمن والحرية، ولا يجوز الحرمان من هذه الحقوق أو تقييدها إلا وفقاً للقانون، وبناءً على قرارٍ صادرٍ من جهةٍ قضائيةٍ مختصة. (المادة 15)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Switzerland
- English1 Restrictions on fundamental rights must have a legal basis. Significant restrictions must have their basis in a federal act. The foregoing does not apply in cases of serious and immediate danger where no other course of action is possible.
2 Restrictions on fundamental rights must be justified in the public interest or for the protection of the fundamental rights of others.
3 Any restrictions on fundamental rights must be proportionate.
4 The essence of fundamental rights is sacrosanct. (Art. 36) - French1 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être fondée sur une base légale. Les restrictions graves doivent être prévues par une loi. Les cas de danger sérieux, direct et imminent sont réservés.
2 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être justifiée par un intérêt public ou par la protection d’un droit fondamental d’autrui.
3 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être proportionnée au but visé.
4 L’essence des droits fondamentaux est inviolable. (Art. 36) - German1 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten bedürfen einer gesetzlichen Grundlage. Schwerwiegende Einschränkungen müssen im Gesetz selbst vorgesehen sein. Ausgenommen sind Fälle ernster, unmittelbarer und nicht anders abwendbarer Gefahr.
2 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten müssen durch ein öffentliches Interesse oder durch den Schutz von Grundrechten Dritter gerechtfertigt sein.
3 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten müssen verhältnismässig sein.
4 Der Kerngehalt der Grundrechte ist unantastbar. (Art. 36) - Italian1 Le restrizioni dei diritti fondamentali devono avere una base legale. Se gravi, devono essere previste dalla legge medesima. Sono eccettuate le restrizioni ordinate in caso di pericolo grave, immediato e non altrimenti evitabile.
2 Le restrizioni dei diritti fondamentali devono essere giustificate da un interesse pubblico o dalla protezione di diritti fondamentali altrui.
3 Esse devono essere proporzionate allo scopo.
4 I diritti fondamentali sono intangibili nella loro essenza. (Art. 36)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Ecuador
- English…
Culture cannot be used as an excuse when infringing rights recognized in the Constitution. (Art. 21) - Spanish…
No se podrá invocar la cultura cuando se atente contra los derechos reconocidos en la Constitución. (Art. 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Malaysia
- English(1) If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof is threatened, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency making therein a declaration to that effect.
…
(5) Subject to Clause (6a), while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution make laws with respect to any matter, if it appears to Parliament that the law is required by reason of the emergency; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such a law or an amendment to such a Bill, nor shall any provision of this Constitution or of any written law which requires any consent or concurrence to the passing of a law or any consultation with respect thereto, or which restricts the coming into force of a law after it is passed or the presentation of a Bill to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his assent.
(6) Subject to Clause (6a), no provision of any ordinance promulgated under this Article, and no provision of any Act of Parliament which is passed while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force and which declares that the law appears to Parliament to be required by reason of the emergency, shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Constitution.
(6a) Clause (5) shall not extend the powers of Parliament with respect to any matter of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays, or with respect to any matter of native law or customs in the State of Sabah or Sarawak; nor shall Clause (6) validate any provision inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution relating to any such matter or relating to religion, citizenship, or language.
… (Art. 150) - Malay(1) Jika Yang di-Pertuan Agong berpuas hati bahawa suatu darurat besar sedang berlaku yang menyebabkan keselamatan, atau kehidupan ekonomi, atau ketenteraman awam di dalam Persekutuan atau mana-mana bahagiannya terancam, maka Yang di-Pertuan Agong boleh mengeluarkan suatu Proklamasi Darurat dengan membuat dalamnya suatu perisytiharan yang bermaksud sedemikian.
…
(5) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa, Parlimen boleh, walau apa pun apa-apa jua dalam Perlembagaan ini, membuat undang-undang mengenai apa-apa perkara, jika didapati oleh Parlimen bahawa undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat itu; dan Perkara 79 tidaklah terpakai bagi suatu Rang Undang-Undang untuk sesuatu undang-undang yang sedemikian atau bagi sesuatu pindaan kepada sesuatu Rang Undang-Undang yang sedemikian, dan juga tidaklah terpakai mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau peruntukan mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang menghendaki apa-apa keizinan atau persetujuan bagi meluluskan sesuatu undang-undang atau apa-apa rundingan mengenainya atau yang menyekat permulaan kuat kuasa sesuatu undang-undang selepas undang-undang itu diluluskan atau yang menyekat Rang Undang-Undang daripada dipersembahkan kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong untuk diperkenankan olehnya.
(6) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), tiada peruntukan mana-mana ordinan yang dimasyhurkan di bawah Perkara ini, dan tiada peruntukan mana-mana Akta Parlimen yang diluluskan semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa dan yang mengisytiharkan bahawa didapati oleh Parlimen undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat, boleh menjadi tidak sah atas alasan ketidakselarasan dengan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini.
(6A) Fasal (5) tidak boleh memperluas kuasa Parlimen mengenai apa-apa perkara hukum Syarak atau adat Melayu atau mengenai apa-apa perkara undang-undang atau adat anak negeri di Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak; dan juga Fasal (6) tidak boleh menjadikan sah mana-mana peruntukan yang tidak selaras dengan peruntukan Perlembagaan ini yang berhubungan dengan apa-apa perkara sedemikian atau berhubungan dengan agama, kewarganegaraan, atau bahasa.
… (Perkara 150)