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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English(1) There shall be a status known as citizen of Singapore.
(2) The status of a citizen of Singapore may be acquired —
(a) by birth;
(b) by descent;
(c) by registration or, before the commencement of this Constitution, by enrolment; or
(d) by naturalisation. (Art. 120)
Citizenship and Nationality
Vanuatu
- English1. The Republic of Vanuatu recognises dual citizenship.
2. A person who is a citizen of Vanuatu or of a state other than Vanuatu may be granted dual citizenship.
3. For the purposes of protecting the national sovereignty of Vanuatu, a holder of dual citizenship must not:
a. hold or serve in any public office; and
b. be involved in Vanuatu politics; and
c. fund activities that would cause political instability in Vanuatu; and
d. affiliate with or form any political parties in Vanuatu;
e. stand as a candidate and vote at any of the following elections:
i. general election for Members to Parliament; and
ii. provincial election for members to a Provincial Government Council; and
iii. municipal election for members to a Municipal Council.
4. To avoid doubt, subarticle (3) does not apply to an indigenous citizen or a person who has gained Vanuatu citizenship by naturalisation, who hold dual citizenship.
5. Parliament may prescribe:
a. the requirements to be met by categories of persons applying for dual citizenship; or
b. the privileges to be accorded to any category of persons who are holders of dual citizenship. (Art. 13) - French1) La République de Vanuatu reconnaît la double nationalité.
2) Une personne qui est citoyenne de Vanuatu ou d’un état autre que Vanuatu peut obtenir la double nationalité.
3) Aux fins de protéger la souveraineté de Vanuatu, un détenteur de la double nationalité ne doit pas:
a) occuper une fonction publique;
b) s’engager dans la politique de Vanuatu;
c) financer des activités qui causeraient de l’instabilité politique à Vanuatu;
d) s’affilier à ou créer tout parti politique à Vanuatu;
e) se présenter et voter aux élections suivantes:
i) les élections législatives;
ii) les élections des conseillers provinciaux; et
iii) les élections des conseillers municipaux.
4) Pour éviter le doute, le paragraphe 3) ne s’applique pas à un citoyen indigène ou à une personne ayant obtenu la nationalité par naturalisation qui détient la double nationalité.
5) Le Parlement peut établir
a) les conditions auxquelles doivent répondre une personne demandant la double nationalité; ou
b) les privilèges à accorder aux catégories de personnes détenant la double nationalité. (Art. 13)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- English1. Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 8 of this Constitution, a person born legitimately outside The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 whose mother is a citizen of The Bahamas shall be entitled, upon making application on his attaining the age of eighteen years and before he attains the age of twenty-one years, in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that if he is a citizen of some country other than The Bahamas he shall not be entitled to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this Article unless he renounces his citizenship of that other country, takes the oath of allegiance and makes and registers such declaration of his intentions concerning residence as may be prescribed.
2. Where a person cannot renounce his citizenship of some other country under the law of that country, he may instead make such declaration concerning that citizenship as may be prescribed.
3. Any application for registration under this Article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Uruguay
- EnglishNationality is not lost even by naturalization in another country, it being sufficient for the purpose of retaining the rights of citizenship merely to take up residence in the Republic and register in the Civil Register.
Legal citizenship is lost by any other form of subsequent naturalization. (Art. 81) - SpanishLa nacionalidad no se pierde ni aun por naturalizarse en otro país, bastando simplemente, para recuperar el ejercicio de los derechos de ciudadanía, avecinarse en la República e inscribirse en el Registro Cívico.
La ciudadanía legal se pierde por cualquier otra forma de naturalización ulterior. (Art. 81)
Citizenship and Nationality
Timor-Leste
- English1. There shall be original citizenship and acquired citizenship in the Democratic Republic of East Timor.
2. The following citizens shall be considered original citizens of East Timor, as long as they are born in the national territory:
a) Children of father or mother born in East Timor;
b) Children of incognito parents, stateless parents or parents of unknown nationality;
c) Children of a foreign father or mother who, being over seventeen years old, declare their will to become East Timorese nationals.
3. Irrespective of being born in a foreign country, children of a Timorese father or mother shall be considered original citizens of East Timor.
a) Children of an East Timorese father or mother living overseas;
b) Children of an East Timorese father or mother serving the State outside the country;
4. Acquisition, loss and reacquisition of citizenship, as well as its registration and proof, shall be regulated by law. (Sec. 3) - Tetum1. Iha Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste nia laran iha sidadania nanis no sidadania husun.
2. Sidadaun nanis Timór-Leste nian maka ema ne’ebé moris nanis iha rai nasionál laran:
a) oan sira-ne’ebé aman ka inan moris iha Timór-Leste;
b) oan sira-ne’ebé inan-aman laiha, nasionalidade eh rai moris-fatin lahatene;
c) oan sira-ne’ebé aman ka inan ema raiseluk, ne’ebé idade liu ona tinan sanulu resin hitu, no sira rasik hili sai timoroan;
3. Sidadaun nanis Timór-Leste nian mós sira-ne’ebé, biar moris iha rai-liur, sira-nia aman ka inan, timoroan.
4. Lei-oan mak sei regula kona-ba akizisaun, lakon no hetan filafali sidadania, nune’e mós sidadaun sira-nia rejistu no prova. (Art. 3) - Portuguese1. Na República Democrática de Timor-Leste existe cidadania originária e cidadania adquirida.
2. São cidadãos originários de Timor-Leste, desde que tenham nascido em território nacional:
a) Os filhos de pai ou mãe nascidos em Timor-Leste;
b) Os filhos de pais incógnitos, apátridas ou de nacionalidade desconhecida;
c) Os filhos de pai ou mãe estrangeiros que, sendo maiores de dezassete anos, declarem, por si, querer ser timorenses.
3. São cidadãos originários de Timor-Leste, ainda que nascidos em território estrangeiro, os filhos de pai ou mãe timorenses.
4. A aquisição, perda e reaquisição de cidadania, bem como o seu registo e prova, são regulados por lei. (Art. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Chad
- EnglishThe conditions of acquisition and of loss of Chadian nationality are established by the law. (Art. 11)
- Arabicيحدد القانون شروط اكتساب وفقدان الجنسية التشادية. (المادة 11)
- FrenchLes conditions d'acquisition et de perte de la nationalité tchadienne sont fixées par la loi. (Art. 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belize
- English(1) The following persons may, upon making application at any time after Independence Day, be registered as citizens of Belize-
(a) any person who is married to a citizen of Belize;
(b) any person who has been resident continuously in Belize for a period of five years immediately before the date of his application.
(2) The National Assembly shall prescribe by law the procedure for making and determining applications, and the conditions to be fulfilled by persons making applications, for registration under this section.
… (Sec. 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cambodia
- EnglishKhmer citizen shall not be deprived of his/her nationality, …
The acquisition of Khmer nationality shall be determined by law. (Art. 33) - Khmerប្រជាពលរដ្ឋខ្មែរ មិនអាចត្រូវបានដកសញ្ជាតិ។ ...
ការទទួលសញ្ជាតិខ្មែរត្រូវកំណត់ក្នុងច្បាប់។ (មាត្រា ៣៣)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belarus
- English…
No one may be deprived of citizenship of the Republic of Belarus or the right to change his citizenship.
…
Acquisition and loss of the citizenship shall be carried out in accordance with the law. (Article 10) - Belarusian...
Ніхто не можа быць пазбаўлены грамадзянства Рэспублікі Беларусь або права змяніць грамадзянства.
...
Набыццё і страта грамадзянства ажыццяўляюцца ў адпаведнасці з законам. (Артыкул 10) - Russian…
Никто не может быть лишен гражданства Республики Беларусь или права изменить гражданство.
…
Приобретение и утрата гражданства осуществляются в соответствии с законом. (Статья 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Eswatini
- English(1) A person born in or outside Eswatini before the commencement of this Constitution shall be a citizen of Eswatini by operation of law if at the birth of that person one of the parents was a citizen of Eswatini.… (Sec. 42)