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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishWomen’s participation in the various management and decision-making processes, whether private, public or state, shall be encouraged and facilitated by laws enacted for that purpose or otherwise. (Art. 29)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
The Mayor, the Vice Mayor, and the Concejales [Aldermen] will be elected by the People through universal, equal, direct, free, and secret suffrage, in accordance with the law. Those candidates who have obtained the relative majority of the votes will be elected Mayor and Vice Mayor, the Concejales will be elected by proportional representation, in accordance with the electoral quotient. The term [periodo] of the municipal authorities will be of five years, counted from the taking possession of the office before the Supreme Electoral Council.
The binomial [binomio] Mayor and Vice Mayor must be formulated under the principle of equality of gender in the exercise of the Local Power, being that one of them must be a woman and the other, [a] man, keeping the proportionality between both genders. The political parties and electoral alliances must present in their list of candidates for Mayor, Vice Mayor and Concejales, fifty percent of men and fifty percent of women.
... (Art. 178) - Spanish
El Alcalde, el Vicealcalde y los Concejales serán elegidos por el pueblo mediante el sufragio universal, igual, directo, libre y secreto, de conformidad con la ley. Serán electos Alcalde y Vicealcalde los candidatos que tengan la mayoría relativa de los votos, los Concejales serán electos por representación proporcional, de acuerdo con el cociente electoral. El período de las autoridades municipales será de cinco años, contados a partir de la toma de posesión del cargo ante el Consejo Supremo Electoral.
El binomio de Alcalde y Vicealcalde debe formularse bajo el principio de igualdad y equidad de género en el ejercicio del Poder Local, siendo que uno de ellos debe ser mujer y el otro, hombre, guardando la proporcionalidad entre ambos géneros. Los partidos políticos y alianzas electorales deberán presentar en su lista de candidatos a Alcalde, Vicealcalde y Concejales, un cincuenta por ciento de hombres y un cincuenta por ciento de mujeres.
... (Art. 178)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate shall convene, respectively, a special session for the purpose of electing the members of the Expert Commission. This Commission shall be composed of 24 individuals. The Commission shall propose to the Constitutional Council a draft proposal for a new Constitution, and perform other functions established by this Constitution. Its composition shall be gender-balanced.
...
The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies shall elect an equal number of men and women, respectively.
... (Art. 145) - Spanish
La Cámara de Diputados y el Senado convocarán, respectivamente, a sesión especial con el objeto de elegir a los miembros de la Comisión Experta. Dicha Comisión estará compuesta por 24 personas. Esta Comisión deberá proponer al Consejo Constitucional un anteproyecto de propuesta de nueva Constitución, y realizar las demás funciones que esta Constitución le fije. Su integración será paritaria.
...
El Senado y la Cámara de Diputados deberán elegir el mismo número de hombres y mujeres, respectivamente.
... (Art. 145)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Any woman who on 29th November is or has been married to a person—
(a) who becomes a citizen of Barbados by virtue of section 2; or
(b) who, having died before 30th November 1966, would but for his death have become a citizen of Barbados by virtue of that section, shall be entitled, upon making application, and, if she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Barbados.
(2) Any person who is a Commonwealth citizen (otherwise than by virtue of being a citizen of Barbados) and who—
(a) has been ordinarily resident in Barbados continuously for a period of seven years or more at any time before 30th November 1966; and
(b) has not, since such period of residence in Barbados and before that date, been ordinarily resident outside Barbados continuously for a period of seven years or more, shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as a citizen of Barbados.
(3) Any woman who on 29th November 1966 is or has been married to a person who subsequently becomes a citizen of Barbados by registration under subsection (2) shall be entitled, upon making application, and, if she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Barbados.
(4) Any application for registration under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application: Provided that such an application may not be made by a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years and is not a woman who is or has been married, but shall be made on behalf of that person by a parent or guardian of that person.
(5) The right to be registered as a citizen of Barbados under this section shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Sec. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe law will establish the norms concerning the acquisition, recovery and options of nationality, as well as concerning the suspension of the citizenship.
… (Art. 154) - SpanishLa ley establecerá las normas sobre adquisición, recuperación y opción de la nacionalidad, así como sobre la suspensión de la ciudadanía.
… (Art. 154)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishEvery person born in Guyana after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Guyana at the date of his or her birth:
Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Guyana by virtue of this article if at the time of his or her birth -
(a) his or her father or his or her mother possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Guyana and neither of them is a citizen of Guyana; or
(b) his or her father or his or her mother is an enemy alien and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by the enemy. (Art. 43)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English[The following] are Costa Ricans by naturalization:
1. The ones who have acquired this nationality by virtue of previous laws.
2. The nationals of other countries of Central American, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans by birth, who have officially resided in the country for five years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
3. The Central Americans, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans that are not so by birth, and the other foreigners who have officially resided in the country for seven years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
4. The foreign woman who by contracting marriage with a Costa Rican loses her nationality.
5. The foreign persons who by marring Costa Ricans lose their nationality or that after being married two years to Costa Ricans, and residing for that same time period in the country, manifest their desire to acquire the Costa Rican nationality.
6. Whoever holds honorary nationality granted by the Legislative Assembly. (Art. 14) - SpanishSon costarricenses por naturalización:
1) Los que hayan adquirido esta nacionalidad en virtud de leyes anteriores.
2) Los nacionales de otros países de Centroamérica, los españoles y los iberoamericanos por nacimiento que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante cinco años y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
3) Los centroamericanos, los españoles y los iberoamericanos que no lo sean por nacimiento y los demás extranjeros que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante siete años como mínimo y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
4) La mujer extranjera que al contraer matrimonio con costarricense pierde su nacionalidad.
5) Las personas extranjeras que al casarse con costarricenses pierdan su nacionalidad o que luego de haber estado casadas dos años con costarricenses, y de residir por ese mismo período en el país, manifiesten su deseo de adquirir la nacionalidad costarricense.
6) Quienes ostenten la nacionalidad honorífica otorgada por la Asamblea Legislativa. (Art. 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe Venezuelan nationality is not lost upon electing or acquiring another nationality. (Art. 34)
- SpanishLa nacionalidad venezolana no se pierde al optar o adquirir otra nacionalidad. (Art. 34)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. A person may, in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter2, become a citizen of Jamaica by-
a. birth;
b. descent; or
c. registration as a citizen of Jamaica based on marriage to a citizen of Jamaica.
2. Parliament may make provision for the acquisition of citizenship of Jamaica by persons who do not become citizens of Jamaica by virtue of the provisions of this Chapter.
3. Subsection (1) shad not affect the right of any person who, before the 26th day of March, 1999, was entitled to Jamaican citizenship by virtue of any provision of the Constitution in force before that date. (Sec. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
No national may be deprived of their nationality. The status [calidad] of [being a] Nicaraguan national is not lost by the act of acquiring other nationality. (Art. 20)
- Spanish
Ningún nacional puede ser privado de su nacionalidad. La calidad de nacional nicaragüense no se pierde por el hecho de adquirir otra nacionalidad. (Art. 20)