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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishFrance shall form with its overseas peoples a Union founded upon equal rights and duties, without distinction of race or religion. (1946 Preamble, Sec. 16)
- FrenchLa France forme avec les peuples d'outre-mer une Union fondée sur l'égalité des droits et des devoirs, sans distinction de race ni de religion. (Préambule 1946, Sec. 16)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
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(2) Propagation of ethnic, regional, racial discrimination or any other form of division is punished by law. (Art. 37) - Kinyarwanda
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(2) Kwamamaza ivangura rishingiye ku isanomuzi, ku karere, ku bwoko cyangwa ku macakubiri ayo ari yo yose bihanwa n’amategeko. (Ingingo ya 37) - French
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(2) Toute propagande à caractère ethnique, régionaliste, raciste ou basée sur toute autre forme de division est punie par la loi. (Art. 37)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishIt shall be the duty of every citizen of India—
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(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
… (Art. 51A) - Hindiभारत के प्रत्येक नागरिक का यह कर्तव्य होगा कि वह—
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(ड.) भारत के सभी लोगों में समरसता और समान भ्रातृत्व की भावना का निर्माण करे जो धर्म, भाषा और प्रदेश या वर्ग पर आधारित सभी भेदभाव से परे हो; ऐसी प्रथाओं को त्याग करे जो स्त्रियों के सम्मान के विरुद्ध है;
… (अनुच्छेद 51क)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4),(5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(2) Subject to the provisions of subsections (6),(7) and (8) of this section, no persons shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any persons acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, color or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such descriptions are not made subject or are recorded privileges of advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law do far as that law makes provision-
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c. for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law of persons of that description;
d. whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage that, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
(5) Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) of this section to the extent that it makes provision with respect to standards or qualifications (not being standards or qualifications specifically relating to sex, race, place or origin, political opinions, color or creed) to be required of any person who is appointed to or to act in any office or employment.
(6) Subsection (2) of this section shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorized to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (4) or subsection (5) of this section.
(7) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by sections 7,9,10,11 add 12 if this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorized by section 7(2), section 9(5)m section 10(2)m section 11(2) or paragraph (a), (b) or (h) of section 12(3), as the case may be.
(8) Nothing in subsection (2) of this section shall affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law. (Sec. 13)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-articles (4), (5) and (7) of this article, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-articles (6), (7) and (8) of this article, no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(3) In this article, the expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Sub-article (1) of this article shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision –
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(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, dissolution of marriage, burial, devolution of property on death or any matters of personal law not hereinbefore specified; or
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(e) for authorising the taking during a period of public emergency of measures that are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists during that period of public emergency;
Provided that paragraph (c) of this sub-article shall not apply to any law which makes any provision that is discriminatory, either of itself or in its effect by affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective description by sex.
(5) Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of sub-article (1) of this article to the extent that it makes provision:
(a) with respect to qualifications for service or conditions of service in any disciplined force; or
(b) with respect to qualifications (not being qualifications specifically relating to sex, sexual orientation or gender identity) for service as a public officer or for service of a local government authority or a body corporate established for public purposes by any law.
(6) Sub-article (2) of this article shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorised to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in sub-article (4) or (5) of this article.
(7) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this article to the extent that the law in question makes provision (not being provisions specifically relating to sex) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in sub-article (3) of this article may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by articles 38, 40, 41, 42 and 44 of this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorised by article 38(2), 40(2), 41(2), 42(2) or 44(3).
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(10) Until the expiration of a period of two years commencing on the 1st July, 1991, nothing contained in any law made before the 1st July, 1991, shall be held to be inconsistent with the provisions of this article, in so far as that law provides for different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective description by sex.
(11) Nothing in the provisions of this article shall apply to any law or anything done under the authority of a law, or to any procedure or arrangement, in so far as such law, thing done, procedure or arrangement provides for the taking of special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women, and in so far only as such measures, taking into account the social fabric of Malta, are shown to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. (Art. 45) - Maltese(1) Bla ħsara għad-disposizzjonijiet tas-subartikoli (4), (5) u (7) ta’ dan l-artikolu, ebda liġi ma għandha tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha.
(2) Bla ħsara għad-disposizzjonijiet tas-subartikoli (6), (7) u (8) ta’ dan l-artikolu, ħadd ma għandu jiġi trattat b’mod diskriminatorju minn xi persuna li taġixxi bis-saħħa ta’ xi liġi miktuba jew fil-qadi tal-funzjonijiet ta’ xi kariga pubblika jew xi awtorità pubblika.
(3) F’dan l-artikolu, il-kelma "diskriminatorju" tfisser għoti ta’ trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom rispettiva skont ir-razza, post ta’ oriġini, opinjonijiet politiċi, kulur, fidi, sess, orjentazzjoni sesswali jew identità tal-ġeneru li minħabba fihom persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni waħda bħal dawn ikunu suġġetti għal inkapaċitajiet jew restrizzjonijiet li persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn ma jkunux suġġetti għalihom jew ikunu mogħtija privileġġi jew vantaġġi li ma jkunux mogħtija lil persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn.
(4) Is-subartikolu (1) ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jgħodd għal xi liġi safejn dik il-liġi tipprovdi –
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(ċ) dwar adozzjoni, żwieġ, xoljiment ta’ żwieġ, dfin, devoluzzjoni ta’ proprjetà mal-mewt jew xi ħwejjeġ ta’ liġi personali mhux hawn qabel speċifikati; jew
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(e) għall-awtorizzazzjoni tat-teħid matul perijodu ta’ emerġenza pubblika ta’ miżuri li jkunu raġonevolment ġustifikabbli sabiex tiġi milqugħa s-sitwazzjoni li tkun teżisti matul dak il-perijodu ta’ emerġenza pubblika:
Iżda l-paragrafu (ċ) ta’ dan is-subartikolu ma għandux japplika għal xi liġi li tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha, billi tagħti trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom skont is-sess.
(5) Ebda ħaġa li jkun hemm f’xi liġi ma għandha titqies li tkun inkonsistenti ma’ jew bi ksur tas-subartikolu (1) ta’ dan l-artikolu sa fejn tipprovdi:
(a) dwar kwalifiki għal servizz u kundizzjonijiet ta’ servizz f’xi korp dixxiplinat; jew
(b) dwar kwalifiki (li ma jkunux kwalifiki li jirrigwardaw is-sess, l-orjentazzjoni sesswali jew l-identità tal-ġeneru speċifikament) għal servizz bħala uffiċjal pubbliku jew għas-servizz ta’ awtorità ta’ gvern lokali jew għaqda korporata mwaqqfa għal skopijiet pubbliċi b’xi liġi.
(6) Is-subartikolu (2) ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jgħodd għal xi ħaġa li tkun espressament jew b’implikazzjoni meħtieġa awtorizzata li ssir minn xi disposizzjoni bħal dik ta’ liġi kif huwa msemmi fis-subartikolu (4) jew (5) ta’ dan l-artikolu.
(7) Ebda ħaġa li tkun hemm jew li tkun magħmula bl-awtorità ta’ xi liġi ma għandha titqies li tkun inkonsistenti ma jew bi ksur ta’ dan l-artikolu safejn il-liġi in kwistjoni tagħmel provvediment (li ma jkunux provvedimenti li jirrigwardaw is-sess speċifikatament) li bih persuni ta’ xi deskrizzjoni bħal dik kif hija msemmija fis-subartikolu (3) ta’ dan l-artikolu jistgħu jiġu assoġġettati għal xi restrizzjoni fuq drittijiet u libertajiet garantiti bl-artikoli 38, 40, 41, 42 u 44 ta’ din il-Kostituzzjoni, li tkun restrizzjoni bħal dik kif awtorizzata bl-artikolu 38(2), 40(2), 41(2), 42(2) jew 44(3).
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(10) Sa tmiem ta’ perjodu ta’ sentejn li jibda fl-1 ta’ Lulju, 1991, ebda ħaġa li hemm f’xi liġi magħmula qabel l-1 ta’ Lulju, 1991, ma titqies li tkun inkonsistenti mad-disposizzjonijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu, billi dik il-liġi tkun tipprovdi għal trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom rispettiva skont is-sess.
(11) Ebda ħaġa fid-disposizzjonijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandha tgħodd għal xi liġi, jew għal xi ħaġa magħmula taħt l-awtorità ta’ xi liġi, jew għal xi proċedura jew arranġament, sa fejn dik il-liġi, ħaġa magħmula, proċedura jew arranġament jipprovdu għat-tehid ta’ miżuri speċjali bil-għan li tiġi aċċellerata l-ugwaljanza de facto bejn irġiel u nisa, u sa fejn biss dawk il-miżuri, meħud kont tat-tessut soċjali ta’ Malta, ikunu murija li huma raġjonevolment ġustifikati f’soċjetà demokratika. (Art. 45)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
Khmer citizens are equal before the law, enjoying the same rights, liberties and duties regardless of race, color, sex, language, beliefs, religions, political tendencies, birth origin, social status, wealth or other situations. … (Art. 31) - Khmer...
ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋខ្មែរមានភាពស្មើគ្នាចំពោះមុខច្បាប់ មានសិទ្ធិ សេរីភាព និងករណីយកិច្ចដូចគ្នាទាំងអស់ ដោយឥតប្រកាន់ពូជសាសន៍ ពណ៌សម្បុរ ភេទ ភាសា ជំនឿសាសនា និន្នាការនយោបាយ ដើមកំណើតជាតិ ឋានៈសង្គម ធនធាន ឬសា្ថនភាពឯទៀតឡើយ។ ... (មាត្រា ៣១)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. All persons are equal before the law, the administration and justice and are entitled to equal protection thereof and treatment thereby.
2. Every person shall enjoy all the rights and liberties provided for in this Constitution without any direct or indirect discrimination against any person on the ground of his community, race, religion, language, sex, political or other convictions, national or social descent, birth, colour, wealth, social class, or on any ground whatsoever, unless there is express provision to the contrary in this Constitution.
… (Art. 28) - Greek1. Πάντες είναι ίσοι ενώπιον του νόμου, της διοικήσεως και της δικαιοσύνης και δικαιούνται να τύχωσι ίσης προστασίας και μεταχειρίσεως.
2. Έκαστος απολαύει πάντων των δικαιωμάτων και των ελευθεριών των προβλεπομένων υπό του Συντάγματος άνευ ουδεμιάς δυσμενούς διακρίσεως αμέσου ή εμμέσου εις βάρος οιουδήποτε ατόμου ένεκα της κοινότητος, της φυλής, του χρώματος, της θρησκείας, της γλώσσης, του φύλου, των πολιτικών ή άλλων πεποιθήσεων, της εθνικής ή κοινωνικής καταγωγής, της γεννήσεως, του πλούτου, της κοινωνικής τάξεως αυτού ή ένεκα οιουδήποτε άλλου λόγου, εκτός εάν διά ρητής διατάξεως του Συντάγματος ορίζηται το αντίθετον.
… (Αρθρον 28) - Turkish1. Her şahıs; kanun, idare ve adalet karşısında eşittir ve bunlar tarafından eşit olarak korunma ve muamele görme hakkına sahiptir.
2. Her şahıs, bu Anayasada gösterilen bütün hak ve hürriyetlerden, Anayasada açıkça aksine bir hüküm bulunmadıkça cemaat, ırk, din, dil, cinsiyet, siyasi veya diğer inançlar, ulusal veya sosyal köken, doğuş, renk, servet, sosyal sınıf veya diğer herhangi bir sebeple doğrudan veya dolaylı bir ayrım yapılmaksızın faydalanır.
... (Madde 28)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishWe, the People of South Sudan, …
Recalling our long and heroic struggle for justice, freedom, equality and dignity in South Sudan; …
Determined to lay the foundation for a united, peaceful and prosperous society based on justice, equality, respect for human rights and the rule of law;
Committed to establishing a decentralized democratic multi-party system of governance in which power shall be peacefully transferred and to upholding values of human dignity and equal rights and duties of men and women;
… (Preamble)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe State shall preserve the pillars of society and shall guarantee security, tranquillity and equal opportunity to all citizens. (Art. 8)
- Arabicتصون الدولة دعامات المجتمع، وتكفل الأمن والطمأنينة وتكافؤ الفرص للمواطنين. (المادّة 8)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe main objectives of state policy in the economic, social, and cultural spheres shall be:
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4. To promote factual equality between women and men;
… (Art. 86) - ArmenianՏնտեսական, սոցիալական և մշակութային ոլորտներում պետության քաղաքականության հիմնական նպատակներն են`
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4) կանանց և տղամարդկանց միջև փաստացի հավասարության խթանումը.
… (Հոդված 86)