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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall decide on the following:
1) Conformity of laws with the Constitution and confirmed and published international agreements;
2) Conformity of other regulations and general acts with the Constitution and the law;
3) Constitutional appeal due to the violation of human rights and liberties granted by the Constitution, after all other efficient legal remedies have been exhausted;
4) Whether the President of Montenegro has violated the Constitution,
5) The conflict of responsibilities between courts and other state authorities, between state authorities and local self-government authorities, and between the authorities of the local self-government units;
6) Prohibition of work of a political party or a non-governmental organization;
7) Electoral disputes and disputes related to the referendum, which are not the responsibility of other courts;
8) Conformity with the Constitution of the measures and actions of state authorities taken during the state of war or the state of emergency;
9) Performs other tasks stipulated by the Constitution.
If the regulation ceased to be valid during the procedure for the assessment of constitutionality and legality, and the consequences of its enforcement have not been recovered, the Constitutional Court shall establish whether that regulation was in conformity with the Constitution, that is, with the law during its period of validity.
The Constitutional Court shall monitor the enforcement of constitutionality and legality and shall inform the Parliament about the noted cases of unconstitutionality and illegality. (Art. 149) - MontenegrinUstavni sud odlučuje:
1) o saglasnosti zakona sa Ustavom i potvrđenim i objavljenim međuna-rodnim ugovorima;
2) o saglasnosti drugih propisa i opštih akata sa Ustavom i zakonom;
3) o ustavnoj žalbi zbog povrede ljudskih prava i sloboda zajamčenih Ustavom, nakon iscrpljivanja svih djelotvornih pravnih sredstava;
4) da li je predsjednik Crne Gore povrijedio Ustav;
5) o sukobu nadležnosti između sudova i drugih državnih organa, između državnih organa i organa jedinica lokalne samouprave i između organa jedinica lokalne samouprave;
6) o zabrani rada političke partije ili nevladine organizacije;
7) o izbornim sporovima i sporovima u vezi sa referendumom koji nijesu u nadležnosti drugih sudova;
8) o saglasnosti sa Ustavom mjera i radnji državnih organa preduzetih za vrijeme ratnog i vanrednog stanja;
9) vrši i druge poslove utvrđene Ustavom.
Ako je u toku postupka za ocjenu ustavnosti i zakonitosti propis prestao da važi, a nijesu otklonjene posljedice njegove primjene, Ustavni sud utvrđuje da li je taj propis bio saglasan sa Ustavom, odnosno sa zakonom za vrijeme njegovog važenja.
Ustavni sud prati ostvarivanje ustavnosti i zakonitosti i o uočenim pojavama neustavnosti i nezakonitosti obavještava Skupštinu. (Član 149)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
III. Constitutional justice is imparted by the Pluri-National Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional).
… (Art. 179) - Spanish…
III. La justicia constitucional se ejerce por el Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional.
… (Art. 179)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court takes cognizance of the recourses for interpretation of the Constitution on being referred to [the matter] by the President of the Republic, by the Government, by the President of the Senate, by the President of the National Assembly, by one-tenth of the members of each of the parliamentary Chambers, by the provincial Governors and by the Presidents of the Provincial Assemblies.
It resolves disputes concerning the presidential and legislative elections as well [concerning the] referendum.
It takes cognizance of the conflicts of competence between the Executive Power and the Legislative Power as well as between the State and the Provinces.
It takes cognizance of the recourses against the orders rendered by the Court of Cassation and the Council of State, only insofar as it decides on the attribution of the litigation to the jurisdiction of the judicial order or [to the] administrative [order]. This recourse is only receivable if a denial of jurisdiction has been raised by or before the Court of Cassation or the Council of State.
The modalities and the effects of the recourses referred to in the preceding paragraphs are determined by the law. (Art. 161) - FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle connaît des recours en interprétation de la Constitution sur saisine du Président de la République, du Gouvernement, du Président du Sénat, du Président de l’Assemblée nationale, d’un dixième des membres de chacune des Chambres parlementaires, des Gouverneurs de province et des présidents des Assemblées provinciales.
Elle juge du contentieux des élections présidentielles et législatives ainsi que du référendum.
Elle connaît des conflits de compétences entre le Pouvoir exécutif et le Pouvoir législatif ainsi qu’entre l’Etat et les provinces.
Elle connaît des recours contre les arrêts rendus par la Cour de cassation et le Conseil d’Etat, uniquement en tant qu’ils se prononcent sur l’attribution du litige aux juridictions de l’ordre judiciaire ou administratif. Ce recours n’est recevable que si un déclinatoire de juridiction a été soulevé par ou devant la Cour de cassation ou le Conseil d’Etat.
Les modalités et les effets des recours visés aux alinéas précédents sont déterminés par la loi. (Art. 161)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court has the competence to consider unconstitutionality and illegality, in accordance with Articles 277 et sequitur.
2. The Constitutional Court also has the competences:
a) To verify the death and declare the permanent physical incapacity of the President of the Republic, and to verify cases in which he is temporarily prevented from exercising his functions;
b) To verify loss of the office of President of the Republic in the cases provided for in Article 129(3) and Article 130(3);
c) As the court of final instance, to judge the proper observance and validity of electoral procedural acts, as laid down by law;
d) For the purposes of Article 124(3), to verify the death, and to declare the incapacity to exercise the function of President of the Republic, of any candidate therefore;
e) To verify the legality of the formation of political parties and coalitions thereof, to assess the legality of their names, initials and symbols, and to order their abolition, in accordance with the Constitution and the law;
f) To verify in advance the constitutionality and legality of national, regional and local referenda, including consideration of the requisites in relation to the respective universe of electors;
g) At the request of Members, as laid down by law, to judge appeals concerning losses of seat in, and elections conducted by, the Assembly of the Republic and the Legislative Assemblies of the autonomous regions;
h) To judge those actions involving challenges to elections to, and to decisions taken by, political party organs, which by law are subject to appeal.
3. The Constitutional Court also has the competence to exercise the other functions that are allocated to it by the Constitution and the law. (Art. 223) - Portuguese1. Compete ao Tribunal Constitucional apreciar a inconstitucionalidade e a ilegalidade, nos termos dos artigos 277.º e seguintes.
2. Compete também ao Tribunal Constitucional:
a) Verificar a morte e declarar a impossibilidade física permanente do Presidente da República, bem como verificar os impedimentos temporários do exercício das suas funções;
b) Verificar a perda do cargo de Presidente da República, nos casos previstos no n.º 3 do artigo 129.º e no n.º 3 do artigo 130.º;
c) Julgar em última instância a regularidade e a validade dos actos de processo eleitoral, nos termos da lei;
d) Verificar a morte e declarar a incapacidade para o exercício da função presidencial de qualquer candidato a Presidente da República, para efeitos do disposto no n.º 3 do artigo 124.º;
e) Verificar a legalidade da constituição de partidos políticos e suas coligações, bem como apreciar a legalidade das suas denominações, siglas e símbolos, e ordenar a respectiva extinção, nos termos da Constituição e da lei;
f) Verificar previamente a constitucionalidade e a legalidade dos referendos nacionais, regionais e locais, incluindo a apreciação dos requisitos relativos ao respectivo universo eleitoral; Julgar a requerimento dos Deputados, nos termos da lei, os recursos relativos à perda do mandato e às eleições realizadas na Assembleia da República e nas Assembleias Legislativas das regiões autónomas;
h) Julgar as acções de impugnação de eleições e deliberações de órgãos de partidos políticos que, nos termos da lei, sejam recorríveis.
3. Compete ainda ao Tribunal Constitucional exercer as demais funções que lhe sejam atribuídas pela Constituição e pela lei. (Art. 223)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThere shall be a Constitutional Court to guarantee the supremacy of the Constitution, the defense of the constitutional order and the protection of fundamental rights. Its decisions are definitive and irrevocable and constitute binding precedents for the public powers and all the organs of the State. It shall enjoy administrative and budgetary autonomy. (Art. 184)
- SpanishHabrá un Tribunal Constitucional para garantizar la supremacía de la Constitución, la defensa del orden constitucional y la protección de los derechos fundamentales. Sus decisiones son definitivas e irrevocables y constituyen precedentes vinculantes para los poderes públicos y todos los órganos del Estado. Gozará de autonomía administrativa y presupuestaria. (Art. 184)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Law shall determine the competent legal Authority to deal with the settlement of disputes in respect to the constitutionality of laws and regulations and shall determine this authority's jurisdiction and the procedure it shall follow.
The Law shall guarantee to both, the Government and those concerned, the right to challenge the constitutionality of laws and regulations before that Authority. … (Art. 173) - Arabicيعين القانون الجهة القضائية التي تختص بالفصل في المنازعات المتعلقة بدستورية القوانين واللوائح، ويبين صلاحياتها والإجراءات التي تتبعها.
ويكفل القانون حق كل من الحكومة وذوي الشأن في الطعن لدى تلك الجهة في دستورية القوانين واللوائح.
... (المادّة 173)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAny justiciable [person] may, by way of a process before an ordinary tribunal, raise a pleadings [exception] of constitutionality against a law or an ordinance which affects recognition [méconnaîtrait] of their fundamental rights.
The presiding judge refers the Constitutional Court to [the matter] by way of prejudicial pleadings.
… (Art. 86) - FrenchTout justiciable peut, à l'occasion d'un procès devant un tribunal ordinaire, soulever une exception d'inconstitutionnalité à l’encontre d'une loi ou d'une ordonnance qui méconnaîtrait ses droits fondamentaux.
Le juge du siège saisit la Cour Constitutionnelle par voie d'exception préjudicielle.
… (Art. 86)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on the conformity of
a) laws with the Constitution, constitutional laws and international treaties to which the National Council of the Slovak Republic has expressed its assent and which were ratified and promulgated in the manner laid down by a law,
b) government regulations, generally binding legal regulations of Ministries and other central state administration bodies with the Constitution, with constitutional laws, with international treaties to which the National Council of the Slovak Republic has expressed its assent and which were ratified and promulgated in the manner laid down by a law and with laws,
c) generally binding regulations pursuant to Art. 68, with the Constitution, with constitutional laws and with international treaties to which the National Council of the Slovak Republic has expressed its assent and which were ratified and promulgated in the manner laid down by a law, save another court shall decide on them,
d) generally binding legal regulations of the local bodies of state administration and generally binding regulations of the bodies of territorial self-administration pursuant to Art. 71 para. 2, with the Constitution, with constitutional laws, with international treaties promulgated in the manner laid down by a law, with laws, with government regulations and with generally binding legal regulations of Ministries and other central state administration bodies, save another court shall decide on them.
(2) If the Constitutional Court accepts the proposal for proceedings pursuant to paragraph 1, it can suspend the effect of challenged legal regulations, their parts, or some of their provisions, if fundamental rights and freedoms may be threatened by their further application, if there is a risk of serious economic damage or other serious irreparable consequence.
…
(4) The Constitutional Court shall not decide on conformity of a draft law or a proposal of other generally binding legal regulation with the Constitution, with an international treaty that was promulgated in the manner laid down by a law or with the constitutional law. The Constitutional Court shall not decide on the conformity of constitutional laws with the Constitution.
… (Art. 125) - Slovak
1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o súlade
a) zákonov s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi a s medzinárodnými zmluvami, s ktorými vyslovila súhlas Národná rada Slovenskej republiky a ktoré boli ratifikované a vyhlásené spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom,
b) nariadení vlády, všeobecne záväzných právnych predpisov ministerstiev a ostatných ústredných orgánov štátnej správy s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi, s medzinárodnými zmluvami, s ktorými vyslovila súhlas Národná rada Slovenskej republiky a ktoré boli ratifikované a vyhlásené spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom, a so zákonmi,
c) všeobecne záväzných nariadení podľa čl. 68 s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi, s medzinárodnými zmluvami, s ktorými vyslovila súhlas Národná rada Slovenskej republiky a ktoré boli ratifikované a vyhlásené spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom, a so zákonmi, ak o nich nerozhoduje iný súd,
d) všeobecne záväzných právnych predpisov miestnych orgánov štátnej správy a všeobecne záväzných nariadení orgánov územnej samosprávy podľa čl. 71 ods. 2 s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi, s medzinárodnými zmluvami vyhlásenými spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom, so zákonmi, s nariadeniami vlády a so všeobecne záväznými právnymi predpismi ministerstiev a ostatných ústredných orgánov štátnej správy, ak o nich nerozhoduje iný súd.
(2) Ak ústavný súd prijme návrh na konanie podľa odseku 1, môţe pozastaviť účinnosť napadnutých právnych predpisov, ich častí, prípadne niektorých ich ustanovení, ak ich ďalšie uplatňovanie môţe ohroziť základné práva a slobody, ak hrozí značná hospodárska škoda alebo iný váţny nenapraviteľný následok.
…
(4) Ústavný súd nerozhoduje o súlade návrhu zákona alebo návrhu iného vseobecne záväzného právneho predpisu s ústavou, s medzinárodnou zmluvou, ktorá bola vyhlásená sposobom ustanoveným zákonom, alebo s ústavným zákonom. Ústavný súd nerozhoduje ani o súlade ústavného zákona s ústavou.
… (Čl. 125)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sections 22(2), 39(8), 49(4), 56 and 108 of this Constitution, any person who alleges that any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I3) has been or is being contravened may, if he has a relevant interest, apply to the High Court for a declaration and for relief under this section.
(2) The High Court shall have jurisdiction on an application made under this section to determine whether any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I) has been or is being contravened and to make a declaration accordingly.
(3) Where the High Court makes a declaration under this section that a provision of this Constitution has been or is being contravened and the person on whose application the declaration is made has also applied for relief, the High Court may grant to that person such remedy as it considers appropriate, being a remedy available generally under the law of Grenada in proceedings in the High Court.
(4) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on the Court by or under this section, including provision with respect to the time within which any application under this section may be made.
(5) A person shall be regarded as having a relevant interest for the purpose of an application under this section only if the contravention of this Constitution alleged by him is such as to affect his interests.
(6) The right conferred on a person by this section to apply for a declaration and relief in respect of an alleged contravention of this Constitution shall be in addition to any other action in respect of the same matter that may be available to that person under any other enactment or any rule of law.
(7) Nothing in this section shall confer jurisdiction on the High Court to hear or determine any such question as is referred to in section 37 of this Constitution. (Sec. 101)