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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English...
I. The political parties are entities of public interest; … In the nomination [postulación] of their candidatures, the principle of parity of gender will be observed.
The political parties have as [their] objective ... to promote the principle of parity of gender, ... in accordance with the programs, principles and ideas they postulate and by way of universal, free, secret and direct suffrage, as well as the regulations that the electoral law specifies [marque] to guarantee the parity of gender, in candidatures to the different offices of popular election.
... (Art. 41) - Spanish…
I. Los partidos políticos son entidades de interés público; … En la postulación de sus candidaturas, se observará el principio de paridad de género.
Los partidos políticos tienen como fin ... fomentar el principio de paridad de género, ... de acuerdo con los programas, principios e ideas que postulan y mediante el sufragio universal, libre, secreto y directo, así como con las reglas que marque la ley electoral para garantizar la paridad de género, en las candidaturas a los distintos cargos de elección popular.
… (Art. 41)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
…
The law establishes the minimum percentages to make accessible the representation of gender, rural and native communities, and aboriginal [originarios] peoples in the Regional Councils. Equal treatment is applied for the municipal councils.
… (Art. 191) - Spanish
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La ley establece porcentajes mínimos para hacer accesible la representación de género, comunidades campesinas y nativas, y pueblos originarios en los Consejos Regionales. Igual tratamiento se aplica para los Concejos Municipales.
… (Art. 191)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English…
The judges of the National Court of Justice shall be elected by the Judiciary Council in conformity with a procedure entailing a competitive merit-based examination, subject to challenge and social monitoring. Parity between men and women shall be fostered. (Art. 183) - Spanish…
Las juezas y jueces de la Corte Nacional de Justicia serán elegidos por el Consejo de la Judicatura conforme a un procedimiento con concurso de oposición y méritos, impugnación y control social. Se propenderá a la paridad entre mujer y hombre. (Art. 183)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this article -
(a) no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect; and
(b) no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(2) In this article the expression ‘discriminatory’ means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their or their parents’ or guardians’ respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinion, colour, creed, age, disability, marital status, sex, gender, language, birth, social class, pregnancy, religion, conscience, belief or culture whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which other persons of the same or another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not afforded to persons of another such description.
(3) Paragraph (1)(a) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision -
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(c) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding paragraph may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable.
… (Art. 149)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
Nationals are:
1. Those born in the national territory. The children of foreigners in diplomatic service, those of foreign functionaries in the service of international organizations or those sent by their government to fulfill work in Nicaragua, are excepted[,] unless they opt for Nicaraguan nationality.
2. The children of a Nicaraguan father or mother.
3. Those born abroad of a father or mother who originally were Nicaraguan, if and when they solicit it[,] once reaching majority of age or emancipation.
4. The infants of unknown parents found in Nicaraguan territory, without prejudice to, [should] their filiation become known, effects that proceed.
5. The children of foreign parents born on board Nicaraguan aircraft or vessel, if they solicit it. (Art. 16) - Spanish
Son nacionales:
1) Los nacidos en el territorio nacional. Se exceptúan los hijos de extranjeros en servicio diplomático, los de funcionarios extranjeros al servicio de organizaciones internacionales o los de enviados por sus gobiernos a desempeñar trabajos en Nicaragua, a menos que optaren por la nacionalidad nicaragüense.
2) Los hijos de padre o madre nicaragüense.
3) Los nacidos en el extranjero de padre o madre que originalmente fueron nicaragüenses, siempre y cuando lo solicitaren después de alcanzar la mayoría de edad o emancipación.
4) Los infantes de padres desconocidos encontrados en territorio nicaragüense, sin perjuicio de que, conocida su filiación, surtan los efectos que proceden.
5) Los hijos de padres extranjeros nacidos a bordo de aeronaves y embarcaciones nicaragüenses, siempre que ellos lo solicitaren. (Art. 16)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) The following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens--
a. any woman who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
…
e. any woman who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or d. of this subsection or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was entitled to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
...
f. any woman who, before the commencement of this Constitution, has been married to a person—
i) who becomes a citizen by virtue of section 90 of this Constitution; or
ii) who, having died before such commencement, would but for his death have become a citizen by virtue of that section,
(2) The following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens—
a. any man who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
b. any person who, being a Commonwealth citizen, is and for seven years previous to his application has been ordinarily resident in Saint Vincent;
c. any man who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of subsection (1) of this section or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was entitled to apply to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
d. any person under the age of twenty-one years who is the stepchild or child adopted in a manner recognised by law of a citizen or is the child, stepchild or child so adopted of a person who is or would but for his death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under subsection (1) of this section:
Provided that if it is so provided by Parliament an application for registration as a citizen under this subsection may, in such circumstances as may be prescribed by Parliament in the interests of defence, public safety or public order, be refused by the Minister responsible for the matter in any case in which he is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for refusing the application.
(3) An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, as respects that application, by or under a law enacted by Parliament and, in the case of a person to whom subsection (2) (d) of this section applies, it shall be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian:
Provided that, if any such person is or has been married, he may make the application himself.
… (Sec. 93)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe international treaties will regulate the form and [the] conditions in which nationals of countries which do not form part of the Federal Republic of Central America retain their nationality; notwithstanding having acquired the Salvadoran [nationality] by naturalization, as long as the principle of reciprocity is respected. (Art. 93)
- SpanishLos tratados internacionales regularán la forma y condiciones en que los nacionales de países que no formaron parte de la República Federal de Centro América conserven su nacionalidad, no obstante haber adquirido la salvadoreña por naturalización, siempre que se respete el principio de reciprocidad. (Art. 93)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. If the Governor-General is satisfied that any citizen of The Bahamas has at any time after 9th July 1973 acquired by registration, naturalization or other voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any other country any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the Governor-General may by order deprive that person of his citizenship.
2. If the Governor-General is satisfied that any citizen of The Bahamas has at any time after 9th July 1973 voluntarily claimed and exercised in any other country any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the Governor-General may by order deprive that person of his citizenship. (Art. 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe Congress holds the faculty:
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XVI. To enact [dictar] laws concerning nationality, the juridical status [condición] of foreigners, citizenship, naturalization, ... (Art. 73) - SpanishEl Congreso tiene facultad:
...
XVI. Para dictar leyes sobre nacionalidad, condición jurídica de los extranjeros, ciudadanía, naturalización, ... (Art. 73)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishBolivian nationality is acquired by birth or by naturalization. Persons who are born in the territory of Bolivia are Bolivians by birth, with the exception of children of foreign personnel on diplomatic mission; persons born abroad of a Bolivian mother or father are Bolivians by birth. (Art. 141)
- SpanishI. La nacionalidad boliviana se adquiere por nacimiento o por naturalización. Son bolivianas y bolivianos por nacimiento, las personas nacidas en el territorio boliviano, con excepción de las hijas y los hijos de personal extranjero en misión diplomática; y las personas nacidas en el extranjero, de madre boliviana o de padre boliviano. (Art. 141)