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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English… All human beings are equal before the law. Men and Women are equal in right [droit].
The law promotes [favorise] the equal access of women and men to the mandates and functions. … (Art. 7) - French… Tous les êtres humains sont égaux devant la loi. Les hommes et les femmes sont égaux en droit.
La loi favorise l’égal accès des femmes et des hommes aux mandats et fonctions. ... (Art. 7)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English(1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
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(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
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(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category. (Art. 16) - Hindi(1) राज्य के अधीन किसी पद पर नियोजन या नियुक्ति से संबंधित विषयों में सभी नागरिकों के लिए अवसर की समता होगी।
(2) राज्य के अधीन किसी नियोजन या पद के संबंध में केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, उद्भव, जन्मस्थान, निवास या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर न तो कोई नागरिक अपात्र होगा और न उससे विभेद किया जाएगा।
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(4) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को पिछड़े हुए नागरिकों के किसी वर्ग के पक्ष में, जिनका प्रतिनिधित्व राज्य की राय में राज्य के अधीन सेवाओं में पर्याप्त नहीं है, नियुक्तियों या पदों के आरक्षण के लिए उपबंध करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी।
(4क) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को अनुसूचित जातियों और अनुसूचित जनजातियों के पक्ष में, जिनका प्रतिनिधित्व राज्य की राय में राज्य के अधीन सेवाओं में पर्याप्त नहीं है, राज्य के अधीन सेवाओं में किसी वर्ग या वर्गों के पदों पर, पारिणामिक ज्येष्ठता सहित, प्रोन्नति के मामलों में आरक्षण के लिए उपबंध करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी।
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(6) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को खंड (4) में उल्लिखित वर्गों के अतिरिक्त किन्हीं आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों के पक्ष में वर्तमान आरक्षण के अतिरिक्त और प्रत्येक श्रेणी में पदों के अधिकतम दस प्रतिशत के शर्ताधीन नियुक्तियों अथवा पदों में आरक्षण का कोई प्रावधान करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी। (अनुच्छेद 16)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English1. All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life and in every other respect and shall enjoy equal protection of the law.
2. Without prejudice to clause (l) of this article, a person shall not be discriminated against on the ground of sex, race, colour, ethnic origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, social or economic standing, political opinion or disability.
3. For the purposes of this article, “discriminate” means to give different treatment to different persons attributable only or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, colour, ethnic origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, social or economic standing, political opinion or disability.
4. Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from enacting laws that are necessary for-
a. implementing policies and programmes aimed at redressing social, economic, educational or other imbalance in society;
b. making such provision as is required or authorised to be made under this Constitution; or
… (Art. 21)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English...
2. Public authorities shall create the conditions in which the equality and the liberty of the individual may be real and effective. (Art. 6) - Catalan...
2. Els poders públics han de crear les condicions per tal que la igualtat i la llibertat dels individus siguin reals i efectives. (Art. 6)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English…
Actual equality of opportunities for men and women to elective and political party positions shall be guaranteed by means of positive actions in the regulation of political parties and in the electoral system. (Sec. 37) - Spanish…
La igualdad real de oportunidades entre varones y mujeres para el acceso a cargos electivos y partidarios se garantizará por acciones positivas en la regulación de los partidos políticos y en el régimen electoral. (Art. 37)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English…
2. In order to ensure the right to work, the state is charged with promoting:
…
b) Equal opportunities in the choice of profession or type of work, and the conditions needed to avoid the gender-based preclusion or limitation of access to any position, work or professional category;
… (Art. 58) - Portuguese…
2. Para assegurar o direito ao trabalho, incumbe ao Estado promover:
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b) A igualdade de oportunidades na escolha da profissão ou género de trabalho e condições para que não seja vedado ou limitado, em função do sexo, o acesso a quaisquer cargos, trabalho ou categorias profissionais;
... (Art. 58)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishThe State shall promote equality with respect to the representation of women and men in publicly appointed or elected office, in its executive and decision-making institutions, and political parties and movements. As for candidacies in multi-person elections, their participation shall be respected by rotation of power and sequencing.
The State shall adopt affirmative action measures to guarantee the participation of discriminated sectors. (Art. 65) - SpanishEl Estado promoverá la representación paritaria de mujeres y hombres en los cargos de nominación o designación de la función pública, en sus instancias de dirección y decisión, y en los partidos y movimientos políticos. En las candidaturas a las elecciones pluripersonales se respetará su participación alternada y secuencial.
El Estado adoptará medidas de acción afirmativa para garantizar la participación de los sectores discriminados. (Art. 65)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishThe requirements and procedures for designating public servants of the judiciary must involve a competitive merit-based examination, subject to challenge and social monitoring; parity between men and women shall be fostered.
… (Art. 176) - SpanishLos requisitos y procedimientos para designar servidoras y servidores judiciales deberán contemplar un concurso de oposición y méritos, impugnación y control social; se propenderá a la paridad entre mujeres y hombres.
… (Art. 176)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
Election to the President and the Vice-president under this Constitution shall be so made as to have representation of different sex or community. (Art. 70)
- Nepali
यस संविधान बमोजिम राष्ट्रपति र उपराष्ट्रपतिको निर्वाचन फरक फरक लिंग वा समुदायको प्रतिनिधित्व हुने गरी गर्नु पर्नेछ । (धारा ७०)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
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The law will establish the form and procedures through open contest for the composition of the jurisdictional organs, observing the principle of parity of gender.
... (Art. 94) - Spanish
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La ley establecerá la forma y procedimientos mediante concursos abiertos para la integración de los órganos jurisdiccionales, observando el principio de paridad de género.
… (Art. 94)