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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Belarus
- EnglishThe House of Representatives shall:
…
2) consider draft laws, including … on citizenship
… (Art. 97) - BelarusianПалата прадстаўнікоў:
…
2) разглядае праекты законаў, у тым ліку … аб грамадзянстве
… (Артыкул 97) - RussianПалата представителей:
…
2) рассматривает проекты законов, в том числе … о гражданстве
… (Статья 97)
Citizenship and Nationality
Lithuania
- EnglishCitizenship of the Republic of Lithuania shall be acquired by birth or on other grounds established by law.
With the exception of individual cases provided for by law, no one may be a citizen of both the Republic of Lithuania and another state at the same time.
The procedure for the acquisition and loss of citizenship shall be established by law. (Art. 12) - LithuanianLietuvos Respublikos pilietybė įgyjama gimstant ir kitais įstatymo nustatytais pagrindais.
Išskyrus įstatymo numatytus atskirus atvejus, niekas negali būti kartu Lietuvos Respublikos ir kitos valstybės pilietis.
Pilietybės įgijimo ir netekimo tvarką nustato įstatymas. (12 straipsnis)
Citizenship and Nationality
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- English(1) If while a person is a minor an application is made for his registration as a British citizen, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, cause him to be registered as such a citizen.
(2) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the requirements specified in subsection (3) or, in the case of a person born stateless, the requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of that subsection, are fulfilled in the case of either that person’s father or his mother (“the parent in question”).
(3) The requirements referred to in subsection (2) are—
(a) that the parent in question was a British citizen by descent at the time of the birth; and
(b)that the father or mother of the parent in question—
(i) was a British citizen otherwise than by descent at the time of the birth of the parent in question; or
(ii) became a British citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement, or would have become such a citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement but for his or her death; and
(c) that, as regards some period of three years ending with a date not later than the date of the birth—
(i) the parent in question was in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of that period; and
(ii) the number of days on which the parent in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270.
…
(5) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the following requirements are satisfied, namely—
(a) that at the time of that person’s birth his father or mother was a British citizen by descent; and
(b) subject to subsection (6), that that person and his father and mother were in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of the period of three years ending with the date of the application and that, in the case of each of them, the number of days on which the person in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270; and
(c) subject to subsection (6), that the consent of his father and mother to the registration has been signified in the prescribed manner.
(6) In the case of an application under subsection (5) for the registration of a person as a British citizen—
(a) if his father or mother died, or their marriage or civil partnership was terminated, on or before the date of the application, or his father and mother were legally separated on that date, the references to his father and mother in paragraph (b) of that subsection shall be read either as references to his father or as references to his mother; and
(b) if his father or mother died on or before that date, the reference to his father and mother in paragraph (c) of that subsection shall be read as a reference to either of them.
(British Nationality Act 1981, Sec. 3)3
Citizenship and Nationality
Hungary
- English(1) The child of a Hungarian citizen shall be a Hungarian citizen by birth. A cardinal Act may specify other instances of the origin or acquisition of Hungarian citizenship.
…
(3) No one shall be deprived of Hungarian citizenship established by birth or acquired in a lawful manner.
(4) The detailed rules for citizenship shall be laid down in a cardinal Act. (Foundation, Art. G) - Hungarian(1) Születésével a magyar állampolgár gyermeke magyar állampolgár. Sarkalatos törvény a magyar állam polgárság keletkezésének vagy megszerzésének más eseteit is meghatározhatja.
…
(3) Senkit nem lehet születéssel keletkezett vagy jogszerűen szerzett magyar állampolgárságától megfosztani.
(4) Az állampolgárságra vonatkozó részletes szabályokat sarkalatos törvény határozza meg. (Alapvetés, G) cikk)
Citizenship and Nationality
Poland
- EnglishThe President of the Republic shall grant Polish citizenship and shall give consent for renunciation of Polish citizenship. (Art. 137)
- PolishPrezydent Rzeczypospolitej nadaje obywatelstwo polskie i wyraża zgodę na zrzeczenie się obywatelstwa polskiego. (Art. 137)
Citizenship and Nationality
Germany
- English(1) The Federation shall have exclusive legislative power with respect to:
…
2. citizenship in the Federation;
… (Art. 73) - German(1) Der Bund hat die ausschließliche Gesetzgebung über:
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2. die Staatsangehörigkeit im Bunde;
… (Art. 73)
Citizenship and Nationality
Russian Federation
- EnglishThe Russian Federation shall have jurisdiction over:
…
c. ... citizenship in the Russian Federation,
... (Art. 71) - RussianВ ведении Российской Федерации находятся:
…
в) ... гражданство в Российской Федерации;
... (Статья 71)
Citizenship and Nationality
Monaco
- EnglishThe circumstances in which Monegasque nationality may be acquired are laid down by law. The circumstances in which a person who has acquired Monegasque nationality by naturalization may be deprived of it are laid down in the law.
Loss of Monegasque nationality in any other circumstance may occur only, as prescribed by law, further to the intentional acquisition of another nationality or of service unlawfully carried out in a foreign army. (Art. 18) - FrenchLa loi règle les modes d'acquisition de la nationalité. La loi règle les conditions dans lesquelles la nationalité acquise par naturalisation peut-être retirée.
La perte de la nationalité monégasque dans tous les autres cas ne peut être prévue par la loi qu'en raison de l'acquisition volontaire d'une autre nationalité ou du service illégitimement accompli dans une armée étrangère. (Art 18)
Citizenship and Nationality
Sweden
- English...
No Swedish citizen who is domiciled in the Realm or who has previously been domiciled in the Realm may be deprived of his or her citizenship. It may however be prescribed that children under the age of eighteen shall have the same nationality as their parents or as one parent. (Instrument of Government, Chapter 2, Art. 7) - Swedish...
Ingen svensk medborgare som är eller har varit bosatt i riket får fråntas sitt medborgarskap. Det får dock föreskrivas att barn under arton år i fråga om sitt medborgarskap ska följa föräldrarna eller en av dem. (Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, 2 kap, 7§)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- English…
7. There shall be a citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to be regulated by the Parliamentary Assembly, and a citizenship of each Entity, to be regulated by each Entity, provided that:
a) All citizens of either Entity are thereby citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
b) No person shall be deprived of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Entity citizenship arbitrarily or so as to leave him or her stateless. No person shall be deprived of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Entity citizenship on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
c) All persons who were citizens of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina immediately prior to the entry into force of this Constitution are citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The citizenship of persons who were naturalized after April 6, 1992 and before the entry into force of this Constitution will be regulated by the Parliamentary Assembly.
d) Citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina may hold the citizenship of another state, provided that there is a bilateral agreement, approved by the Parliamentary Assembly in accordance with Article IV(4)(d), between Bosnia and Herzegovina and that state governing this matter. Persons with dual citizenship may vote in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Entities only if Bosnia and Herzegovina is their country of residence.
… (Art. I) - Bosnian…
7. Postoji državljanstvo Bosne i Hercegovine, koje reguliše Parlamentarna skupština, i državljanstvo svakog entiteta koje regulišu sami entiteti, pod uslovom da:
a) Svi državljani bilo kojeg entiteta su, samim tim, državljani Bosne i Hercegovine.
b) Nijedno lice ne može biti arbitrarno lišeno državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili državljanstva entiteta, ili na drugi način ostavljeno bez državljanstva. Niko ne može biti lišen državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili entiteta, po bilo kojem osnovu kao što je pol, rasa, boja, jezik, vjera, političko ili drugo mišljenje, nacionalno ili socijalno porijeklo, povezanost sa nacionalnom manjinom, imovina, rođenje ili bilo koji drugi status.
c) Sva lica koja su bila državljani Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, neposredno prije stupanja na snagu ovog Ustava, su državljani Bosne i Hercegovine. Državljanstvo lica koja su naturalizovana poslije 6.4.1992. godine, a prije stupanja na snagu ovog Ustava, regulisaće Parlamentarna skupština.
d) Državljani Bosne i Hercegovine mogu imati državljanstvo druge države, pod uslovom da postoji bilateralni ugovor između Bosne i Hercegovine i te države kojim se to pitanje uređuje, a koji je odobrila Parlamentarna skupština u skladu sa članom IV, stav 4, tačka (d). Lica sa dvojnim državljanstvom mogu glasati u Bosni i Hercegovini i u entitetima samo ako je Bosna i Hercegovina država njihovog prebivališta.
… (Član I) - Croatian…
7. Postoji državljanstvo Bosne i Hercegovine, koje uređuje Parlamentarna skupština, i državljanstvo svakog entiteta, koje uređuje svaki entitet, pod uvjetom da:
a) Svi državljani nekog entiteta su, samim tim, državljani Bosne i Hercegovine.
b) Ni jedna osoba ne može samovoljno biti lišena državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili državljanstva entiteta, ili na drugi način ostavljena bez državljanstva. Nitko ne može biti lišen državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili entiteta, iz bilo kojeg razloga kao što su spol, rasa, boja, jezik, vjera, političko ili drugo uvjerenje, nacionalno ili društveno podrijetlo, vezivanje za neku nacionalnu manjinu, imovina, rođenje ili drugi status.
c) Sve osobe koje su bile državljani Republike Bosne i Hercegovine neposredno prije stupanja na snagu ovoga Ustava, državljani su Bosne i Hercegovine. Državljanstvo osoba koje su naturalizirane poslije 6. travnja 1992. godine, a prije stupanja na snagu ovog Ustava, uredit će Parlamentarna skupština.
d) Državljani Bosne i Hercegovine mogu imati državljanstvo neke druge države, pod uvjetom da postoji bilateralni sporazum između Bosne i Hercegovine i te države kojim se to pitanje uređuje, a koji je odobrila Parlamentarna skupštine sukladno članku IV, stavak 4, točka (d). Osobe s dvojnim državljanstvom mogu glasovati u Bosni i Hercegovini i u entitetima samo ako je Bosna i Hercegovina zemlja njihova prebivanja.
… (Članak I) - Serbian…
7. Постоји држављанство Босне и Херцеговине, које регулише Парламентарна скупштина, и држављанство сваког ентитета, које регулише сваки ентитет, под условом:
а) Да су сви држављани сваког ентитета самим тим и држављани Босне и Херцеговине,
б) Да се ниједном лицу не може самовољно одузети држављанство Босне и Херцеговине или ентитета нити га се на други начин оставити без држављанства. Ниједно лице не може бити лишено држављанства Босне и Херцеговине по било којој основи, као што је пол, раса, боја, језик, вјероисповијест, политичко или друго мишљење, национално или социјално поријекло, повезаност са националном мањином, имовина, рођење или неки други статуси.
ц) Сва лица која су била држављани Републике Босне и Херцеговине непосредно прије ступања на снагу овога Устава, су држављани Босне и Херцеговине. Држављанство лица која су натурализована послије 6. априла 1992, а прије ступања на снагу овог Устава, регулисаће Парламентарна скупштина.
д) Држављани Босне и Херцеговине могу имати држављанство друге државе, под условом да постоји билатерални споразум између Босне и Херцеговине и те државе којим се то питање уређује, а који је одобрила Парламентарна скупштина у складу са чланом IV, став 4, тачка (д). Лица са двојним држављанством могу гласати у Босни и Херцеговини и ентитетима само ако имају пребивалиште у Босни и Херцеговини.
… (Члан I)