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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The High Court—
…
(c) may decide constitutional matters except those that only the Constitutional Court may decide;
… (Sec. 171)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The constitutionality of Acts of Parliament and treaties shall not be reviewed by the courts. (Art. 120)
- Dutch
De rechter treedt niet in de beoordeling van de grondwettigheid van wetten en verdragen. (Art. 120)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is charged with the control of the constitutionality of the laws and of the acts having the force of law.
The organic laws, before their promulgation, and the Internal Regulations of the parliamentary Chambers and of the Congress, of the Independent National Electoral Commission as well as of the Superior Council for Audiovisual and Communication, before their entry into application, must be submitted to the Constitutional Court which rules on their conformity with the Constitution.
For the same end of examining [the] constitutionality, the laws may be referred to the Constitutional Court, before their promulgation, by the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, the President of the National Assembly, the President of the Senate or a tenth of the Deputies or of the Senators.
… (Art. 160) - FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est chargée du contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois et des actes ayant force de loi.
Les lois organiques, avant leur promulgation, et les Règlements intérieurs des Chambres parlementaires et du Congrès, de la Commission électorale nationale indépendante ainsi que du Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel et de la communication, avant leur mise en application, doivent être soumis à la Cour constitutionnelle qui se prononce sur leur conformité à la Constitution.
Aux mêmes fins d’examen de la constitutionnalité, les lois peuvent être déférées à la Cour constitutionnelle, avant leur promulgation, par le Président de la République, le Premier ministre, le Président de l’Assemblée nationale, le Président du Sénat ou le dixième des députés ou des sénateurs.
… (Art. 160)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A-
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court. (Art. 133) - Hindi(1) भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में किसी उच्च न्यायालय की सिविल कार्यवाही में दिए गए किसी निर्णय, डिक्री या अंतिम आदेश की अपील उच्चतम न्यायालय में होगी यदि उच्च न्यायालय अनुच्छेद 134क के अधीन प्रमाणित कर देता है कि-
(क) उस मामले में विधि का व्यापक महत्व का कोई सारवान प्रश्न अंतर्वलित है; और
(ख) उच्च न्यायालय की राय में उस प्रश्न का उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा विनिश्चय आवश्यक है।
(2) अनुच्छेद 132 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी, उच्चतम न्यायालय में खंड (1) के अधीन अपील करने वाला कोई पक्षकार ऐसी अपील के आधारों में यह आधार भी बता सकेगा कि इस संविधान के निर्वचन के बारे में विधि के किसी सारवान प्रश्न का विनिश्चय गलत किया गया है।
(3) इस अनुच्छेद में किसी बात के होते हुए भी, उच्च न्यायालय के एक न्यायाधीश के निर्णय, डिक्री या अंतिम आदेश की अपील उच्चतम न्यायालय में तब तक नहीं होगी जब तक संसद विधि द्वारा अन्यथा उपबंध न करे। (अनुच्छेद 133)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishI. The Pluri-National Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional) assures the supremacy of the Constitution, exercises constitutional control, and safeguards respect for and enforcement of constitutional rights and guarantees.
II. As criteria to be applied in its interpretive role, the Pluri-National Constitutional Court shall give preference to the intent of the constituent assembly as demonstrated in its documents, acts and resolutions, as well as the literal tenor of the text. (Art. 196) - SpanishI. El Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional vela por la supremacía de la Constitución, ejerce el control de constitucionalidad, y precautela el respeto y la vigencia de los derechos y las garantías constitucionales.
II. En su función interpretativa, el Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional aplicará como criterio de interpretación, con preferencia, la voluntad del constituyente, de acuerdo con sus documentos, actas y resoluciones, así como el tenor literal del texto. (Art. 196)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Appeal may be made to the Constitutional Court against court decisions:
a) That refuse the application of any norm on the grounds of its unconstitutionality;
b) That apply a norm whose unconstitutionality has been raised during the proceedings.
2. Appeal may also be made to the Constitutional Court against court decisions:
a) That refuse the application of a norm contained in a legislative act, on the grounds that it is illegal because it is in breach of a law which possesses superior legal force;
b) That refuse the application of a norm contained in a regional legislative act, on the grounds that it is illegal because it is in breach of the autonomous region's statute;
c) That refuse the application of a norm contained in a legislative act issued by an entity that exercises sovereignty, on the grounds that it is illegal because it is in breach of an autonomous region's statute;
d) That apply any norm whose illegality on any of the grounds referred to in subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) has been raised during the proceedings.
3. When the norm whose application has been refused is contained in an international convention, a legislative act or a regulatory decree, the Public Prosecutors' Office shall obligatorily lodge the appeal provided for in paragraph (1)(a) or 2(a).
4. The appeals provided for in paragraphs (1)(b) and (2)(d) may only be lodged by the party that raised the question of unconstitutionality or illegality, and the law must regulate the regime governing the admission of such appeals.
5. Appeal may also be made to the Constitutional Court, and the Public Prosecutors' Office shall obligatorily lodge such appeals, against court decisions that apply norms which the Constitutional Court itself has previously held unconstitutional or illegal.
6. Appeals to the Constitutional Court are restricted to the question of unconstitutionality or illegality, as appropriate. (Art. 280) - Portuguese1. Cabe recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de qualquer norma com fundamento na sua inconstitucionalidade;
b) Que apliquem norma cuja inconstitucionalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo.
2. Cabe igualmente recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de acto legislativo com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação da lei com valor reforçado;
b) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma regional com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação do estatuto da região autónoma;
c) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma emanado de um órgão de soberania com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação do estatuto de uma região autónoma;
d) Que apliquem norma cuja ilegalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo com qualquer dos fundamentos referidos nas alíneas a), b) e c).
3. Quando a norma cuja aplicação tiver sido recusada constar de convenção internacional, de acto legislativo ou de decreto regulamentar, os recursos previstos na alínea a) do n.º 1 e na alínea a) do n.º 2 são obrigatórios para o Ministério Público.
4. Os recursos previstos na alínea b) do n.º 1 e na alínea d) do n.º 2 só podem ser interpostos pela parte que haja suscitado a questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, devendo a lei regular o regime de admissão desses recursos.
5. Cabe ainda recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional, obrigatório para o Ministério Público, das decisões dos tribunais que apliquem norma anteriormente julgada inconstitucional ou ilegal pelo próprio Tribunal Constitucional.
6. Os recursos para o Tribunal Constitucional são restritos à questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, conforme os casos. (Art. 280)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The legitimate organs to interpose recourses of unconstitutionality are:
a) The President of the Republic-Head of State.
b) The Vice President of the Republic and the Prime Minister.
c) The Chamber of the Deputies and the Senate with a qualified majority of the three-fourths part of their members.
d) The Attorney General of the Republic.
2. Any natural person or [person] having cause, that invokes a legitimate interest[,] can interpose [the] recourse of amparo. (Art. 102) - Spanish1. Los órganos legítimos para interponer recursos de inconstitucionalidad son:
a) El Presidente de la República-Jefe de Estado.
b) El Vice-Presidente de la República y el Primer Ministro.
c) La Cámara de los Diputados y el Senado en una mayoría cualificada de las tres cuartas partes de sus miembros.
d) El Fiscal General de la República.
2. Puede interponer recurso de amparo, toda persona natural o causa-habiente que invoque un interés legítimo. (Art. 102) - French1. Les organes ayant légitimement le droit d'introduire des demandes d'inconstitutionnalité sont :
a) Le Président de la République-Chef de l'État.
b) Le Vice-président de la République et le Premier ministre.
c) La Chambre des députés et le Sénat, avec une majorité qualifiée des trois-quarts de leurs membres.
d) Le Procureur général de la République.
2. Toute personne physique ou personne fondée à invoquer un intérêt légitime a le droit d'introduire une demande de protection. (Art. 102)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. A court shall not have the right to apply a legal and regulatory act which is in contradiction with the present Constitution.
2. In the event that during examination of a case in any judicial instance, there arises a question concerning the constitutionality of the law or other legal and regulatory act on which ruling of the case shall be based, the court shall send an inquiry to the constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court. (Art. 101) - Russian1. Суд не вправе применять нормативный правовой акт, противоречащий настоящей Конституции.
2. Если при рассмотрении дела в любой судебной инстанции возник вопрос о конституционности закона или иного нормативного правового акта, от которого зависит решение дела, суд направляет запрос в Конституционную палату Верховного суда. (Статья 101) - Kyrgyz1. Сот ушул Конституцияга каршы келген ченемдик укуктук актыны колдонууга укуксуз.
2. Эгерде ар кандай сот инстанциясында ишти кароодо иштин чечилиши көз каранды болгон мыйзамдын же башка ченемдик укуктук актынын конституциялуулугу жөнүндө маселе келип чыкса, анда сот Жогорку соттун Конституциялык палатасына суроо-талапты жиберет. (101-берене)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall be responsible for knowing in sole instance:
1. Direct actions of unconstitutionality against the laws, decrees, rules, resolutions and ordinances at the instance of the President of the Republic, of one third of the members of the Senate or of the Chamber of Deputies and any person with legitimate and juridically protected interest.
2. The preventative control of international treaties before their ratification by the legislative organ.
3. Conflicts of responsibility between the public powers at the instance of one of their heads.
4. Any other matter that the law provides. (Art. 185) - SpanishEl Tribunal Constitucional será competente para conocer en única instancia:
1) Las acciones directas de inconstitucionalidad contra las leyes, decretos, reglamentos, resoluciones y ordenanzas, a instancia del Presidente de la República, de una tercera parte de los miembros del Senado o de la Cámara de Diputados y de cualquier persona con interés legítimo y jurídicamente protegido;
2) El control preventivo de los tratados internacionales antes de su ratificación por el órgano legislativo;
3) Los conflictos de competencia entre los poderes públicos, a instancia de uno de sus titulares;
4) Cualquier otra materia que disponga la ley. (Art. 185)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on whether the subject of a referendum to be declared upon a petition of citizens or a resolution of the National Council of the Slovak Republic according to Art. 95, para. 1 is in conformity with the Constitution or constitutional law.
(2) The proposal for a decision according to paragraph 1 may be submitted to the Constitutional Court by the President of the Slovak Republic prior to declaring a referendum, if he or she has doubts on whether the subject of referendum, which is to be declared upon a petition of citizens or a resolution of the National Council of the Slovak Republic according to Art. 95 para. 1 is in conformity with the Constitution or a constitutional law.
… (Art. 125b) - Slovak
(1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o tom, či predmet referenda, ktoré sa má vyhlásiť na základe petície občanov alebo uznesenia Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky podľa čl. 95 ods. 1, je v súlade s ústavou alebo s ústavným zákonom.
(2) Návrh na rozhodnutie podľa odseku 1 môţe podať ústavnému súdu prezident Slovenskej republiky pred vyhlásením referenda, ak má pochybnosti, či predmet referenda, ktoré sa má vyhlásiť na základe petície občanov alebo uznesenia Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky podľa čl. 95 ods. 1, je v súlade s ústavou alebo s ústavným zákonom.
… (Čl. 125b)