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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. No restrictions or limitations may be placed on the exercise of any rights and freedoms provided for in this Constitution other than those prescribed by law, which are reasonable, recognized by international human rights standards and necessary in an open and democratic society.
2. Laws prescribing restrictions or limitations shall not negate the essential content of the right or freedom in question, and shall be of general application.
3. Expropriation of property shall be permissible only when done for public utility and only when there has been adequate notification and appropriate compensation, provided that there shall always be a right to appeal to a court of law.
4. Wherever it is stated in this Constitution that a person has the right to the services of a legal practitioner or medical practitioner of his or her own choice, that right shall be without limitation, save where the State is obliged to provide such services of a legal practitioner or medical practitioner, in which case an Act of Parliament may prescribe that the choice of the legal practitioner or medical practitioner should be limited to those in Government service or employment. (Sec. 44)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
the following provisions of this Chapter8 shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to the rights and freedoms of persons as set out in those provisions, to the extent that those rights and freedoms do not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others.
2. Subject to sections 18 and 49, and to subsections (9) and (12) of this section, and save only as may be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society
a. this Chapter guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in subsections (3) and (6) of this section and in sections 14, 15, 16 and 17; and
b. Parliament shall pass no law and no organ of the State shall take any action which abrogates, abridges or infringes those rights.
…
9. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (3)(f) of this section and sections 14 and 16(3), to the extent that the law authorizes the taking, in relation to persons detained or whose freedom of movement has been restricted by virtue of that law, of measures that are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists during a period of public emergency or public disaster.
… (Sec. 13)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
2. The law may only restrict rights, freedoms and guarantees in cases expressly provided for in the Constitution, and such restrictions must be limited to those needed to safeguard other constitutionally protected rights and interests.
3. Laws that restrict rights, freedoms and guarantees must have a general and abstract nature and may not have a retroactive effect or reduce the extent or scope of the essential content of the constitutional precepts. (Art. 18) - Portuguese…
2. A lei só pode restringir os direitos, liberdades e garantias nos casos expressamente previstos na Constituição, devendo as restrições limitar-se ao necessário para salvaguardar outros direitos ou interesses constitucionalmente protegidos.
3. As leis restritivas de direitos, liberdades e garantias têm de revestir carácter geral e abstracto e não podem ter efeito retroactivo nem diminuir a extensão e o alcance do conteúdo essencial dos preceitos constitucionais. (Art. 18)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
Whereas every person in Saint Christopher and Nevis is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms, that is to say, the right, whatever his or her race, place of origin, birth, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest,
…
the provisions of this Chapter5 shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to those rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of those rights and freedoms by any person does not impair the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest. (Sec. 3)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) While a Proclamation of Emergency declaring that the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by war or by external aggression is in operation, nothing in article 19 shall restrict the power of the State as defined in Part III6 to make any law or to take any executive action which the State would but for the provisions contained in that Part be competent to make or to take, but any law so made shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect as soon as the Proclamation ceases to operate, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the law so ceases to have effect:
… (Art. 358) - Hindi(1) जब युद्ध या बाह्य आक्रमण के कारण भारत या उसके राज्यक्षेत्र के किसी भाग की सुरक्षा के संकट में होने की घोषणा करने वाली आपात की उद्घोषणा प्रवर्तन में है तब अनुच्छेद 19 की कोई बात भाग III में यथा परिभाषित राज्य की कोई ऐसी विधि बनाने की या कोई ऐसी कार्यपालिका कार्रवाई करने की शक्ति को, जिसे वह राज्य उस भाग में अंतर्विष्ट उपबंधों के अभाव में बनाने या करने के लिए सक्षम होता, निर्बंधित नहीं करेगी, किन्तु इस प्रकार बनाई गई कोई विधि उद्घोषणा के प्रवर्तन में न रहने पर अक्षमता की मात्रा तक उन बातों के सिवाय तुरंत प्रभावहीन हो जाएगी, जिन्हें विधि के इस प्रकार प्रभावहीन होने के पहले किया गया है या करने का लोप किया गया है:
… (अनुच्छेद 358)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishNo one is entitled to exercise his rights in a way injurious to others or detrimental to public interests. (Art. 40)
- Persianهیچکس نمیتواند اعمال حق خویش را وسیله اضرار به غیر یا تجاوز به منافع عمومی قرار دهد. (اصل 40)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe limitations referred to in Article 20 may be imposed only to satisfy a purpose acceptable in a democratic society. The limitation must never go beyond what is necessary with regard to the purpose which occasioned it, nor may it be carried so far as to constitute a threat to the free shaping of opinion as one of the fundaments of democracy. No limitation may be imposed solely on grounds of a political, religious, cultural or other such opinion. (Instrument of Government, Chapter 2, Art. 21)
- SwedishBegränsningar enligt 20 § får göras endast för att tillgodose ändamål som är godtagbara i ett demokratiskt samhälle. Begränsningen får aldrig gå utöver vad som är nödvändigt med hänsyn till det ändamål som har föranlett den och inte heller sträcka sig så långt att den utgör ett hot mot den fria åsiktsbildningen såsom en av folkstyrelsens grundvalar. Begränsningen får inte göras enbart på grund av politisk, religiös, kulturell eller annan sådan åskådning. (Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, 2 kap, 21§)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The rights enshrined in this Constitution shall not exclude any that might be specified in the laws or in the rules of international Laws.
2. The precepts relative to fundamental rights shall be interpreted in harmony with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (Art. 18) - Portuguese1. Os direitos consagrados nesta Constituição não excluem quaisquer que sejam previstos nas leis ou em regras de Direitos internacionais.
2. Os preceitos relativos a direitos fundamentais são interpretados de harmonia com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. (Art. 18)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishA human being shall be free to do all that does not violate the rights of others and does not contradict the Constitution and laws. No one may bear obligations that are not stipulated by law. (Art. 39)
- ArmenianՄարդն ազատ է անելու այն ամենը, ինչը չի խախտում այլոց իրավունքները և չի հակասում Սահմանադրությանը և օրենքներին: Ոչ ոք չի կարող կրել պարտականություններ, որոնք սահմանված չեն օրենքով: (Հոդված 39)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
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The basic issues need the consent of two-thirds of the Government members, as specified in the decree of its formation. The following are basic issues: Amending the Constitution, declaring and canceling the state of emergency, war and peace, public mobilization, international accords and treaties, state budget, overall development plans, and long term, appointing employees of the first cadre and its equivalent, reconsidering the redistricting, dissolving the Chamber of Deputies, elections law, nationality law, personal affairs laws, dismissing the Ministers. (Art. 65) - Arabic
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القضايا الأساسية تحتاج إلى موافقة ثلثي أعضاء الحكومة ، على النحو المحدد في مرسوم تشكيلها. فيما يلي القضايا الأساسية: تعديل الدستور ، وإعلان وإلغاء حالة الطوارئ ، والحرب والسلام ، والتعبئة العامة ، والاتفاقيات والمعاهدات الدولية ، وميزانية الدولة ، وخطط التنمية الشاملة ، وطويلة الأجل ، وتعيين موظفين من الكادر الأول وما يعادله وإعادة النظر في إعادة تقسيم وحل مجلس النواب وقانون الانتخابات وقانون الجنسية وقوانين الأحوال الشخصية وعزل الوزراء. (المادة 65)