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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Where a person alleges that a provision of this Constitution on the fundamental human rights and freedoms has been, or is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him, then, without prejudice to any other action that is lawfully available, that person may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court may, under clause (1) of this article, issue such directions or orders or writs including writs or orders in the nature of habeas corpus, certiorari, mandamus, prohibition, and quo warranto as it may consider appropriate for the purposes of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions on the fundamental human rights and freedoms to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled.
(3) A person aggrieved by a determination of the High Court may appeal to the Court of Appeal with the right of a further appeal to the Supreme Court.
… (Art. 33)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishPreventive measures can be ordered either jointly or independently of the constitutional actions for the protection of rights, for the purpose of avoiding or ceasing the violation or threat of violation of a right. (Art. 87)
- SpanishSe podrán ordenar medidas cautelares conjunta o Independientemente de las acciones constitucionales de protección de derechos, con el objeto de evitar o hacer cesar la violación o amenaza de violación de un derecho. (Art. 87)
Judicial Protection
- English…
(3) The following basic rights shall bind the legislature, the executive and the judiciary as directly applicable law. (Art. 1) - German…
(3) Die nachfolgenden Grundrechte binden Gesetzgebung, vollziehende Gewalt und Rechtsprechung als unmittelbar geltendes Recht. (Art. 1)
Judicial Protection
- English...
2. Any person who claims that a right or freedom guaranteed by this Constitution has been infringed or threatened shall be entitled—
a. to make application to a competent court to enforce or protect such a right or freedom;
…
3. Where a court referred to in subsection (2)(a) finds that rights or freedoms conferred by this Constitution have been unlawfully denied or violated, it shall have the power to make any orders that are necessary and appropriate to secure the enjoyment of those rights and freedoms and where a court finds that a threat exists to such rights or freedoms, it shall have the power to make any orders necessary and appropriate to prevent those rights and freedoms from being unlawfully denied or violated.
4. A court referred to in subsection (2)(a) shall have the power to award compensation to any person whose rights or freedoms have been unlawfully denied or violated where it considers it to be appropriate in the circumstances of a particular case.
... (Sec. 46)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) An appeal to the Court of Appeal shall lie as of right from decisions of the High Court in the following cases, that is to say -
…
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by article 153 (which relates to the enforcement of fundamental rights and freedoms).
… (Art. 133)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEveryone shall have the right of recourse to international institutions for the protection of own rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution. (Art. 56)
- MontenegrinSvako ima pravo obraćanja međunarodnim organizacijama radi zaštite svojih prava i sloboda zajemčenih Ustavom. (Član 56)
Judicial Protection
- English…
(6) The judicial powers vested in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this section –
…
(b) shall extend, to all matters between persons, or between government or authority and to any persons in Nigeria, and to all actions and proceedings relating thereto, for the determination of any question as to the civil rights and obligations of that person;
… (Sec. 6)
Judicial Protection
- English
The following recourses and mechanisms of constitutional control are also established:
1) The Recourse of Habeas Data as guarantee of protection [tutela] of personal data established [asentados] in archives, registers, databases or other technical means, of public or private nature, whose publicity constitutes [an] invasion of personal privacy and has relevance to the treatment of sensitive data of the persons in their intimate and familiar domain [ámbito]. The Recourse of Habeas Data proceeds in favor of any person to know in what circumstances, to what ends, when, and who makes contact with their personal data and its improper [indebida] publicity.
2) The conflict of competence and constitutionality between the Powers of the State. The representatives of the Powers of the State will promote the conflict of competence and constitutionality when they consider that a law, decree or regulation, act, resolution or provision of another organ [órgano], invades the domain of their privative constitutional competences.
3) The control of constitutionality in [a] concrete case as incidental mechanism of control. When in a case submitted to the cognizance of [a] judicial authority, it considers that a norm on whose validity the decision [fallo] depends is contrary to the Constitution, it must proceed to declare its unconstitutionality for that specific [en concreto] case. The parties in the process may solicit the unconstitutionality of a norm that is being applied to the case. The judicial authority must pronounce itself on the point, accepting [acogiendo] or rejecting the claim [pretensión].
4) The conflicts of constitutionality between the Central Government and the Municipal Governments and [Governments] of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast.
The Law of Constitutional Justice will regulate the recourses and mechanism established in this chapter.4 (Art. 190) - Spanish
Se establecen también los siguientes recursos y mecanismos de control constitucional:
1) El Recurso de Habeas Data como garantía de tutela de datos personales asentados en archivos, registros, bancos de datos u otros medios técnicos, de naturaleza pública o privada, cuya publicidad constituya invasión a la privacidad personal y tenga relevancia con el tratamiento de datos sensibles de las personas en su ámbito íntimo y familiar. El Recurso de Habeas Data procede a favor de toda persona para saber quién, cuándo, con qué fines y en qué circunstancias toma contacto con sus datos personales y su publicidad indebida.
2) El conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad entre los Poderes del Estado. Los representantes de los Poderes del Estado promoverán el conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad cuando consideren que una ley, decreto o reglamento, acto, resolución o disposición de otro órgano, invade el ámbito de sus competencias privativas constitucionales.
3) El control de constitucionalidad en caso concreto como un mecanismo incidental de control. Cuando en un caso sometido al conocimiento de autoridad judicial, ésta considere que una norma de cuya validez depende el fallo es contraria a la Constitución, deberá proceder a declarar su inconstitucionalidad para el caso en concreto. Las partes en el proceso pueden solicitar la inconstitucionalidad de una norma que se esté aplicando al caso. La autoridad judicial deberá pronunciarse sobre el punto, acogiendo o rechazando la pretensión.
4) Los conflictos de constitucionalidad entre el Gobierno Central y los Gobiernos Municipales y de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe.
La Ley de Justicia Constitucional regulará los recursos y mecanismos establecidos en este capítulo. (Art. 190)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishA constitutional appeal may be lodged against individual general acts or actions performed by state bodies or organizations exercising delegated public powers which violate or deny human or minority rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, if other legal remedies for their protection have already been applied or not specified. (Art. 170)
- Serbian CyrillicУставна жалба се може изјавити против појединачних аката или радњи државних органа или организација којима су поверена јавна овлашћења, а којима се повређују или ускраћују људска или мањинска права и слободе зајемчене Уставом, ако су исцрпљена или нису предвиђена друга правна средства за њихову заштиту. (Члан 170)
Judicial Protection
- English…
4. This Bill of Rights shall be upheld by the Supreme Court and other competent courts and monitored by the Human Rights Commission. (Art. 9)