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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Zimbabwe
- EnglishIn order to redress the unjust and unfair pattern of land ownership that was brought about by colonialism, and to bring about land reform and the equitable access by all Zimbabweans to the country’s natural resources, policies regarding agricultural land must be guided by the following principles—
(a) land is a finite natural resource that forms part of Zimbabweans’ common heritage;
(b) subject to section 72, every Zimbabwean citizen has a right to acquire, hold, occupy, use, transfer, hypothecate, lease or dispose of agricultural land regardless of his or her race or colour;
(c) the allocation and distribution of agricultural land must be fair and equitable, having regard to gender balance and diverse community interests;
(d) the land tenure system must promote increased productivity and investment by Zimbabweans in agricultural land;
(e) the use of agricultural land should promote food security, good health and nutrition and generate employment, while protecting and conserving the environment for future generations;
(f) no person may be deprived arbitrarily of their right to use and occupy agricultural land. (Sec. 289)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Côte d’Ivoire
- EnglishThe law sets forth rules concerning:
…
• … status and capacity of persons, matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts;
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The law determines the fundamental principles:
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• of the regulations governing property, real rights and of civil and commercial obligations;
… (Art. 101) - FrenchLa loi fixe les règles concernant :
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- … l'état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités ;
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La loi détermine les principes fondamentaux :
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- du régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales ;
… (Art. 101)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Bangladesh
- EnglishTo enjoy the protection of the law, and to be treated in accordance with law, and only in accordance with law, is the inalienable right of every citizen, wherever he may be, and of every other person for the time being within Bangladesh, and in particular no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body, reputation or property of any person shall be taken except in accordance with law. (Art. 31)
- Bengaliআইনের আশ্রয়লাভ এবং আইনানুযায়ী ও কেবল আইনানুযায়ী ব্যবহারলাভ যে কোন স্থানে অবস্থানরত প্রত্যেক নাগরিকের এবং সাময়িকভাবে বাংলাদেশে অবস্থানরত অপরাপর ব্যক্তির অবিচ্ছেদ্য অধিকার এবং বিশেষতঃ আইনানুযায়ী ব্যতীত এমন কোন ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করা যাইবে না, যাহাতে কোন ব্যক্তির জীবন, স্বাধীনতা, দেহ, সুনাম বা সম্পত্তির হানি ঘটে। (অনুচ্ছেদ ৩১)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Ireland
- English1 1° The State acknowledges that man, in virtue of his rational being, has the natural right, antecedent to positive law, to the private ownership of external goods.
2° The State accordingly guarantees to pass no law attempting to abolish the right of private ownership or the general right to transfer, bequeath, and inherit property.
… (Art. 43) - Irish Gaelic1 1° Admhaíonn an Stát, toisc bua an réasúin a bheith ag an duine, go bhfuil sé de cheart nádúrtha aige maoin shaolta a bheith aige dá chuid féin go príobháideach, ceart is ársa ná reacht daonna.
2° Uime sin, ráthaíonn an Stát gan aon dlí a achtú d’iarraidh an ceart sin, ná gnáthcheart an duine chun maoin a shannadh agus a thiomnú agus a ghlacadh ina hoidhreacht, a chur ar ceal.
… (Airteagal 43)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- English…
II. The State shall recognize, respect and grant individual and collective ownership rights to land, as well as the rights to use and enjoyment of natural resources.
… (Art. 349) - Spanish…
II. El Estado reconocerá, respetará y otorgará derechos propietarios individuales y colectivos sobre la tierra, así como derechos de uso y aprovechamiento sobre otros recursos naturales.
… (Art. 349)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Gambia
- English…
(2) Subject to the provisions of subsection (5), no law shall make any provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(4) In this section, the expression "discrimination" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, colour, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject, or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(5) Subsection (2) shall not apply to any law in so far as that law makes provision—
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(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
… (Sec. 33)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Georgia
- English1. The following shall fall within the exclusive competence of the supreme state authorities of Georgia:
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b) … legislation pertaining to land, minerals, and other natural resources;
… (Art. 7) - Georgian1. საქართველოს უმაღლეს სახელმწიფო ორგანოთა განსაკუთრებულ გამგებლობას მიეკუთვნება:
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ბ) … მიწის, წიაღისეულისა და სხვა ბუნებრივი რესურსების კანონმდებლობა;
… (მუხლი 7)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Norway
- EnglishAllodial right and the right of primogeniture shall not be abolished. The specific conditions under which these rights shall continue for the greatest benefit of the State and to the best advantage of the rural population shall be determined by the first or second subsequent Storting. (Art. 117)
- NorwegianOdels- og åsetesretten må ikke oppheves. De nærmere betingelser for hvordan den skal bestå til støtte for staten og til gagn for landallmuen, fastsettes av det første eller annet følgende storting. (§ 117)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Canada
- EnglishIn each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to Matters coming within the Classes of Subjects next hereinafter enumerated; that is to say,
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13. Property and Civil Rights in the Province.
… (Constitution Act 1867, Sec. 92) - FrenchDans chaque province la législature pourra exclusivement faire des lois relatives aux matières tombant dans les catégories de sujets ci-dessous énumérés, savoir:
...
13. La propriété et les droits civils dans la province;
... (Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, Sec. 92)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Japan
- English...
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes. (Art. 24) - Japanese…
2 配偶者の選択、財産権、相続、住居の選定、離婚並びに婚姻及び家族に関するその他の事項に関しては、法律は、個人の尊厳と両性の本質的平等に立脚して、制定されなければならない。 (第24条)