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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Employment Rights and Protection
San Marino
- EnglishEach citizen shall have both the right and duty to work. Fair remuneration, annual holidays, weekly rest and the right to strike shall be secured by law.
All citizens shall be entitled to social security. (Art. 9) - ItalianIl lavoro è diritto e dovere di ogni cittadino. La legge assicura al lavoratore l'equa retribuzione, le ferie, il riposo settimanale ed il diritto di sciopero.
Tutti i cittadini hanno diritto alla sicurezza sociale. (Art. 9)
Employment Rights and Protection
Libya
- EnglishThe State shall also guarantee the right of work, … (Art. 8)
- Arabicتكفل الدولة حق العمل ... (المادة 8)
Employment Rights and Protection
Guatemala
- EnglishTo work is a right and a social obligation of the person. The labor regime of the country must be organized in accordance with the principles of social justice. (Art. 101)
- SpanishEl trabajo es un derecho de la persona y una obligación social. El régimen laboral del país debe organizarse conforme a principios de justicia social. (Art. 101)
Employment Rights and Protection
Pakistan
- EnglishThe State shall ensure the elimination of all forms of exploitation and the gradual fulfilment of the fundamental principle, from each according to his ability to each according to his work. (Art. 3)
- Urduمملکت استحصال کی تمام اقسام کے خاتمہ اور اس بنیادی اصول کی تدریجی تکمیل کو یقینی بنائے گی کہ ہر کسی سے اس کی اہلیت کے مطابق کام لیا جائے گا اور ہر کسی کو اس کے کام کے مطابق معاوضہ دیا جائے۔ (آرٹیکل ۳)
Employment Rights and Protection
Spain
- English1. The State shall have exclusive competence over the following matters:
…
7) Labour legislation, without prejudice to its execution by bodies of the Autonomous Communities.
… (Sec. 149) - Spanish1. El Estado tiene competencia exclusiva sobre las siguientes materias:
…
7ª. Legislación laboral, sin perjuicio de su ejecución por los órganos de las Comunidades Autónomas.
… (Art. 149)
Employment Rights and Protection
Mozambique
- English1. All workers shall have the right to fair remuneration, rest and vacation and to retirement in accordance with the law.
2. Workers shall have the right to protection, health and safety at work.
3. Workers may be dismissed only in the cases and in accordance with the terms provided for by law. (Art. 85) - Portuguese1. Todo o trabalhador tem direito à justa remuneração, descanso, férias e à reforma nos termos da lei.
2. O trabalhador tem direito à protecção, segurança e higiene no trabalho.
3. O trabalhador só pode ser despedido nos casos e nos termos estabelecidos na lei. (Art. 85)
Employment Rights and Protection
Honduras
- EnglishLaws governing the relations between employers and workers are matters of public policy. All acts, stipulations or agreements that involve the waiver, diminution or restriction or evasion of the following guarantees shall be void:
1. Regular day work shall not exceed eight hours a day, nor forty-hour hours a week.
Regular nightwork shall not exceed six hours a day or thirty-six hours a week.
Regular combined work shall not exceed seven hours a day or forty-two hours a week.
All work shall be paid for at a rate equivalent to forty-eight hours a week.
Overtime work shall be paid for in the manner specified by law.
These provisions shall not apply in those well-defined exceptional cases indicated by law.
2. No worker shall be required to perform work which covers more than twelve hours in any period of twenty-four consecutive hours, except in those cases specified by law.
3. Equal work shall receive equal pay without discrimination, provided that the position, the working hours, the conditions of efficiency and the time of service are also equal.
Wages must be paid in legal tender.
4. The amount of wages, indemnity compensation, and social benefits shall constitute a preferred credit in accordance with law.
5. Every worker is entitled to minimum wages fixed periodically by participation of the State, employers and workers, sufficient to meet the normal material, moral and cultural needs of his household, in accordance with the standards of each kind of work, the conditions peculiar to each region and type of work, the cost of living, the relative skill of workers, and the pay systems of the enterprises.
A minimum occupational wage shall also be fixed for those activities not wage regulated by a collective contract or agreement.
The minimum wage shall be exempt from attachment, compensation or discount except as prescribed by law governing family and trade union obligations.
6. In the facilities of his establishments, the employer must observe and enforce the legal provisions concerning hygiene and health and adopt adequate safety measures in work, which help to prevent occupational hazards and ensure the physical and mental integrity of workers. Employers in agricultural enterprises are also subject to the same security system. Special protection shall be given to women and minors.
…
8. A worker shall be entitled to annual paid vacations. The duration and time of which shall be regulated by law.
In any event, a worker shall be entitled to a cash payment for vacations already earned and for proportional vacations corresponding to the period worked.
Vacations may not be compensated by a cash payment, nor accumulated, and the employer shall be obliged to give them to the worker and the worker must take them.
The law shall regulate this obligation and shall determine the exceptional cases which permit the accumulation and compensation of vacations.
9. Workers shall be entitled to leave with pay for holidays specified by law. The law shall also specify what kind of work shall not be governed by this provision, but in such cases workers shall be entitled to overtime.
10. The right of workers to receive payment for a seventh day is hereby recognized; permanent workers shall receive, in addition, payment for a thirteenth month as a Christmas bonus. The law shall regulate the terms and manner of application of this provision.
11. A woman is entitled to leave before and after childbirth, without loss of employment or wages. During the nursing period she shall be entitled to a rest period each day for nursing her child. The employer may not terminate the employment contract of a pregnant woman, even after childbirth, except for justifiable cause shown before a competent judge, in the cases and conditions indicated by law.
12. Employers shall be required to indemnify their workers for work injuries and occupational diseases, according to law.
… (Art. 128) - SpanishLas leyes que rigen las relaciones entre patronos y trabajadores son de orden público. Son nulos los actos, estipulaciones o convenciones que impliquen renuncia, disminuyan, restrinjan o tergiversen las siguientes garantías:
1. La jornada diurna ordinaria de trabajo no excederá de (8) ocho horas diarias, ni de (44) cuarenta y cuatro a la semana.
La jornada nocturna ordinaria de trabajo no excederá de (6) seis horas diarias, ni de treinta y seis (36) a la semana. La jornada mixta ordinaria de trabajo no excederá de (7) siete horas diarias ni de (42) cuarenta y dos a la semana;
Todas estas jornadas se remunerarán con un salario igual al de (48) cuarenta y ocho horas de trabajo. La remuneración del trabajo realizado en horas extraordinarias se hará conforme a lo que dispone la Ley:
Estas disposiciones no se aplicarán en los casos de excepción, muy calificados, que la Ley señale;
2. A ningún trabajador se podrá exigir el desempeño de labores que se extiendan a más de (12) doce horas en cada período de (24) veinticuatro horas sucesivas, salvo los casos calificados por la Ley;
3. A trabajo igual corresponde salario igual sin discriminación alguna, siempre que el puesto, la jornada y las condiciones de eficiencia y tiempo de servicio sean también iguales.
El salario deberá pagarse con moneda de curso legal.
4. Los créditos a favor de los trabajadores por salarios, indemnización y demás prestaciones sociales, serán singularmente privilegiados, de conformidad con la ley:
5. Todo trabajador tiene derecho a devengar un salario mínimo, fijado periódicamente con intervención del Estado, los patronos y los trabajadores, suficiente para cubrir las necesidades normales de su hogar, en el orden material y cultural, atendiendo a las modalidades de cada trabajo, a las particulares condiciones de cada región y de cada labor, al costo de la vida, a la aptitud relativa de los trabajadores y a los sistemas de remuneración de las empresas;
Igualmente se señalará un salario mínimo profesional en aquellas actividades en que el mismo no estuviese regulado por un contrato o convención colectiva;
El salario mínimo está exento de embargo, compensación y deducciones, salvo lo dispuesto por la Ley atendiendo a obligaciones familiares y sindicales del trabajador;
6. El patrono está obligado a cumplir y hacer que se cumplan en las instalaciones de sus establecimientos, las disposiciones legales sobre higiene y salubridad, adoptando las medidas de seguridad adecuadas en el trabajo, que permitan prevenir los riesgos profesionales y asegurar la integridad física y mental de los trabajadores.
Bajo el mismo régimen de previsión quedan sujetos los patronos de explotaciones agrícolas, Se establecerá una protección especial para la mujer y los menores.
…
8. El trabajador tendrá derecho a disfrutar cada año de un período de vacaciones remuneradas, cuya extensión y oportunidad serán reguladas por la Ley:
En todo caso, el trabajador tendrá derecho al pago en efectivo de las vacaciones causadas y de las proporcionales correspondientes al período trabajado;
Las vacaciones no podrán compensarse por dinero, ni acumularse y el patrono esta obligado a otorgarlas al trabajador y éste a disfrutarlas;
La Ley regulará estas obligaciones y señalará los casos de excepción permitidos para acumular y compensar vacaciones;
9. Los trabajadores tendrán derecho a descanso remunerado en los días feriados que señale la Ley. Esta determinará la clase de labores en que no regirá esta disposición pero en estos casos los trabajadores tendrán derecho a remuneración extraordinaria;
10. Se reconoce el derecho de los trabajadores al pago del séptimo día; los trabajadores permanentes recibirán, además, el pago del décimo tercer mes en concepto de aguinaldo. La Ley regulará las modalidades y forma de aplicación de estas disposiciones;
11. La mujer tiene derecho a descanso antes y después del parto, sin pérdida de su trabajo ni de su salario. En el período de lactancia tendrá derecho a un descanso por día para amamantar a sus hijos. El patrono no podrá dar por terminado el contrato de trabajo de la mujer grávida ni después del parto, sin comprobar previamente una causa justa ante juez competente, en los casos y condiciones que señale la Ley.
12. Los patronos están obligados a indemnizar al trabajador por los accidentes de trabajo y las enfermedades profesionales, de conformidad con la Ley;
… (Art. 128)
Employment Rights and Protection
Syrian Arab Republic
- English1. Work shall be a right and a duty for every citizen, and the state shall endeavor to provide for all citizens, and the law shall organize work, its conditions and the workers’ rights;
2. Each worker shall have a fair wage according to the quality and output of the work; this wage shall be no less than the minimum wage that ensures the requirements of living and changes in living conditions;
3. The state shall guarantee social and health security of workers. (Art. 40) - Arabic1العمل حق لكل مواطن وواجب عليه، وتعمل الدولة على توفيره لجميع المواطنين ويتولى القانون تنظيم العمل وشروطه وحقوق العمال
2لكل عامل أجر عادل حسب نوعية العمل ومردوده، على أن لا يقل عن الحد الأدنى للأجور الذي يضمن متطلبات الحياة المعيشية وتغيرھا ُ
3تكفل الدولة الضمان الإجتماعي والصحي للعما ل. (المادّة 40)
Employment Rights and Protection
New Zealand
- English(1) It shall be unlawful for any person (in the course of that person’s involvement in any of the areas to which this subsection is applied by subsection (3)) to make a request of any other person for sexual intercourse, sexual contact, or other form of sexual activity which contains an implied or overt promise of preferential treatment or an implied or overt threat of detrimental treatment.
(2) It shall be unlawful for any person (in the course of that person’s involvement in any of the areas to which this subsection is applied by subsection (3)) by the use of language (whether written or spoken) of a sexual nature, or of visual material of a sexual nature, or by physical behaviour of a sexual nature, to subject any other person to behaviour that—
(a) is unwelcome or offensive to that person (whether or not that is conveyed to the first-mentioned person); and
(b) is either repeated, or of such a significant nature, that it has a detrimental effect on that person in respect of any of the areas to which this subsection is applied by subsection (3).
(3) The areas to which subsections (1) and (2) apply are—
(a) the making of an application for employment:
(b) employment, which term includes unpaid work:
(c) participation in, or the making of an application for participation in a partnership:
(d) membership, or the making of an application for membership, of an industrial union or professional or trade association:
(e) access to any approval, authorisation, or qualification:
(f) vocational training, or the making of an application for vocational training:
…
(4) Where a person complains of sexual harassment, no account shall be taken of any evidence of the person’s sexual experience or reputation. (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 62)
Employment Rights and Protection
Senegal
- EnglishThe Republic of Senegal guarantees to all citizens the fundamental individual freedoms, the economic and social rights as well as the collective rights. These freedoms and rights are notably:
…
- the right to work,
... (Art. 8) - FrenchLa République du Sénégal garantit à tous les citoyens les libertés individuelles fondamentales, les droits économiques et sociaux ainsi que les droits collectifs. Ces libertés et droits sont notamment :
...
- le droit au travail,
... (Art. 8)