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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is equally competent to decide on the cases specified in the Articles 6, 53, 54, 60, 67, 86, 103 and 110 of the Constitution. (Art. 129)
- FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est également compétente pour statuer sur les cas prévus aux articles 6, 53, 54, 60, 67, 86, 103 et 110 de la Constitution. (Art. 129)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court may consider and declare with generally binding force:
a) The unconstitutionality of any norm;
b) The illegality of any norms contained in a legislative act, on the grounds of the breach of a law with superior legal force;
c) The illegality of any norms contained in a regional legislative act, on the grounds of the breach of the autonomous region's statute;
d) The illegality of any norms contained in a legislative act issued by an entity that exercises sovereignty, on the grounds of a breach of those of an autonomous region's rights that are enshrined in its statute.
2. The following may ask the Constitutional Court for a declaration of unconstitutionality or illegality with generally binding force:
a) The President of the Republic;
b) The President of the Assembly of the Republic;
c) The Prime Minister;
d) The Ombudsman;
e) The Attorney General;
f) One tenth of the Members of the Assembly of the Republic;
g) When the grounds for the request for a declaration of unconstitutionality are the breach of the rights of the autonomous regions, or the grounds for the request for a declaration of illegality are the breach of the respective statute, Representatives of the Republic, Legislative Assemblies of the autonomous regions, presidents of Legislative Assemblies of the autonomous regions, presidents of Regional Governments, or one tenth of the members of the respective Legislative Assembly.
3. The Constitutional Court may also consider and declare with generally binding force the unconstitutionality or illegality of any norm, on condition that it has already held the norm unconstitutional or illegal in three concrete cases. (Art. 281) - Portuguese1. O Tribunal Constitucional aprecia e declara, com força obrigatória geral:
a) A inconstitucionalidade de quaisquer normas;
b) A ilegalidade de quaisquer normas constantes de acto legislativo com fundamento em violação de lei com valor reforçado;
c) A ilegalidade de quaisquer normas constantes de diploma regional, com fundamento em violação do estatuto da região autónoma;
d) A ilegalidade de quaisquer normas constantes de diploma emanado dos órgãos de soberania com fundamento em violação dos direitos de uma região consagrados no seu estatuto.
2. Podem requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a declaração de inconstitucionalidade ou de ilegalidade, com força obrigatória geral:
a) O Presidente da República;
b) O Presidente da Assembleia da República;
c) O Primeiro-Ministro;
d) O Provedor de Justiça;
e) O Procurador-Geral da República;
f) Um décimo dos Deputados à Assembleia da República;
g) Os Representantes da República, as Assembleias Legislativas das regiões autónomas, os presidentes das Assembleias Legislativas das regiões autónomas, os presidentes dos Governos Regionais ou um décimo dos deputados à respectiva Assembleia Legislativa, quando o pedido de declaração de inconstitucionalidade se fundar em violação dos direitos das regiões autónomas ou o pedido de declaração de ilegalidade se fundar em violação do respectivo estatuto.
3. O Tribunal Constitucional aprecia e declara ainda, com força obrigatória geral, a inconstitucionalidade ou a ilegalidade de qualquer norma, desde que tenha sido por ele julgada inconstitucional ou ilegal em três casos concretos. (Art. 281)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishLaws may be declared unconstitutional by reason of form or content, in accordance with the provisions of the following articles. (Art. 256)
- SpanishLas leyes podrán ser declaradas inconstitucionales por razón de forma o de contenido, de acuerdo con lo que se establece en los artículos siguientes. (Art. 256)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The National Assembly Standing Committee has the following rights and duties:
…
2. To create, interpret and explain the provisions of the Constitution and the laws;
… (Art. 56) - Lao
ຄະນະປະຈໍາສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດມີ ສິດ ແລະ ໜ້າທີ່ດັ່ງນີ້:
…
2. ສະເໜີສ້າງ, ຕີຄວາມໝາຍ, ອະທິບາຍ ລັດຖະທໍາມະນູນ ແລະ ກົດໝາຍ
… (ມາດຕາ. 56) (ປັບປຸງ)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply a legal rule on the grounds of its unconstitutionality;
b) Applying rules whose constitutionality may have been challenged during the proceedings.
2. The Constitutional Court shall also have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a regional law on the grounds of its illegality by infringement of a law of superior force;
b) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a regional legislative on the grounds of its illegality by infringement of the Political and Administrative Statute of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe or of the general law of the Republic;
c) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a law emanating from a sovereign body on the grounds of illegality by infringement of the Political and Administrative Statute of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe;
d) Applying a rule, whose legality has been challenged during the proceedings on any of the grounds specified in subparagraphs a), b) and c).
3. If a rule, whose application has been refused, consists of an international convention, of a legislative act or of a regulatory decree, the appeals contemplated in subparagraph a) of paragraph 1 and paragraph a) of paragraph 2 of this article are required for public prosecution.
4. The appeals contemplated in subparagraphs b) and d) of paragraph 2 may be instituted only by the party who has challenged the unconstitutionality or illegality, and the law shall regulate the rules on admissibility of these appeals.
5. The Constitutional Court, mandatorily the Public Prosecutor’s Office, shall also have jurisdiction to hear appeals against the decisions of courts that apply a law previously judged unconstitutional or illegal by the Constitutional Court itself.
6. Appeals to the Constitutional Court shall be restricted to the question of unconstitutionality or of illegality, in conformance with the cases. (Art. 149) - Portuguese1. Cabe recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de qualquer norma com fundamento na sua inconstitucionalidade;
b) Que apliquem norma cuja a inconstitucionalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo.
2. Cabe igualmente recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de acto legislativo com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação de lei com valor reforçado;
b) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma regional com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação do Estatuto Político-Administrativo da Região Autónoma do Príncipe ou de lei geral da República;
c) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de diploma emanado de um órgão de soberania com fundamento na ilegalidade por violação do Estatuto Político-Administrativo da Região Autónoma do Príncipe;
d) Que apliquem norma cuja ilegalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo com qualquer dos fundamentos referidos nas alíneas a), b) e c).
3. Quando a norma cuja aplicação tiver sido recusada constar de convenção internacional, de acto legislativo ou de decreto regulamentar, os recursos previstos na alínea a) do número 1 e na alínea a) do número 2 deste artigo são obrigatórios para o Ministério Público.
4. Os recursos previstos nas alíneas b) e d) do número 2 só podem ser interpostos, pela parte que haja suscitado a questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, devendo a lei regular o regime de admissão desses recursos.
5. Cabe ainda recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional, obrigatório para o Ministério Público, das decisões dos tribunais que apliquem norma anteriormente julgada inconstitucional ou ilegal pelo próprio Tribunal Constitucional.
6. Os recursos para o Tribunal Constitucional são restritos à questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, conforme os casos. (Art. 149)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on complaints of the bodies of territorial self-administration against unconstitutional or unlawful decision or against other unconstitutional or unlawful action into the matters of self-administration, save another court shall decide on its protection.
… (Art. 127a) - Slovak
(1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o sťaţnostiach orgánov územnej samosprávy proti neústavnému alebo nezákonnému rozhodnutiu alebo inému neústavnému alebo nezákonnému zásahu do vecí územnej samosprávy, ak o jej ochrane nerozhoduje iný súd.
… (Čl. 127a)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishIf the High Court Division is satisfied that a case pending in a court subordinate to it involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution, or on a point of general public importance, the determination of which is necessary for the disposal of the case, it shall withdraw the case from that court and may –
(a) either dispose of the case itself ; or
(b) determine the question of law and return the case to the court from which it has been so withdrawn (or transfer it to another subordinate court) together with a copy of the judgment of the division on such question, and the court to which the case is so returned or transferred shall, on receipt thereof, proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with such judgment. (Art. 110) - Bengaliহাইকোর্ট বিভাগের নিকট যদি সন্তোষজনকভাবে প্রতীয়মান হয় যে, উক্ত বিভাগের কোন অধঃস্তন আদালতের বিচারাধীন কোন মামলায় এই সংবিধানের ব্যাখ্যা-সংক্রান্ত আইনের এমন গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্ন বা এমন জন-গুরুত্বসম্পন্ন বিষয় জড়িত রহিয়াছে, সংশ্লিষ্ট মামলার মীমাংসার জন্য যাহার সম্পর্কে সিদ্ধান্ত গ্রহণ প্রয়োজন, তাহা হইলে হাইকোর্ট বিভাগ উক্ত আদালত হইতে মামলাটি প্রত্যাহার করিয়া লইবেন এবং
(ক) স্বয়ং মামলাটির মীমাংসা করিবেন; অথবা
(খ) উক্ত আইনের প্রশ্নটির নিষ্পত্তি করিবেন এবং উক্ত প্রশ্ন সম্বন্ধে হাইকোর্ট বিভাগের রায়ের নকলসহ যে আদালত হইতে মামলাটি প্রত্যাহার করা হইয়াছিল, সেই আদালতে (বা অন্য কোন অধঃস্তন আদালতে) মামলাটি ফেরত পাঠাইবেন এবং তাহা প্রাপ্ত হইবার পর সেই আদালত উক্ত রায়ের সহিত সঙ্গতি রক্ষা করিয়া মামলাটির মীমাংসা করিতে প্রবৃত্ত হইবেন। (অনুচ্ছেদ ১১০)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) There shall be a Constitutional Bench in the Supreme Court. The Constitutional Bench shall consist of the Chief Justice and other four Justices designated by the Chief Justice on recommendation of the Judicial Council.
(2) The Bench referred to in clause (1) shall originally hear and settle the following cases, in addition to the petitions filed pursuant to clause (1) of Article 133:-
(a) Disputes relating to jurisdiction between the Federation and a Province, between Provinces, between a Province and a Local Level and between Local Levels;
(b) Disputes relating to election to members of the Federal Parliament or Provincial Assembly and matters relating to disqualification of a member of the Federal Parliament or of the Provincial Assembly.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 133, in case it appears that any case sub judice in the Supreme Court involves a question of serious constitutional interpretation, the Chief Justice may appoint such case to be heard by the Bench referred to in clause (1).
(4) Other provisions relating to the functioning of the Constitutional Bench shall be as determined by the Supreme Court. (Art. 137) - Nepali
(१) सर्वोच्च अदालतमा एक संवैधानिक इजलास रहनेछ । त्यस्तो इजलासमा प्रधान न्यायाधीश र न्याय परिषदको सिफारिसमा प्रधान न्यायाधीशले तोकेका अन्य चारजना न्यायाधीश रहने छन् ।
(२) उपधारा (१) बमोजिमको इजलासले धारा १३३ को उपधारा (१) बमोजिम परेका निवेदनको अतिरिक्त देहायका मुद्दाको शुरू कारबाही र किनारा गर्नेछ ः–
(क) संघ र प्रदेश, प्रदेश र प्रदेश, प्रदेश र स्थानीय तह तथा स्थानीय तहहरू बीचको अधिकार क्षेत्रको बारेमा भएको विवाद सम्बन्धी,
(ख) संघीय संसद वा प्रदेश सभा सदस्यको निर्वाचन सम्बन्धी विवाद र संघीय संसदका सदस्य वा प्रदेश सभाका सदस्यको अयोग्यता सम्बन्धी ।
(३) धारा १३३ मा जुनसुकै कुरा लेखिएको भए तापनि सर्वोच्च अदालतमा विचाराधीन कुनै मुद्दामा गम्भीर संवैधानिक व्याख्याको प्रश्न समावेश भएको देखिएमा त्यस्तो मुद्दा उपधारा (१) बमोजिमको इजलासबाट हेर्ने गरी प्रधान न्यायाधीशले तोक्न सक्नेछ ।
(४) संवैधानिक इजलासको सञ्चालन सम्बन्धी अन्य व्यवस्था सर्वोच्च अदालतले निर्धारण गरे बमोजिम हुनेछ । (धारा १३७)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English...
(2)(a) The Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court of South Africa or a court of similar status may make an order concerning the constitutional validity of an Act of Parliament, a provincial Act or any conduct of the President, but an order of constitutional invalidity has no force unless it is confirmed by the Constitutional Court.
(b) A court which makes an order of constitutional invalidity may grant a temporary interdict or other temporary relief to a party, or may adjourn the proceedings, pending a decision of the Constitutional Court on the validity of that Act or conduct.
(c) National legislation must provide for the referral of an order of constitutional invalidity to the Constitutional Court.
(d) Any person or organ of state with a sufficient interest may appeal, or apply, directly to the Constitutional Court to confirm or vary an order of constitutional invalidity by a court in terms of this subsection.
… (Sec. 172)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) In this section a reference to a person’s “ citizenship status ” is a reference to his status as—
(a) a British citizen,
(b) a British overseas territories citizen,
(c) a British Overseas citizen,
(d) a British National (Overseas),
(e) a British protected person, or
(f) a British subject.
(2)The Secretary of State may by order deprive a person of a citizenship status if the Secretary of State is satisfied that deprivation is conducive to the public good.
...
(4) The Secretary of State may not make an order under subsection (2) if he is satisfied that the order would make a person stateless.
(4A) But that does not prevent the Secretary of State from making an order under subsection (2) to deprive a person of a citizenship status if—
(a) the citizenship status results from the person's naturalisation,
(b) the Secretary of State is satisfied that the deprivation is conducive to the public good because the person, while having that citizenship status, has conducted him or herself in a manner which is seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of the United Kingdom, any of the Islands, or any British overseas territory, and
(c) the Secretary of State has reasonable grounds for believing that the person is able, under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom, to become a national of such a country or territory.
... (British Nationality Act 1981, Sec. 40)5