Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996, as amended to 2023
Head of State
  • English
    The President –
    (a) is the Head of State and head of the national executive;
    (b) must uphold, defend and respect the Constitution as the supreme law of the Republic; and
    (c) promotes the unity of the nation and that which will advance the Republic. (Sec. 83)
Head of State
  • English
    (1) The President has the powers entrusted by the Constitution and legislation, including those necessary to perform the functions of Head of State and head of the national executive.
    … (Sec. 84)
Head of State
  • English

    (1) The executive authority of the Republic is vested in the President.
    (2) The President exercises the executive authority, together with the other members of the Cabinet,
    … (Sec. 85)

Head of State
  • English
    (1) At its first sitting after its election, and whenever necessary to fill a vacancy, the National Assembly must elect a woman or a man from among its members to be the President.
    … (Sec. 86)
Links to all sites last visited 1 March 2024
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Chapter 9 on State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy. According to Art. 181, those institutions are: “(a) The Public Protector. (b) The South African Human Rights Commission. (c) The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities. (d) The Commission for Gender Equality. (e) The Auditor-General. (f) The Electoral Commission.”
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Chapter 9 on State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy. According to Art. 181, those institutions are: “(a) The Public Protector. (b) The South African Human Rights Commission. (c) The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities. (d) The Commission for Gender Equality. (e) The Auditor-General. (f) The Electoral Commission.”
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Chapter 9 on State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy. According to Art. 181, those institutions are: “(a) The Public Protector. (b) The South African Human Rights Commission. (c) The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities. (d) The Commission for Gender Equality. (e) The Auditor-General. (f) The Electoral Commission.”
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5- The Table of Non-Derogable Rights includes Equality (Sec. 9), Human Dignity (Sec. 10), Life (Sec. 11), Freedom and Security of the person (Sec. 12), Slavery, servitude and forced labour (Sec. 13), Children (Sec. 28) and Arrested, detained and accused persons (Sec. 35).
6- Refer to Table of Non-Derogable Rights.

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Chapter 9 on State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy. According to Art. 181, those institutions are: “(a) The Public Protector. (b) The South African Human Rights Commission. (c) The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities. (d) The Commission for Gender Equality. (e) The Auditor-General. (f) The Electoral Commission.”
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Chapter 9 on State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy. According to Art. 181, those institutions are: “(a) The Public Protector. (b) The South African Human Rights Commission. (c) The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities. (d) The Commission for Gender Equality. (e) The Auditor-General. (f) The Electoral Commission.”
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Chapter 12 on Traditional Leaders.