Political Constitution of the United Mexican States 1917, as amended to 2023
Religious Law
  • English
    …
    The Congress may not decree laws that establish or prohibit any religion.
    … (Art. 24)
  • Spanish
    …
    El Congreso no puede dictar leyes que establezcan o prohiban religión alguna.
    … (Art. 24)
Religious Law
  • English
    It is the will of the Mexican people to be constituted in a representative, democratic, secular, [and] federal Republic, … (Art. 40)
  • Spanish
    Es voluntad del pueblo mexicano constituirse en una República representativa, democrática, laica y federal, ... (Art. 40)
Religious Law
  • English
    The historical principle of the separation of the State and the churches orients the norms contained in this Article. The churches and other religious groups will be subject to the law.
    … (Art. 130)
  • Spanish
    El principio histórico de la separación del Estado y las iglesias orienta las normas contenidas en el presente artículo. Las iglesias y demás agrupaciones religiosas se sujetarán a la ley.
    … (Art. 130)
Customary Law
  • English
    …
    Communities composed of an indigenous people, [are] those that form a social, economic and cultural unity, living in a territory and that recognized their own authorities in accordance with their habits [usos] and customs.
    …
    A. This Constitution recognizes and guarantees the right of indigenous peoples and communities to self-determination and, consequently, to the autonomy to:
    …
    II. Apply their own normative systems in the regulation and solution of their internal conflicts, subject to the general principles of this Constitution, respecting individual guarantees, human rights and, in relevant manner, the dignity and integrity of women. The law will establish the cases and procedures of validation by the corresponding judges or courts.
    III. Elect according to their traditional norms, procedures and practices, the authorities or representatives for the exercise of their own forms of internal government, guaranteeing that indigenous women and men will enjoy and will exercise their right to vote and to be voted for in conditions of equality; as well as to accede to and to hold the public offices [cargos] and [offices] of public election for those that have been elected or designated, in a framework [that] respects the federal pact, the sovereignty of the States and the autonomy of the City of Mexico. In no case may communitarian practices limit the political electoral rights of [masculine and feminine] citizens in the election of their municipal authorities.
    …
    VIII. Accede fully to jurisdictions of the State. To guarantee this right, in all the trials and proceedings in which they are parties, individually or collectively, their cultural customs and specifications must be taken into account respecting the precepts of this Constitution. The indigenous peoples have at all times the right to be assisted by interpreters and defenders who have knowledge of their language and culture.
    … (Art. 2)
  • Spanish
    …
    Son comunidades integrantes de un pueblo indígena, aquellas que formen una unidad social, económica y cultural, asentadas en un territorio y que reconocen autoridades propias de acuerdo con sus usos y costumbres.
    …
    A. Esta Constitución reconoce y garantiza el derecho de los pueblos y las comunidades indígenas a la libre determinación y, en consecuencia, a la autonomía para:
    …
    II. Aplicar sus propios sistemas normativos en la regulación y solución de sus conflictos internos, sujetándose a los principios generales de esta Constitución, respetando las garantías individuales, los derechos humanos y, de manera relevante, la dignidad e integridad de las mujeres. La ley establecerá los casos y procedimientos de validación por los jueces o tribunales correspondientes.
    III. Elegir de acuerdo con sus normas, procedimientos y practices tradicionales, a las autoridades o representantes para el ejercicio de sus formas propias de gobierno interno, garantizando que las mujeres y los hombres indígenas disfrutarán y ejercerán su derecho de votar y ser votados en condiciones de igualdad; así como a acceder y desempeñar los cargos públicos y de elección popular para los que hayan sido electos o designados, en un marco que respite el pacto federal, la soberanía de los Estados y la autonomía de la Ciudad de México. En ningún caso las prácticas comunitarias podrán limitar los derechos político-electorales de los y las ciudadanas en la elección de sus autoridades municipales.
    …
    VIII. Acceder plenamente a la jurisdicción del Estado. Para garantizar ese derecho, en todos los juicios y procedimientos en que sean parte, individual o colectivamente, se deberán tomar en cuenta sus costumbres y especificidades culturales respetando los preceptos de esta Constitución. Los indígenas tienen en todo tiempo el derecho a ser asistidos por intérpretes y defensores que tengan conocimiento de su lengua y cultura.
    … (Art. 2)
1

Political Constitution of the United Mexican States 1917, as amended to 2023 (English), available in HeinOnline World Constitutions Illustrated Library (2024).

2

Political Constitution of the United Mexican States 1917, as amended to 2023 (Spanish).

Links to all sites last visited 16 January 2024
3
Refer to the full provision of Art. 37 for other rules on the grounds of deprivation of nationality.
4
Refer to the full provision of Art. 123 for all measures regarding employment protection.
5

Refer to Sections A and B of Article 2 on rights of indigenous peoples.