Cambodia

Khmer citizen shall not be deprived of his/her nationality, …
The acquisition of Khmer nationality shall be determined by law. (Art. 33)

The Constitutional Council shall have the competence to guarantee the respect of the Constitution, to interpret the Constitution and the Laws adopted by the National Assembly and definitively reviewed by the Senate.
The Constitutional Council has the right to examine and to decide on litigations related to the elections of the Members of the National Assembly and to the elections of the Senators. (Art. 136)

The King, the Prime Minister, the President of the National Assembly or one-tenth of the National Assembly’s Members, the President of the Senate or one-fourth of the Senators, may send the laws adopted by the National Assembly to the Constitutional Council for examination before their promulgation.
The rules of procedure of the National Assembly, the rules of procedure of the Senate and the organic laws must be sent to the Constitutional Council for examination before their promulgation. … (Art. 140)

After a law has been promulgated, the King, the President of the Senate, the President of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister, one-fourth of the Senators, one-tenth of the National Assembly’s Members, or the Courts can request the Constitutional Council to examine the constitutionality of that law.
Any citizen has the right to raise the unconstitutionality of the laws through the intermediary of the National Assembly’s Members or that of the President of the National Assembly or of the Senators or of the President of the Senate, as provided in the aforementioned paragraph. (Art. 141)

The King consults the Constitutional Council on any proposal aiming at amending the Constitution. (Art. 143)

Mother and father shall have the obligation to take care of their children, to bring them up and to educate them in order to become good citizens.
… (Art. 47)

The State shall protect and promote the right of the citizen to a quality education at all levels and shall take every measure to progressively make this education available to all the citizens.
… (Art. 65)

The State shall establish a comprehensive and unified system of education throughout the country, capable of guaranteeing the principles of freedom of education and equal access to schooling, in order to offer each citizen the equal opportunity for the betterment of his/her living conditions. (Art. 66)

The State shall ensure for all citizens free primary and secondary education at public schools.
Citizens shall receive schooling for at least nine years.
… (Art. 68)

Khmer citizens of both sexes have the right to choose any employment according to their ability and to the needs of the society.
Khmer citizens of both sexes shall receive equal pay for equal work.
The work of housewife at home shall have equal value as the remunerated work done outside the home.
Khmer citizens of both sexes shall have the right to enjoy social security and other social benefits as determined by law.
… (Art. 36)

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The dismissal of woman worker for reason of pregnancy shall be prohibited. Woman shall have the right to take maternity leave with full pay and with guarantee of her seniority in employment and of other social benefits.
The State and the society shall provide women, especially those underprivileged living in rural areas, with opportunities to benefit from assistance for a profession, for medical cares, for their children schooling and for decent living conditions. (Art. 46)

The State shall establish a social security regime for workers and employees. (Art. 75)

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Khmer citizens are equal before the law, enjoying the same rights, liberties and duties regardless of race, color, sex, language, beliefs, religions, political tendencies, birth origin, social status, wealth or other situations. … (Art. 31)

All forms of discrimination against women shall be abolished.
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Men and women have equal rights in all fields, especially with respect to those of marriage and family.
… (Art. 45)

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to guarantee human rights, to ensure the respect of law, to be highly responsible for the destiny of the nation forever evolving toward progress, development and prosperity.
… (Preamble)

The Kingdom of Cambodia recognizes and respects human rights as enshrined in the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human rights and all the treaties and conventions related to human rights, women’s rights and children’s rights.
… (Art. 31)

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The exercise of personal rights and liberties by any individual shall not adversely affect the rights and freedom of others. The exercise of such rights and liberties shall be in accordance with the law. (Art. 31)

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The Judicial power is the guarantor of impartiality and the protector of the citizens’ rights and liberties.
… (Art. 128)

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The exercise of personal rights and liberties by any individual shall not adversely affect the rights and freedom of others. The exercise of such rights and liberties shall be in accordance with the law. (Art. 31)

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The work of housewife at home shall have equal value as the remunerated work done outside the home.
… (Art. 36)

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Men and women have equal rights in all fields, especially with respect to those of marriage and family.
Marriage shall be done according to the conditions set by the law and based on the principles of mutual consent and monogamy. (Art. 45)

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The dismissal of woman worker for reason of pregnancy shall be prohibited. Woman shall have the right to take maternity leave with full pay and with guarantee of her seniority in employment and of other social benefits.
The State and the society shall provide women, especially those underprivileged living in rural areas, with opportunities to benefit from assistance for a profession, for medical cares, for their children schooling and for decent living conditions. (Art. 46)

Mother and father shall have the obligation to take care of their children, to bring them up and to educate them in order to become good citizens.
Children shall have the duty to attend to the needs of their aged parents and to take good care of them in accordance with Khmer custom. (Art. 47)

The State shall give full consideration for children and mothers, by encouraging the creation of nurseries and by attending to women without support who have many children under their cares. (Art. 73)

The Queen of Cambodia shall have no right to engage in politics, to assume a leading function in State or Government affairs, or to assume an administrative or political role.
The Queen of Cambodia shall devote herself in tasks of social, humanitarian, religious interests, and assist the King in protocol and diplomatic obligations. (Art. 16)

Khmer citizens of both sexes have the right to participate actively in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the nation.
… (Art. 35)

The National Congress allows the citizens to be directly informed on various affairs of national interest, to raise issues and to submit suggestions to the State authorities for a solution.
Khmer citizens of both sexes have the right to participate in the National Congress. (Art. 147)

The Queen of Cambodia shall have no right to engage in politics, to assume a leading function in State or Government affairs, or to assume an administrative or political role.
The Queen of Cambodia shall devote herself in tasks of social, humanitarian, religious interests, and assist the King in protocol and diplomatic obligations. (Art. 16)

Khmer citizens of both sexes shall enjoy the right to vote and to stand as candidates for the election.
Khmer citizens of both sexes, at least eighteen years old, have the right to vote.
Khmer citizens of both sexes, at least twenty-five years old, have the right to stand as candidates for the elections of the members of the National Assembly.
Khmer citizens of both sexes, at least forty years old, have the right to stand as candidates for the elections of the members of the Senate.
Provisions depriving the right to vote and the right to stand as candidates for the elections shall be determined by the Electoral Law. (Art. 34)

Khmer citizens of both sexes have the right to participate actively in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the nation.
… (Art. 35)

Khmer citizens shall have the right to create associations and political parties. This right shall be determined by law.
Khmer citizens may participate in mass organizations meant for mutual assistance, protection of national realizations and social order. (Art. 42)

The National Election Committee is the body which has the competence for organizing, regulating and administering the Elections of the Senators and the Elections of the Members of the National Assembly and other elections as determined by law.
… (Art. 150)

The King of Cambodia shall reign, but not govern.
The King is the Head of State for life.
… (Art. 7)

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The King shall be the guarantor of the national independence, the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Cambodia, and the guarantor for the respect of citizens’ rights and freedom, and of international treaties. (Art. 8)

The Cambodian monarchy is an elective monarchy.
The King can not appoint His heir to the throne. (Art. 10)

Within a period not exceeding seven days, the new King of Cambodia shall be elected by the Crown Council.
The membership of the Crown Council shall be composed of:
– The President of the Senate
– The President of the National Assembly
– The Prime Minister
– The Supreme Patriarchs of the two religious orders, Mahanikaya and Dhammayutikanikaya
– The First and Second Vice-Presidents of the Senate
– The First and Second Vice-Presidents of the National Assembly
The organization and functioning of the Crown Council shall be determined by law. (Art. 13)

Shall be elected King of Cambodia, a member of the Royal family, aged at least 30 years, descendant of King Ang Duong or of King Norodom or also of King Sisowath.
... (Art. 14)

The King shall appoint the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers in accordance with the procedures stipulated in Article 119 new. (Art. 19)

The Council of Ministers is the Royal Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia.
The Council of Ministers shall be headed by a Prime Minister, assisted by Deputy Prime Ministers as well by Senior Ministers, and Ministers as members. (Art. 118)

Upon the proposal of the President of the National Assembly in agreement with the two Vice-Presidents, the King assigns a high ranking personality among the Members of National Assembly from the elections winning party, to form the Royal Government. This assigned high ranking personality, accompanied by his collaborators who are Members of the National Assembly or members of the parties represented at the National Assembly and who are in charge of ministerial functions within the Royal Government, solicits the confidence from the National Assembly. Once the National Assembly has voted the confidence, the King signs the Kret appointing the whole Council of Ministers.
… (Art. 119)

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Khmer citizens of both sexes, at least twenty-five years old, have the right to stand as candidates for the elections of the members of the National Assembly.
Khmer citizens of both sexes, at least forty years old, have the right to stand as candidates for the elections of the members of the Senate.
Provisions depriving the right to vote and the right to stand as candidates for the elections shall be determined by the Electoral Law. (Art. 34)

The National Assembly shall comprise at least 120 members.
The Members of the National Assembly shall be elected by a universal, free, equal, direct suffrage and secret ballot.
The National Assembly’s Members are re-eligible.
Khmer citizens of both sexes, enjoying the right to vote, aged at least 25 years and having Khmer nationality by birth, have the right to be candidates to the National Assembly.
The modalities and functioning of the elections shall be determined by the electoral law. (Art. 76)

The National Assembly is an organ invested with legislative power which exercises its functions according to the provisions of the Constitution and the laws in force.
… (Art. 90)

The Senate is an organ invested with legislative power which exercises its functions according to the provisions of the Constitution and the laws in force.
The number of the Senators must not exceed half of the total number of the National Assembly’s Members.
The Senate is composed of appointed members and members elected at restricted suffrage.
The Senators can be appointed anew or re-eligible. Can be candidates to the Senate the Khmer citizens of both sexes enjoying the right to vote, aged 40 years at least and having Khmer nationality by birth. (Art. 99)

Two Senators are appointed by the King.
Two Senators are elected by the National Assembly at a relative majority vote.
The other Senators are elected at a restricted suffrage. (Art. 100)

The modalities of the organization and the functioning of the appointment and the elections of the Senators as well as the determination of the voters, the electoral colleges and the electoral constituencies must be determined by a law. (Art. 101)

All persons, individually or collectively, shall have the right to ownership. Only natural person or legal entity of Khmer nationality shall have the right to land ownership.
Legal private ownership shall be protected by law.
… (Art. 44)

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Khmer citizens of both sexes shall respect public property and legally acquired private property. (Art. 50)

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
… (Art. 32)

The law forbids any physical abuse against any individual.
The law protects the life, the honour and the dignity of the citizens.
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Confessions obtained by physical torture or mental pressure shall not be admissible as evidence of guilt.
… (Art. 38)

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The exploitation of women’s labour shall be prohibited.
… (Art. 45)

Human trafficking, exploitation of prostitution and obscenities which affect the dignity of women shall be prohibited.
… (Art. 46)

The State shall assure the protection of children’s rights as enshrined in the Convention on Children, especially, the right to life, the right to education, the right to protection during wartime and the right to protection from economic or sexual exploitation.
The State shall protect children from all kinds of labour that can be detrimental to their education and their schooling, or to their health or their welfare. (Art. 48)

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Khmer citizens of both sexes shall have the right to enjoy social security and other social benefits as determined by law.
… (Art. 36)

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The State and the society shall provide women, especially those underprivileged living in rural areas, with opportunities to benefit from assistance for a profession, for medical cares, for their children schooling and for decent living conditions. (Art. 46)

The health of the people shall be guaranteed. The State shall give full consideration to disease prevention and medical cares. Poor people shall receive free medical consultations in public hospitals, infirmaries and maternities.
The State shall establish infirmaries and maternities in rural areas. (Art. 72)

The State shall give full consideration for children and mothers, by encouraging the creation of nurseries and by attending to women without support who have many children under their cares. (Art. 73)

Every Khmer citizen shall respect the Constitution and the laws.
… (Art. 49)

A provision of any article, declared by the Constitutional Council not in conformity with the Constitution, cannot be promulgated or implemented.
The decision of the Constitutional Council is final without recourse. (Art. 142)

The present Constitution is the supreme law of the Kingdom of Cambodia.
All the laws and decisions of all the state institutions must be absolutely in conformity with the Constitution. (Art. 152)

Laws and normative acts in Cambodia that guarantee the State properties, the rights, the liberties and the legal properties of private persons and that are in conformity with the national interests, shall remain in force until the new texts are made to amend or to abrogate them, except the provisions contrary to the spirit of the present Constitution. (Art. 160)

The Kingdom of Cambodia recognizes and respects human rights as enshrined in the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human rights and all the treaties and conventions related to human rights, women’s rights and children’s rights.
… (Art. 31)

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Buddhism is State’s religion. (Art. 43)

All forms of discrimination against women shall be abolished.
The exploitation of women’s labour shall be prohibited.
Men and women have equal rights in all fields, especially with respect to those of marriage and family.
Marriage shall be done according to the conditions set by the law and based on the principles of mutual consent and monogamy. (Art. 45)

Human trafficking, exploitation of prostitution and obscenities which affect the dignity of women shall be prohibited.
The dismissal of woman worker for reason of pregnancy shall be prohibited.
Woman shall have the right to take maternity leave with full pay and with guarantee of her seniority in employment and of other social benefits.
The State and the society shall provide women, especially those underprivileged living in rural areas, with opportunities to benefit from assistance for a profession, for medical cares, for their children schooling and for decent living conditions. (Art. 46)