Syrian Arab Republic

The state shall provide women with all opportunities enabling them to effectively and fully contribute to the political, economic, social and cultural life, and the state shall work on removing the restrictions that prevent their development and participation in building society. (Art. 23)

Every citizen shall have the right to participate in the political, economic, social and cultural life and the law shall regulate this. (Art. 34)

Freedom of forming associations and unions shall be based on a national basis, for lawful purposes and by peaceful means which are guaranteed in accordance with the terms and conditions prescribed by law. (Art. 45)

Election and referendum are the right and duty of the citizens and the law shall regulate their exercise. (Art. 49)

Voters shall be the citizens who have completed eighteen years of age and met the conditions stipulated in the Election Law. (Art. 59)

The Election Law shall include the provisions that ensure:
1. The freedom of voters to choose their representatives … (Art. 61)

1. The political system of the state shall be based on the principle of political pluralism, and exercising power democratically through the ballot box;
2. Licensed political parties and constituencies shall contribute to the national political life, and shall respect the principles of national sovereignty and democracy;
3. The law shall regulate the provisions and procedures related to the formation of political parties;
4. Carrying out any political activity or forming any political parties or groupings on the basis of religious, sectarian, tribal, regional, class-based, professional, or on discrimination based on gender, origin, race or color may not be undertaken;
5. Public office or public money may not be exploited for a political, electoral or party interest. (Art. 8)

The religion of the President of the Republic is Islam; … (Art. 3)

The President of the Republic and the Prime Minister exercise executive authority on behalf of the people within the limits provided for in the constitution. (Art. 83)

The candidate for the office of President of the Republic should:
1. Have completed forty years of age;
2. Be of Syrian nationality by birth, of parents who are of Syrian nationality by birth;
3. Enjoy civil and political rights and not convicted of a dishonorable felony, even if he was reinstated;
4. Not be married to a non-Syrian wife;
5. Be a resident of the Syrian Arab Republic for no less than 10 years continuously upon being nominated. (Art. 84)

1. The President of the Republic shall be elected directly by the people;
… (Art. 86)

The President of the Republic shall insure respect for the Constitution, the regular running of public authorities, protection of national unity and survival of the state. (Art. 96)

No person carrying another nationality, in addition to the nationality of the Syrian Arab Republic, might occupy the office of President of the Republic, Vice-president, Prime Minister, deputy prime ministers, ministers, members of the People’s Assembly or members of the Supreme Constitutional Court. (Art. 152)

1. The President of the Republic might name one or more deputies and delegate to them some of his authorities;
2. The Vice-president is sworn in before the President of the Republic by repeating the constitutional oath mentioned in Article 7 of the Constitution. (Art. 91)

If an impediment prevented the President of the Republic from continuing to carry out his duties, the Vice-president shall deputize for him. (Art. 92)

No person carrying another nationality, in addition to the nationality of the Syrian Arab Republic, might occupy the office of President of the Republic, Vice-president, Prime Minister, deputy prime ministers, ministers, members of the People’s Assembly or members of the Supreme Constitutional Court. (Art. 152)

The President of the Republic shall name the Prime Minister, his deputies, ministers and their deputies, accept their resignation and dismiss them from office. (Art. 97)

1. The Council of Ministers is the highest executive and administrative authority of the state. It consists of the Prime Minister, his deputies and the ministers. It supervises the implementation of the laws and regulations and oversees the work of state institutions;
2. The Prime Minister supervises the work of his deputies and the ministers. (Art. 118)

An individual can be a minister and a member of the People’s Assembly at the same time. (Art. 126)

No person carrying another nationality, in addition to the nationality of the Syrian Arab Republic, might occupy the office of President of the Republic, Vice-president, Prime Minister, deputy prime ministers, ministers, members of the People’s Assembly or members of the Supreme Constitutional Court. (Art. 152)

The legislative authority of the state shall be assumed by the People’s Assembly in accordance with the manner prescribed in the Constitution. (Art. 55)

Members of the People’s Assembly shall be elected by the public, secret, direct and equal vote in accordance with the provisions of the Election Law. (Art. 57)

1. The system of electing members of the People’s Assembly, their number and the conditions to be met by the candidates shall be determined by a law;
2. Half of the members of the People’s Assembly at least shall be of the workers and farmers, and the law shall state the definition of the worker and the farmer. (Art. 60)

No person carrying another nationality, in addition to the nationality of the Syrian Arab Republic, might occupy the office of President of the Republic, Vice-president, Prime Minister, deputy prime ministers, ministers, members of the People’s Assembly or members of the Supreme Constitutional Court. (Art. 152)