Thailand

… Measures determined by the State in order to eliminate an obstacle to or to promote a person’s ability to exercise their rights or liberties on the same basis as other persons or to protect or facilitate children, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities or underprivileged persons shall not be deemed as unjust discrimination under paragraph three. ... (Sec. 27)

Any political party which sends a candidate for election on a constituency basis shall have the right to send a candidate for election on a party list basis.
In sending a candidate for election on a party list basis, each political party shall prepare one list of candidates, in which candidates for election of each political party shall not be the same as others’ and not be the same as the names of candidates for election on a constituency basis. Such list of candidates shall be submitted to the Election Commission prior to the end of the period for application for candidacy for election of Members of the House of Representatives on a constituency basis.
In the preparation of a list of candidates under paragraph two, the members of the political party shall be allowed to participate in the deliberations, and regard shall be had to the candidates for election from different regions and equality between men and women. (Sec. 90)

The House of Representatives and the Senate have the power to enact rules of procedure governing the election and performance of duties of the President, Vice-Presidents, matters or activities which are within the duties and powers of each standing committee, performance and quorum of committees, sittings, submission and consideration of organic law bills and bills, submission of motions, consultation, debate, passing of a resolution, recording and disclosure of the passing of a resolution, interpellation, general debate, observation of the rules and orders and other relevant matters, as well as the power to enact rules of procedure regarding the code of ethics of members and committee members and other matters for the implementation of the Constitution.
The rules of procedure under paragraph one in the part concerning the appointment of an ad hoc committee for the consideration of bills the substance of which is decided by the President of the House of Representatives to concern with children, youths, women, the elderly, the disabled or handicapped, shall stipulate that such ad hoc committee consists of the said types of persons or representatives from private organisations concerned directly with the respective types of persons, of at least one-third of the total number of the ad hoc committee members, and in the part concerning the consideration of bills introduced by a petition of persons having the right to vote, shall stipulate that such ad hoc committee consists of representatives of the persons having the right to vote who sign a joint petition to introduce such bill, of at least one-third of the total number of the ad hoc committee members. (Sec. 128)

… The revocation of Thai nationality acquired by birth shall not be permitted. (Sec. 39)

… Where a question arises as to whether any treaty constitutes a case under paragraph two or paragraph three, the Council of Ministers may request the Constitutional Court to render a decision thereon. … (Sec. 178)

The Constitutional Court has duties and powers as follows:
(1) to consider and adjudicate on the constitutionality of a law or bill;
(2) to consider and adjudicate on a question regarding duties and powers of the House of Representative, the Senate, the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers or Independent Organs;
(3) others duties and powers prescribed in the Constitution.
The submission of a petition and the conditions for submitting a petition, the consideration and adjudication, the rendering of a decision, and the operation of the Court, except as prescribed by the Constitution, shall be in accordance with the Organic Act on the Procedures of the Constitutional Court. ... (Sec. 210)

A person whose rights or liberties guaranteed by the Constitution are violated, has the right to submit a petition to the Constitutional Court for a decision on whether such act is contrary to or inconsistent with the Constitution, according to the rules, procedures and conditions prescribed by the Organic Act on Procedures of the Constitutional Court. (Sec. 213)

A person shall have the following duties:
…
(4) to enroll in compulsory education;
… (Sec. 50)

The State shall ensure that every child receives quality education for twelve years from pre-school to the completion of compulsory education free of charge.
The State shall ensure that young children receive care and development prior to education under paragraph one to develop their physical body, mind, discipline, emotion, society and intelligence in accordance with their age, by also promoting and supporting local administrative organisations and the private sector to participate in such undertaking.
The State shall undertake to provide the people education as needed in various systems including promoting life-long learning, and to enable the cooperation among the State, local administrative organisations and private sector in providing every level of education, which the State has the duty to carry out, supervise, promote and support the provision of education to be of quality and to meet international standards as provided by law on national education which shall, at least, contain provisions relating to national education plan, and implementation and inspection to ensure the compliance with the national education plan.
All education shall aim to develop learners to be good, disciplined, proud in the Nation, skillful in their own aptitudes and responsible for family, community, society and the country.
In undertaking to provide young children to receive care and development under paragraph two or to provide people the education under paragraph three, the State shall undertake to provide persons with insufficient means with financial support for educational expenses in accordance with their aptitudes. ... (Sec. 54)

A local administrative organisation has the duties and powers to regulate and provide public services and public activities for the benefits of the people in the locality, in accordance with the principle of sustainable development, and to promote and support the provision of education for the people in the locality, as provided by law. ... (Sec. 250)

National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
…
e. Education:
…
2. completing the enactment of a law for the establishment of a fund under section 54 paragraph six within one year from the date of the promulgation of this Constitution;
3. having a mechanism and a system for producing, screening and developing teaching professionals and instructors to engender a spiritual mindset of being a teacher, to possess genuine knowledge and competence, and to receive remunerations appropriate to their teaching competence and efficiency, as well as having a mechanism to promote a merit system in the personnel management of teaching professionals;
4. improving learning and instruction at every level so that students are able to study according to their aptitudes, and improving the structure of relevant agencies with a view to uniformly achieving such a goal at both national level and local level;
... (Sec. 258)

A person shall enjoy the liberty to engage in an occupation. … (Sec. 40)

The State should promote abilities of the people to engage in work which is appropriate to their potentials and ages, and ensure that they have work to engage in. The State should protect labour to ensure safety and vocational hygiene, and receive income, welfare, social security and other benefits which are suitable for their living, and should provide for or promote savings for living after their working age. ... (Sec. 74)

The State should organise an economic system which provides opportunities for the people to all together benefit from the economic growth in a comprehensive, fair and sustainable manner and to be self-reliant in accordance with the philosophy of sufficiency economy, should eliminate unfair economic monopoly, and should develop economic competitiveness of the people and the country. ...
The State shall promote, support, protect and stabilise the system of various types of co-operatives, and small and medium enterprises of the people and communities. ... (Sec. 75)

National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
…
f. Economy:
…
4. establishing a mechanism to promote cooperatives and business operators of all sizes to ensure their appropriate competitiveness and to promote social enterprises and environment-friendly enterprises, as well as establishing a mechanism to increase opportunities for employment and occupation of the people;
... (Sec. 258)

Human dignity, rights, liberties and equality of the people shall be protected.
The Thai people shall enjoy equal protection under the Constitution. (Sec. 4)

All persons are equal before the law, and shall have rights and liberties and be protected equally under the law.
Men and women shall enjoy equal rights.
Unjust discrimination against a person on the grounds of differences in origin, race, language, gender, age, disability, physical or health condition, personal status, economic and social standing, religious belief, education, or political view which is not contrary to the provisions of the Constitution or on any other grounds, shall not be permitted.
Measures determined by the State in order to eliminate an obstacle to or to promote a person’s ability to exercise their rights or liberties on the same basis as other persons or to protect or facilitate children, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities or underprivileged persons shall not be deemed as unjust discrimination under paragraph three. ... (Sec. 27)

The State should organise a management system of justice process in every aspect to ensure efficiency, fairness and non-discrimination … (Sec. 68)

... The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim), B.E. 2557 (2014) Amendment (No. 1), B.E. 2558 (2015) accordingly provides that there shall be a Constitution Drafting Committee to draft a Constitution to be used as the principle of governance and as a guide for preparing organic laws and other laws by prescribing new mechanisms to reform and strengthen the governance of the country. This is to be carried out by: ... guaranteeing, safeguarding and protecting Thai people’s rights and liberties more clearly and inclusively by holding that the Thai people’s rights and liberties are the principle, ...
The successful implementation of these matters demands cooperation among the people from all parts and all agencies of the State, in accordance with the direction of the Civil State, pursuant to the rules under the principles of a democratic regime of government and constitutional conventions that are suited to the situation and the nature of Thai society, the principles of good faith, human rights and good governance. This will in turn drive the country to progressively develop and become stable, prosperous and sustainable, politically, economically and socially, under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. ... (Preamble)

Human dignity, rights, liberties and equality of the people shall be protected.
The Thai people shall enjoy equal protection under this Constitution. (Sec. 4)

As regards the rights and liberties of the Thai people, in addition to the rights and liberties as guaranteed specifically by the provisions of the Constitution, a person shall enjoy the rights and liberties to perform any act which is not prohibited or restricted by the Constitution or other laws, and shall be protected by the Constitution, insofar as the exercise of such rights or liberties does not affect or endanger the security of the State or public order or good morals, and does not violate the rights or liberties of other persons.
Any right or liberty stipulated by the Constitution to be as provided by law, or to be in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed by law, can be exercised by a person or community, despite the absence of such law, in accordance with the spirit of the Constitution. ... (Sec. 25)

All persons are equal before the law, and shall have rights and liberties and be protected equally under the law.
Men and women shall enjoy equal rights. ...
Measures determined by the State in order to eliminate an obstacle to or to promote a person’s ability to exercise their rights or liberties on the same basis as other person or to protect or facilitate children, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities or underprivileged persons shall not be deemed as unjust discrimination under paragraph three. ... (Sec. 27)

As regards the rights and liberties of the Thai people, in addition to the rights and liberties as guaranteed specifically by the provisions of the Constitution, a person shall enjoy the rights and liberties to perform any act which is not prohibited or restricted by the Constitution or other laws, and shall be protected by the Constitution, insofar as the exercise of such rights or liberties does not affect or endanger the security of the State or public order or good morals, and does not violate the rights or liberties of other persons. ... (Sec. 25)

A person shall have the following duties:
…
6. to respect and not to violate the rights and liberties of other people and not to commit any act which may cause disharmony or hatred in society;
… (Sec. 50)

... Any person whose rights or liberties protected under the Constitution are violated, can invoke the provisions of the Constitution to exercise his or her right to bring a lawsuit or to defend himself or herself in the Court.
Any person injured from the violation of his or her rights or liberties or from the commission of a criminal offence by another person, shall have the right to remedy or assistance from the State, as prescribed by law. (Sec. 25)

A person whose rights or liberties guaranteed by the Constitution are violated, has the right to submit a petition to the Constitutional Court for a decision on whether such act is contrary to or inconsistent with the Constitution, according to the rules, procedures and conditions prescribed by the Organic Act on Procedures of the Constitutional Court. (Sec. 213)

There shall be the following organic acts:
…
10. Organic Act on Human Rights Commission. (Sec. 130)

… In proceeding under (1) or (2), if it is the case related to the human rights violation, the Ombudsmen shall refer the matter to the National Human Rights Commission for further action. (Sec. 230)

The National Human Rights Commission consists of seven commissioners appointed by the King upon the advice of the Senate from selected persons.
The selected persons must have knowledge and experience in the protection of rights and liberties of the people, and must be politically impartial with evident integrity.
The National Human Rights Commissioners shall hold office for a term of seven years as from the date of appointment by the King, and shall serve for only one term.
The qualifications, prohibitions, selection, and vacation of office of the National Human Rights Commission shall be in accordance with the Organic Act on National Human Rights Commission. However, the provisions on the selection shall also prescribe for the participation of representatives of private organisations relating to the human rights in the selection. (Sec. 246)

The National Human Rights Commission shall have the duties and powers as follows:
1. to examine and report the correct facts on violation of human rights in all cases without delay, and to suggest suitable measures or guidelines in order to prevent or redress human rights violation including the provision of remedy to the person affected by the violation of human rights to the relevant State agencies or private sector;
2. to prepare a report on the result of evaluation of human rights situation of the country to submit to the National Assembly and the Council of Ministers, and to disseminate it to public;
3. to render recommendation on measures or guideline for the promotion and protection of the human rights to the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers and relevant agencies, including the revision of any law, rule, regulation or order to conform to the principles of human rights;
4. to explain and report the correct facts without delay when there is a report on human rights situation in Thailand which is incorrect or unfair;
5. to promote awareness of the importance of human rights in every sector of the society;
6. other duties and powers as provided by law.
Upon being informed of the report under (1) and (2) or the recommendation under (3), the Council of Ministers shall expeditiously make improvement and rectification as appropriate. If it is not possible or would take a certain period of time to proceed so, the Council of Ministers shall inform the reasons to the National Human Rights Commission without delay.
In the performance of duties, the National Human Rights Commission shall also take the happiness of Thai people and common interest of the country into consideration as important factor. (Sec. 247)

... The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim), B.E. 2557 (2014) Amendment (No. 1), B.E. 2558 (2015) accordingly provides that there shall be a Constitution Drafting Committee to draft a Constitution to be used as the principle of governance and as a guide for preparing organic laws and other laws by prescribing new mechanisms to reform and strengthen the governance of the country. This is to be carried out by: ... guaranteeing, safeguarding and protecting Thai people’s rights and liberties more clearly and inclusively by holding that the Thai people’s rights and liberties are the principle, while the restriction and limitation thereon are exceptions, provided that the exercise of such rights and liberties must be subject to the rules for protecting the public; ... (Preamble)

The enactment of a law resulting in the restriction of rights or liberties of a person shall be in accordance with the conditions provided by the Constitution. In the case where the Constitution does not provide the conditions thereon, such law shall not be contrary to the rule of law, shall not unreasonably impose burden on or restrict the rights or liberties of a person and shall not affect the human dignity of a person, and the justification and necessity for the restriction of the rights or liberties shall also be specified.
The law under paragraph one shall be of general application, and shall not be intended to apply to any particular case or person. (Sec. 26)

A person shall enjoy the rights of privacy, dignity, reputation and family. … (Sec. 32)

The rights of a mother during the period prior to and after giving birth shall be protected and assisted as provided by law. … (Sec. 48)

The State should strengthen the family unit which is an important basic element of society, provide an appropriate accommodation, promote and develop the enhancement of health in order to enable people to have good health and strong mind, as well as promote and develop excellence in sports and to maximise the benefit for the people. ...
The State should provide assistance to children, youth, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, indigent persons and underprivileged persons to be able to have a quality living, and shall protect such persons from violence or unfair treatment, as well as provide treatment, rehabilitation and remedies to such injured persons. ... (Sec. 71)

The State should promote and provide protection for different ethnic groups to have the right to live in the society according to the traditional culture, custom, and ways of life on a voluntary basis, peacefully and without interference, insofar as it is not contrary to public order or good morals or does not endanger the security of the security, health or sanitation. (Sec. 70)

... Members of the armed forces, police force, government officials, other officials of the State, officers or employees of State organisations shall enjoy the same rights and liberties as those enjoyed by other persons, except those restricted by law specifically in relation to politics, capacities, disciplines or ethics. (Sec. 27)

The State should promote the correct knowledge and understanding of the public and communities regarding the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, and their participation in various aspects of the development of the country, in the provision of public services at both national and local levels, in the scrutiny of the exercise of State power, in combating against dishonest acts and wrongful conducts, as well as in decision making in politics and in all other matters that may affect the public or communities. (Sec. 78)

National reform under this Chapter must be carried out to achieve the following objectives:
…
3. the people are happy, have good quality of life, and participate in development of the country and democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. (Sec. 257)

A person shall enjoy the liberty to unite and form an association, co-operative, union, organisation, community, or any other group. ... (Sec. 42)

A person shall enjoy the liberty to unite and form a political party under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, as provided by law. … (Sec. 45)

A person shall have the following duties:
…
7. to freely exercise his or her right to vote in an election or referendum, taking into account the common interests of the country as prime concerns;
… (Sec. 50)

A person having the following qualifications has the right to vote at an election:
1. being of Thai nationality, provided that a person who has acquired Thai nationality by naturalisation must hold the Thai nationality for not less than five years;
2. being not less than eighteen years of age on the election day;
3. having his or her name listed in the household register in the constituency for not less than ninety days up to the date of the election.
...
A voter who fails to vote without notification of a reasonable cause under the Organic Act on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives may be subject to a restriction of certain rights as provided by law. (Sec. 95)

National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
a. Politics:
1. ensuring that people have correct knowledge and understanding on the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, that people participate in the organisation of political activities as well as the scrutiny of exercise of State powers, that they are able to tolerate different bona fide political views, and that the people exercise the right to vote in an election and in a referendum independently and free from influence by any mean;
...
4. having a mechanism that requires persons holding political positions to perform duties with integrity and to be held accountable to the public in the performance of their duties;
... (Sec. 258)

The House of Representatives and the Senate have the power to enact rules of procedure governing the election and performance of duties of the President, Vice-Presidents, matters or activities which are within the duties and powers of each standing committee, performance and quorum of committees, sittings, submission and consideration of organic law bills and bills, submission of motions, consultation, debate, passing of a resolution, recording and disclosure of the passing of a resolution, interpellation, general debate, observation of the rules and orders and other relevant matters, as well as the power to enact rules of procedure regarding the code of ethics of members and committee members and other matters for the implementation of the Constitution.
The rules of procedure under paragraph one in the part concerning the appointment of an ad hoc committee for the consideration of bills the substance of which is decided by the President of the House of Representatives to concern with children, youths, women, the elderly, the disabled or handicapped, shall stipulate that such ad hoc committee consists of the said types of persons or representatives from private organisations concerned directly with the respective types of persons, of at least one-third of the total number of the ad hoc committee members, and in the part concerning the consideration of bills introduced by a petition of persons having the right to vote, shall stipulate that such ad hoc committee consists of representatives of the persons having the right to vote who sign a joint petition to introduce such bill, of at least one-third of the total number of the ad hoc committee members. (Sec. 128)

A person shall enjoy the liberty to unite and form a political party under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, as provided by law.
The law under paragraph one shall at least contain provisions relating to the administration of a political party which must be transparent and accountable, provide party members opportunities to widely participate in defining policies and nominating candidates for election, and prescribe measures to ensure that the administration be carried out independently and free from manipulation or inducement of any person who is not a member of such party, as well as oversight measures to prevent members of a political party from committing any act which violates or contravenes laws relating to election. (Sec. 45)

Any political party which sends a candidate for election on a constituency basis shall have the right to send a candidate for election on a party list basis.
In sending a candidate for election on a party list basis, each political party shall prepare one list of candidates, in which candidates for election of each political party shall not be the same as others’ and not be the same as the names of candidates for election on a constituency basis. Such list of candidates shall be submitted to the Election Commission prior to the end of the period for application for candidacy for election of Members of the House of Representatives on a constituency basis.
In the preparation of a list of candidates under paragraph two, the members of the political party shall be allowed to participate in the deliberations, and regard shall be had to the candidates for election from different regions and equality between men and women. (Sec. 90)

There shall be the following organic acts:
…
4. Organic Act on Political Parties;
… (Sec. 130)

National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
a. Politics:
...
2. ensuring that activities of political parties are organised in an open and transparent manner to enable political parties to develop into political institutions of the people who share a common political ideology, and have clear and concrete processes to ensure that members of the political party truly participate and are accountable for political activities and the selection of persons with knowledge, competence, integrity and good morality and ethics to be persons holding political positions;
3. having a mechanism to determine accountability of a political party for promoting policies that have not been subjected to a thorough assessment of impact, cost effectiveness and risk;
... (Sec. 258)

There shall be the following organic acts:
…
3. Organic Act on Election Commission;
… (Sec. 130)

The Election Commission shall have the duties and powers as follows:
1. to hold or arrange for the holding of an election of Members of the House of Representatives, a selection of Senators, an election of members of the local assembly and local administrators and a referendum;
2. to control and supervise elections and selections under (1) to proceed in an honest and just manner, and control and supervise the holding of a referendum to proceed in a lawful manner; for this purpose, it shall have the power to conduct an investigation or inquiry as necessary or as deemed appropriate;
3. where the result of an investigation or inquiry under (2) indicates, or an act is found with reasonable grounds for suspicion that an election or selection under (1) has not proceeded in an honest or just manner, or a referendum has proceeded in an unlawful manner, it shall have the power to suspend, withhold, rectify or cancel the election or selection or referendum, and to order the holding of a new election, selection or referendum in certain polling stations or every polling station;
4. to temporarily suspend the right to stand for election of a candidate for an election or selection under (1) for a period of not more than one year where there is evidence to reasonably believe that such person has committed or has connived at the act committed by other persons which is dishonest or which causes the election or selection to not proceed in an honest or just manner;
5. to supervise the operation of political parties to be in accordance with the law;
6. other duties and powers under the Constitution or laws.
... (Sec. 224)

Thailand adopts a democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. (Sec. 2)

Sovereign power belongs to the Thai people. The King as Head of State shall exercise such power through the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers and the Courts in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. ... (Sec. 3)

The King is a Buddhist and Upholder of religions. (Sec. 7)

Subject to section 21, the succession to the Throne shall be in accordance with the Palace Law on Succession, B.E. 2467 (1924). … (Sec. 20)

… The National Assembly, the Council of Ministers, Courts, Independent Organs and State agencies shall perform duties in accordance with the Constitution, laws and the rule of law for the common good of the nation and the happiness of the public at large. (Sec. 3)

The King appoints the Prime Minister and not more than thirty five other Ministers to constitute the Council of Ministers having the duties to carry out the administration of the State affairs in accordance with the principle of collective responsibility.
The Prime Minister must be appointed from a person who is approved by the House of Representatives under section 159. ... (Sec 158)

The House of Representatives shall complete its consideration for approval of the person suitable to be appointed as Prime Minister from a person who has the qualifications and is not under any of the prohibitions under section 160, and is a person listed by a political party under section 88, only with respect to the list of names of political parties whose members have been elected as Members of the House of Representatives constituting not less than five per cent of the total number of existing Members of the House of Representatives. ... (Sec. 159)

A Minister must:
1. be of Thai nationality by birth;
2. be not less than thirty-five years of age;
3. have graduated with not lower than a Bachelor’s degree or its equivalent;
4. be of evident integrity;
5. not have behaviour which is a serious violation of or failure to comply with ethical standards;
6. not be under any of the prohibitions under section 98;
7. not be a person sentenced by a judgment to imprisonment, irrespective of the finality of the case or a suspension of the punishment, except for an offence committed through negligence, a petty offence or a defamation offence;
8. not be a person whose office has been vacated on the grounds of committing any prohibited act under section 186 or section 187, for a period of less than two years up to the date of appointment. (Sec. 160)

… The National Assembly, the Council of Ministers, Courts, Independent Organs and State agencies shall perform duties in accordance with the Constitution, laws and the rule of law for the common good of the nation and the happiness of the public at large. (Sec. 3)

The National Assembly consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. … (Sec. 79)

The House of Representatives consists of five hundred members, as follows:
1. three hundred and fifty members elected on a constituency basis;
2. one hundred and fifty members from party lists of political parties.
In the case where the office of a Member of the House of Representatives becomes vacant for any reason, and an election of a Member of the House of Representatives has not been held to fill the vacancy, or no declaration of name of a Member of the House of Representatives has been made to fill the vacancy, the House of Representatives shall consist of the existing members of the House.
In the case where there is any reason for the number of the Members of the House of Representatives by party list basis to be fewer than one hundred and fifty persons, the Members of the House of Representatives by party list basis shall consist of the existing members. (Sec. 83)

Members of the House of Representatives who are elected on a constituency basis shall be elected by direct suffrage and secret ballot. ... (Sec. 85)

A candidate in an election of a Member of the House of Representatives on a constituency basis, must be a person nominated by a political party of which he or she is a member, and shall not stand for election in more than one constituency. … (Sec. 87)

A person having the following qualifications has the right to stand for an election of Members of the House of Representatives:
1. being of Thai nationality by birth;
2. being not less than twenty-five years of age up to the date of the election;
3. being a member of any and only one political party for a consecutive period of not less than ninety days up to the date of the election; however, in the case where the general election is conducted due to the dissolution of the House of Representatives, the period of ninety days shall be reduced to thirty days;
4. a candidate in an election on a constituency basis shall also have any one of the following qualifications:
a. having his or her name appear in the household register in the Changwat where he or she stands for election for a consecutive period of not less than five years up to the date of applying for candidacy;
b. being born in the Changwat where he or she stands for election;
c. having studied in an educational institution situated in the Changwat where he or she stands for election for a consecutive period of not less than five academic years;
d. having served in the official service or performed duties in a State agency, or having had his or her name appear in the household register in the Changwat where he or she stands for election, as the case may be, for a consecutive period of not less than five years. (Sec. 97)

The Senate consists of two hundred members installed from a selection by and among persons having the knowledge, expertise, experience, profession, or characteristics or common interests or working or having worked in varied areas of the society. ... (Sec. 107)

A Senator shall have the qualifications and not be under any of the prohibitions as follows:
a. qualifications:
1. being of Thai nationality by birth;
2. being not less than forty years of age on the date of application for selection;
3. having knowledge, expertise and experience, or having worked for not less than ten years in the field for which he or she applies, or having the qualifications under the rules and conditions prescribed in the Organic Act on Installation of Senators;
4. being born, having his or her name listed in the household register, having worked or having a connection to the area in which he or she applies for selection in accordance with the rules and conditions prescribed in the Organic Act on Installation of Senators;
... (Sec. 108)

There shall be the following organic acts:
1. Organic Act on Election of Members of the House of Representatives;
2. Organic Act on Installation of Senators;
… (Sec. 130)

A person shall enjoy the right to property and succession.
The extent and restriction of such right shall be as provided by law. … (Sec. 37)

The State should take actions relating to land, water resources and energy as follows:
...
3. to provide measures for distribution of landholding in order to thoroughly and fairly allow people to have land for making a living;
4. to provide quality water resources which are sufficient for consumption by the people, including for agriculture, industry and other activities;
... (Sec. 72)

The State should provide measures or mechanisms to enable farmers to efficiently carry out agriculture which yields produce of high quantity and quality that is safe, low cost and competitive in the market, and should assist indigent farmers to have land for making a living through land reform or any other means. (Sec. 73)

National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
…
g. Other Areas:
…
2. ensuring a fair distribution of land holding, as well as an examination of ownership and holding of land throughout the country with a view to systemically solving the problems of land ownership and possessory rights;
... (Sec. 258)

… Torture, brutal acts or punishment by cruel or inhumane means shall not be permitted. (Sec. 28)

Forced labour shall not be imposed, except by virtue of a provision of law enacted for the purpose of averting public calamity, or when a state of emergency or martial law is declared, or during the time when the country is in a state of war or armed conflict. (Sec. 30)

A person shall have the following duties:
…
6. to respect and not to violate the rights and liberties of other people and not to commit any act which may cause disharmony or hatred in society;
… (Sec. 50)

… The State should provide assistance to children, youth, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, indigent persons and underprivileged persons to be able to have a quality living, and shall protect such persons from violence or unfair treatment, as well as provide treatment, rehabilitation and remedies to such injured persons. ... (Sec. 71)

The rights of a mother during the period prior to and after giving birth shall be protected and assisted as provided by law. … (Sec. 48)

The State shall undertake or ensure that the basic utility services which are essential for the subsistence of the people be provided in a comprehensive manner in accordance with sustainable development.
In respect of the basic structure or network of basic public utility services of the State which are essential for the people’s subsistence or for security of the State, the State shall not conduct any act which renders the ownership to be under the private sector or the ownership of the State to be less than fifty one percent. ... (Sec. 56)

The State should strengthen the family unit which is an important basic element of society, provide an appropriate accommodation, promote and develop the enhancement of health in order to enable people to have good health and strong mind, as well as promote and develop excellence in sports and to maximise the benefit for the people.
The State should promote and develop human resources to be good citizens with higher quality and abilities.
The State should provide assistance to children, youth, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, indigent persons and underprivileged persons to be able to have a quality living, and shall protect such persons from violence or unfair treatment, as well as provide treatment, rehabilitation and remedies to such injured persons.
In allocating the budget, the State shall take into account the different necessities and needs with respect to genders, ages and conditions of persons to ensure fairness. (Sec. 71)

The State should organise an economic system which provides opportunities for the people to all together benefit from the economic growth in a comprehensive, fair and sustainable manner and to be self-reliant in accordance with the philosophy of sufficiency economy, should eliminate unfair economic monopoly, and should develop economic competitiveness of the people and the country. ... (Sec. 75)

… May all Thai people unite in observing, protecting and upholding the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand … (Preamble)

The Constitution is the supreme law of the State. The provisions of any law, rule or regulation or any acts, which are contrary to or inconsistent with the Constitution, shall be unenforceable.
Whenever no provision under this Constitution is applicable to any case, an act shall be performed or a decision shall be made in accordance with the constitutional conventions of Thailand under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. (Sec. 5)

... Any right or liberty stipulated by the Constitution to be as provided by law, or to be in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed by law, can be exercised by a person or community, despite the absence of such law, in accordance with the intent of the Constitution. ... (Sec. 25)

… The decision of the Constitutional Court shall be final and binding on the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers, Courts, Independent Organs, and State agencies. (Sec. 211)

An amendment to the Constitution which amounts to changing the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State or changing the form of the State shall be prohibited. (Sec. 255)

... Other treaties which may have wide scale effects on the security of economy, society, or trade or investment of the country under paragraph two are treaties pertaining to free trade, common customs union, or the authorization of natural resources utilisation, or which cause the country to lose rights over natural resources, in whole or in part, or on any other treaties provided by law.
There shall also be a law prescribing procedures for the public to participate in the expression of opinions and to obtain necessary remedy from the effects of conclusion of a treaty under paragraph three.
Where a question arises as to whether any treaty constitutes a case under paragraph two or paragraph three, the Council of Ministers may request the Constitutional Court to render a decision thereon. The Constitutional Court shall complete its decision within thirty days as from the date of receipt of such request. (Sec. 178)

The King shall be enthroned in a position of revered worship and shall not be violated.
No person shall expose the King to any sort of accusation or action. (Sec. 6)

The King is a Buddhist and Upholder of religions. (Sec. 7)

The State should support and protect Buddhism and other religions.
In supporting and protecting Buddhism, which is the religion observed by the majority of Thai people for a long period of time, the State should promote and support education and dissemination of dharmic principles of Theravada Buddhism for the development of mind and wisdom development, and shall have measures and mechanisms to prevent Buddhism from being undermined in any form. The State should also encourage Buddhists to participate in implementing such measures or mechanisms. (Sec. 67)

A person and a community shall have the right to:
1. conserve, revive or promote wisdom, arts, culture, tradition and good customs at both local and national levels;
… (Sec. 43)

The State shall:
1. conserve, revive and promote local wisdom, arts, culture, traditions and good customs at both local and national levels, and provide a public area for the relevant activities including promoting and supporting the people, community and a local administrative organisation to exercise the rights and to participate in the undertaking;
... (Sec. 57)

The State should promote and provide protection for different ethnic groups to have the right to live in the society according to the traditional culture, custom, and ways of life on a voluntary basis, peacefully and without interference, insofar as it is not contrary to public order or good morals or does not endanger the security of the State, health or sanitation. (Sec. 70)