Thailand

A person shall enjoy the liberty to unite and form an association, co-operative, union, organisation, community, or any other group. ... (Sec. 42)

A person shall enjoy the liberty to unite and form a political party under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, as provided by law. … (Sec. 45)

A person shall have the following duties:
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7. to freely exercise his or her right to vote in an election or referendum, taking into account the common interests of the country as prime concerns;
… (Sec. 50)

A person having the following qualifications has the right to vote at an election:
1. being of Thai nationality, provided that a person who has acquired Thai nationality by naturalisation must hold the Thai nationality for not less than five years;
2. being not less than eighteen years of age on the election day;
3. having his or her name listed in the household register in the constituency for not less than ninety days up to the date of the election.
...
A voter who fails to vote without notification of a reasonable cause under the Organic Act on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives may be subject to a restriction of certain rights as provided by law. (Sec. 95)

National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
a. Politics:
1. ensuring that people have correct knowledge and understanding on the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, that people participate in the organisation of political activities as well as the scrutiny of exercise of State powers, that they are able to tolerate different bona fide political views, and that the people exercise the right to vote in an election and in a referendum independently and free from influence by any mean;
...
4. having a mechanism that requires persons holding political positions to perform duties with integrity and to be held accountable to the public in the performance of their duties;
... (Sec. 258)

The House of Representatives and the Senate have the power to enact rules of procedure governing the election and performance of duties of the President, Vice-Presidents, matters or activities which are within the duties and powers of each standing committee, performance and quorum of committees, sittings, submission and consideration of organic law bills and bills, submission of motions, consultation, debate, passing of a resolution, recording and disclosure of the passing of a resolution, interpellation, general debate, observation of the rules and orders and other relevant matters, as well as the power to enact rules of procedure regarding the code of ethics of members and committee members and other matters for the implementation of the Constitution.
The rules of procedure under paragraph one in the part concerning the appointment of an ad hoc committee for the consideration of bills the substance of which is decided by the President of the House of Representatives to concern with children, youths, women, the elderly, the disabled or handicapped, shall stipulate that such ad hoc committee consists of the said types of persons or representatives from private organisations concerned directly with the respective types of persons, of at least one-third of the total number of the ad hoc committee members, and in the part concerning the consideration of bills introduced by a petition of persons having the right to vote, shall stipulate that such ad hoc committee consists of representatives of the persons having the right to vote who sign a joint petition to introduce such bill, of at least one-third of the total number of the ad hoc committee members. (Sec. 128)

A person shall enjoy the liberty to unite and form a political party under the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, as provided by law.
The law under paragraph one shall at least contain provisions relating to the administration of a political party which must be transparent and accountable, provide party members opportunities to widely participate in defining policies and nominating candidates for election, and prescribe measures to ensure that the administration be carried out independently and free from manipulation or inducement of any person who is not a member of such party, as well as oversight measures to prevent members of a political party from committing any act which violates or contravenes laws relating to election. (Sec. 45)

Any political party which sends a candidate for election on a constituency basis shall have the right to send a candidate for election on a party list basis.
In sending a candidate for election on a party list basis, each political party shall prepare one list of candidates, in which candidates for election of each political party shall not be the same as others’ and not be the same as the names of candidates for election on a constituency basis. Such list of candidates shall be submitted to the Election Commission prior to the end of the period for application for candidacy for election of Members of the House of Representatives on a constituency basis.
In the preparation of a list of candidates under paragraph two, the members of the political party shall be allowed to participate in the deliberations, and regard shall be had to the candidates for election from different regions and equality between men and women. (Sec. 90)

There shall be the following organic acts:
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4. Organic Act on Political Parties;
… (Sec. 130)

National reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
a. Politics:
...
2. ensuring that activities of political parties are organised in an open and transparent manner to enable political parties to develop into political institutions of the people who share a common political ideology, and have clear and concrete processes to ensure that members of the political party truly participate and are accountable for political activities and the selection of persons with knowledge, competence, integrity and good morality and ethics to be persons holding political positions;
3. having a mechanism to determine accountability of a political party for promoting policies that have not been subjected to a thorough assessment of impact, cost effectiveness and risk;
... (Sec. 258)

There shall be the following organic acts:
…
3. Organic Act on Election Commission;
… (Sec. 130)

The Election Commission shall have the duties and powers as follows:
1. to hold or arrange for the holding of an election of Members of the House of Representatives, a selection of Senators, an election of members of the local assembly and local administrators and a referendum;
2. to control and supervise elections and selections under (1) to proceed in an honest and just manner, and control and supervise the holding of a referendum to proceed in a lawful manner; for this purpose, it shall have the power to conduct an investigation or inquiry as necessary or as deemed appropriate;
3. where the result of an investigation or inquiry under (2) indicates, or an act is found with reasonable grounds for suspicion that an election or selection under (1) has not proceeded in an honest or just manner, or a referendum has proceeded in an unlawful manner, it shall have the power to suspend, withhold, rectify or cancel the election or selection or referendum, and to order the holding of a new election, selection or referendum in certain polling stations or every polling station;
4. to temporarily suspend the right to stand for election of a candidate for an election or selection under (1) for a period of not more than one year where there is evidence to reasonably believe that such person has committed or has connived at the act committed by other persons which is dishonest or which causes the election or selection to not proceed in an honest or just manner;
5. to supervise the operation of political parties to be in accordance with the law;
6. other duties and powers under the Constitution or laws.
... (Sec. 224)

Thailand adopts a democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State. (Sec. 2)

Sovereign power belongs to the Thai people. The King as Head of State shall exercise such power through the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers and the Courts in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. ... (Sec. 3)

The King is a Buddhist and Upholder of religions. (Sec. 7)

Subject to section 21, the succession to the Throne shall be in accordance with the Palace Law on Succession, B.E. 2467 (1924). … (Sec. 20)

… The National Assembly, the Council of Ministers, Courts, Independent Organs and State agencies shall perform duties in accordance with the Constitution, laws and the rule of law for the common good of the nation and the happiness of the public at large. (Sec. 3)

The King appoints the Prime Minister and not more than thirty five other Ministers to constitute the Council of Ministers having the duties to carry out the administration of the State affairs in accordance with the principle of collective responsibility.
The Prime Minister must be appointed from a person who is approved by the House of Representatives under section 159. ... (Sec 158)

The House of Representatives shall complete its consideration for approval of the person suitable to be appointed as Prime Minister from a person who has the qualifications and is not under any of the prohibitions under section 160, and is a person listed by a political party under section 88, only with respect to the list of names of political parties whose members have been elected as Members of the House of Representatives constituting not less than five per cent of the total number of existing Members of the House of Representatives. ... (Sec. 159)

A Minister must:
1. be of Thai nationality by birth;
2. be not less than thirty-five years of age;
3. have graduated with not lower than a Bachelor’s degree or its equivalent;
4. be of evident integrity;
5. not have behaviour which is a serious violation of or failure to comply with ethical standards;
6. not be under any of the prohibitions under section 98;
7. not be a person sentenced by a judgment to imprisonment, irrespective of the finality of the case or a suspension of the punishment, except for an offence committed through negligence, a petty offence or a defamation offence;
8. not be a person whose office has been vacated on the grounds of committing any prohibited act under section 186 or section 187, for a period of less than two years up to the date of appointment. (Sec. 160)

… The National Assembly, the Council of Ministers, Courts, Independent Organs and State agencies shall perform duties in accordance with the Constitution, laws and the rule of law for the common good of the nation and the happiness of the public at large. (Sec. 3)

The National Assembly consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. … (Sec. 79)

The House of Representatives consists of five hundred members, as follows:
1. three hundred and fifty members elected on a constituency basis;
2. one hundred and fifty members from party lists of political parties.
In the case where the office of a Member of the House of Representatives becomes vacant for any reason, and an election of a Member of the House of Representatives has not been held to fill the vacancy, or no declaration of name of a Member of the House of Representatives has been made to fill the vacancy, the House of Representatives shall consist of the existing members of the House.
In the case where there is any reason for the number of the Members of the House of Representatives by party list basis to be fewer than one hundred and fifty persons, the Members of the House of Representatives by party list basis shall consist of the existing members. (Sec. 83)

Members of the House of Representatives who are elected on a constituency basis shall be elected by direct suffrage and secret ballot. ... (Sec. 85)

A candidate in an election of a Member of the House of Representatives on a constituency basis, must be a person nominated by a political party of which he or she is a member, and shall not stand for election in more than one constituency. … (Sec. 87)

A person having the following qualifications has the right to stand for an election of Members of the House of Representatives:
1. being of Thai nationality by birth;
2. being not less than twenty-five years of age up to the date of the election;
3. being a member of any and only one political party for a consecutive period of not less than ninety days up to the date of the election; however, in the case where the general election is conducted due to the dissolution of the House of Representatives, the period of ninety days shall be reduced to thirty days;
4. a candidate in an election on a constituency basis shall also have any one of the following qualifications:
a. having his or her name appear in the household register in the Changwat where he or she stands for election for a consecutive period of not less than five years up to the date of applying for candidacy;
b. being born in the Changwat where he or she stands for election;
c. having studied in an educational institution situated in the Changwat where he or she stands for election for a consecutive period of not less than five academic years;
d. having served in the official service or performed duties in a State agency, or having had his or her name appear in the household register in the Changwat where he or she stands for election, as the case may be, for a consecutive period of not less than five years. (Sec. 97)

The Senate consists of two hundred members installed from a selection by and among persons having the knowledge, expertise, experience, profession, or characteristics or common interests or working or having worked in varied areas of the society. ... (Sec. 107)

A Senator shall have the qualifications and not be under any of the prohibitions as follows:
a. qualifications:
1. being of Thai nationality by birth;
2. being not less than forty years of age on the date of application for selection;
3. having knowledge, expertise and experience, or having worked for not less than ten years in the field for which he or she applies, or having the qualifications under the rules and conditions prescribed in the Organic Act on Installation of Senators;
4. being born, having his or her name listed in the household register, having worked or having a connection to the area in which he or she applies for selection in accordance with the rules and conditions prescribed in the Organic Act on Installation of Senators;
... (Sec. 108)

There shall be the following organic acts:
1. Organic Act on Election of Members of the House of Representatives;
2. Organic Act on Installation of Senators;
… (Sec. 130)