Papua New Guinea

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(2) EQUALITY AND PARTICIPATION.
We declare our second goal to be for all citizens to have an equal opportunity to participate in, and benefit from, the development of our country.
WE ACCORDINGLY CALL FOR-
(1) an equal opportunity for every citizen to take part in the political, economic, social, religious and cultural life of the country; and
(2) the creation of political structures that will enable effective, meaningful participation by our people in that life, and in view of the rich cultural and ethnic diversity of our people for those structures to provide for substantial decentralization of all forms of government activity; and
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(5) equal participation by women citizens in all political, economic, social and religious activities;
… (Preamble, National Goals and Directive Principles)

WE HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE that, subject to any restrictions imposed by law on noncitizens, all persons in our country are entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever their race, tribe, places of origin, political opinion, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the legitimate public interest, to each of the following:-
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(b) the right to take part in political activities; and
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(d) freedom of conscience, of expression, of information and of assembly and association;
… (Preamble, Basic Rights)

Every person has the right peacefully to assemble and associate and to form or belong to, or not to belong to, political parties, industrial organizations or other associations, except to the extent that the exercise of that right is regulated or restricted by a law-
(a) that makes reasonable provision in respect of the registration of all or any associations; or
(b) that imposes restrictions on non-citizens; or
(c) that complies with Section 38 (general qualifications on qualified rights). (Sec. 47)

(1) Subject to the express limitations imposed by this Constitution, every citizen who is of full capacity and has reached voting age, other than a person who-
(a) is under sentence of death or imprisonment for a period of more than nine months; or
(b) has been convicted, within the period of three years next proceeding the first day of the polling period for the election concerned, of an offence relating to elections that is prescribed by an Organic Law or an Act of the Parliament for the purposes of this paragraph; or
(ba) has dual citizenship of another country,
has the right, and shall be given a reasonable opportunity-
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(d) to vote for, and to be elected to, elective public office at genuine, periodic, free elections; and
… (Sec. 50)

(1) Only citizens other than citizens who have dual citizenship may-
(a) vote in elections for, or hold, elective public offices;
… (Sec. 56)

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(3) The members of the Parliament (other than the nominated members) shall be elected under a system of universal, adult, citizen suffrage in accordance with Section 50 (right to vote and stand for public office) and the other Constitutional Laws, and the voting age is 18 years.
… (Sec. 126)

(1) Subject to this section, the Parliament is a single-chamber legislature, consisting of-
(a) a number of members elected from single-member open electorates; and
(b) a number of members elected from single-member provincial electorates; and
(c) not more than three nominated members, appointed and holding office in accordance with Section 102 (nominated members); and
(d) a number of women elected from a single-member women's electorates as defined under an Organic Law.
… (Sec. 101)

(1) An Organic law shall make provision-
(a) requiring any political party or organization having political aims and desiring to nominate a candidate for election to the Parliament, or to publicly support such a candidate as representing its views, to register with an appropriate body established by an Organic Law such reasonable particulars as are prescribed by Organic Law; and
(b) requiring any such party or organization to disclose to the Ombudsman Commission or some other authority prescribed by the law in such manner, at such times and with such details as are prescribed in or under the law-
i. its assets and income, and their sources; and
ii. its expenditure on or connected with an election or the support of a candidate; and
(c) prohibiting non-citizens from membership of, and from contributing to the funds of, any such party or organization; and
(d) defining the corporations and organizations that are to be regarded as non-citizens for the purposes of a provision made for the purposes of paragraph (c); and
(e) limiting the amount of contributions that such a party or organization may receive from any source or sources; and
(f) requiring persons who have made, or may have made, contributions to any such party or organization to give to the Ombudsman Commission, or some other authority, details of any such contribution.
(g) authorizing the funding of registered political parties from the National Budget and establishing a body to manage and distribute the funds in accordance with established procedures; and
(h) authorizing the payment in certain circumstances of a percentage of electoral expenses incurred by a female candidate in an election.
… (Sec. 129)

(1) Elections to the Parliament shall be conducted, in accordance with an Organic Law, by an Electoral Commission.
… (Sec. 126)

(1) Her Majesty the Queen-
(a) having been requested by the people of Papua New Guinea, through their Constituent Assembly, to become the Queen and Head of State of Papua New Guinea; and
(b) having graciously consented so to become, is the Queen and Head of State of Papua New Guinea.
(2) Subject to and in accordance with this Constitution, the privileges, powers, functions, duties and responsibilities of the Head of State may be had, exercised and performed through a Governor-General appointed in accordance with Division 3 (appointment, etc., of Governor-General) and, except where the contrary intention appears, reference in any law to the Head of State shall be read accordingly. (Sec. 82)

(1) The Governor-General must be a citizen who-
(a) is qualified to be a member of the Parliament (except for the reason that he occupies the office of Governor-General); and
(b) is a mature person of good standing who enjoys the general respect of the community.
… (Sec. 87)

(1) Except in the case of the first Governor-General appointed before Independence Day the Governor-General shall be appointed by the Head of State, acting with, and in accordance with, the advice of the National Executive Council given in accordance with a decision of the Parliament.
(2) A decision of the Parliament to nominate a person for appointment as Governor-General shall be made by a simple majority vote, in an exhaustive secret ballot conducted in accordance with an Organic Law.
… (Sec. 88)

WE HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE that, subject to any restrictions imposed by law on noncitizens, all persons in our country are entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever their race, tribe, places of origin, political opinion, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the legitimate public interest,
… (Preamble, Basic Rights)

(1) An office of Prime Minister is hereby established.
(2) The Prime Minister shall be appointed, at the first meeting of the Parliament after a general election and otherwise from time to time as the occasion for the appointment of a Prime Minister arises, by the Head of State, acting in accordance with a decision of the Parliament.
… (Sec. 142)

(1) There shall be such number of Ministers (other than the Prime Minister), not being less than six or not exceeding 32, from time to time, as is determined by or under an Organic Law.
(2) The Ministers, other than the Prime Minister, shall be appointed by the Head of State, acting with, and in accordance with, the advice of the Prime Minister.
… (Sec. 144)

(1) A National Executive Council is hereby established.
(2) The Council shall consist of all the Ministers (including the Prime Minister when he is present as Chairman).
(3) The functions of the Council are-
(a) to be responsible, in accordance with this Constitution, for the executive government of Papua New Guinea; and
(b) such other functions as are allocated to it by this Constitution or any other law.
… (Sec. 149)

Nothing in this Division⁴ derogates the rights and freedoms of the individual under any other law and, in particular, an Organic Law or an Act of the Parliament may provide further guarantees of rights and freedoms and may further restrict the limitations that may be placed on, or on the exercise of, any right or freedom (including the limitations that may be imposed under Section 38 (general qualifications on qualified rights)). (Sec. 33)

Subject to this Constitution, each provision of this Division applies, as far as may be-
(a) as between individuals as well as between governmental bodies and individuals; and
(b) to and in relation to corporations and associations (other than governmental bodies) in the same way as it applies to and in relation to individuals, except where, or to the extent that, the contrary intention appears in this Constitution. (Sec. 34)

(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any other provision of any law, any act that is done under a valid law but in the particular case-
(a) is harsh or oppressive; or
(b) is not warranted by, or is disproportionate to, the requirements of the particular circumstances or of the particular case; or
(c) is otherwise not, in the particular circumstances, reasonably justifiable in a democratic society having a proper regard for the rights and dignity of mankind, is an unlawful act.
… (Sec. 41)

(1) Subject to this Constitution, the legislative power of the People is vested in the National Parliament.
… (Sec. 100)

(1) Subject to this section, the Parliament is a single-chamber legislature, consisting of-
(a) a number of members elected from single-member open electorates; and
(b) a number of members elected from single-member provincial electorates; and
(c) not more than three nominated members, appointed and holding office in accordance with Section 102 (nominated members); and
(d) a number of women elected from a single-member women's electorates as defined under an Organic Law.
… (Sec. 101)

(1) A member of the Parliament must be not less than 25 years of age.
(2) A candidate for election to the parliament must have been born in the electorate for which he intends to nominate or have resided in the electorate for a continuous period of two years immediately preceding his nomination or for a period of five years at any time and must pay a nomination fee of K1,000.00.
… (Sec. 103)