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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 60 RESULTS
Limitations and/or Derogations
China
- EnglishThe exercise by citizens of the People's Republic of China of their freedoms and rights may not infringe upon the interests of the state, of society and of the collective, or upon the lawful freedoms and rights of other citizens. (Art. 51)
- Chinese中华人民共和国公民在行使自由和权利的时候,不得损害国家的、社会的、集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和权利。(第五十一条)
Marriage and Family Life
China
- EnglishMarriage, the family, and mother and child are protected by the state.
Both husband and wife have the duty to practice family planning.
Parents have the duty to rear and educate their minor children, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents.
Violation of the freedom of marriage is prohibited. Maltreatment of old people, women and children is prohibited. (Art. 49) - Chinese婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家的保护。
夫妻双方有实行计划生育的义务。
父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务,成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。
禁止破坏婚姻自由,禁止虐待老人、妇女和儿童。(第四十九条)
Marriage and Family Life
China
- EnglishWomen in the People's Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life, political, economic, cultural and social, and family life.
… (Art. 48) - Chinese中华人民共和国妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等各方面享有同男子平等的权利。
… (第四十八条)
Minorities
China
- EnglishThe National People's Congress is composed of deputies elected from the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the special administrative regions, and of deputies elected from the armed forces. All the minority nationalities are entitled to appropriate representation.
… (Art. 59) - Chinese全国人民代表大会由省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区和军队选出的代表组成。各少数民族都应当有适当名额的代表。
… (第五十九条)
Minorities
China
- EnglishAll nationalities in the People’s Republic of China are equal. The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the minority nationalities and upholds and develops a relationship of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all of China's nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any acts that undermine the unity of the nationalities or instigate their secession are prohibited.
The state helps the areas inhabited by minority nationalities speed up their economic and cultural development in accordance with the peculiarities and needs of the different minority nationalities.
Regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority nationalities live in compact communities; in these areas organs of self-government are established for the exercise of the right of autonomy. All the national autonomous areas are inalienable parts of the People's Republic of China.
The people of all nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and to preserve or reform their own ways and customs. (Art. 4) - Chinese中华人民共和国各民族一律平等。国家保障各少数民族的合法的权利和利益,维护和发展各民族的平等团结互助和谐关系。禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫,禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为。
国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要,帮助各少数民族地区加速经济和文化的发展。
各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治,设立自治机关,行使自治权。各民族自治地方都是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。
各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由,都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。 (第四条)
Minorities
China
- EnglishCitizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings. The people's courts and people's procuratorates should provide translation for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written languages in common use in the locality.
In an area where people of a minority nationality live in a compact community or where a number of nationalities live together, hearings should be conducted in the language or languages in common use in the locality; indictments, judgments, notices and other documents should be written, according to actual needs, in the language or languages in common use in the locality. (Art. 139) - Chinese各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。人民法院和人民检察院对于不通晓当地通用的语言文字的诉讼参与人,应当为他们翻译。
在少数民族聚居或者多民族共同居住的地区,应当用当地通用的语言进行审理;起诉书、判决书、布告和其他文书应当根据实际需要使用当地通用的一种或者几种文字。 (第一百三十九条)
Minorities
China
- English…
The People's Republic of China is a unitary multi-national state built up jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Socialist relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony have been established among the nationalities and will continue to be strengthened. In the struggle to safeguard the unity of the nationalities, it is necessary to combat big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and also necessary to combat local-national chauvinism. The state does its utmost to promote the common prosperity of all nationalities in the country.
… (Preamble) - Chinese…
中华人民共和国是全国各族人民共同缔造的统一的多民族国家。平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系已经确立,并将继续加强。在维护民族团结的斗争中,要反对大民族主义,主要是大汉族主义,也要反对地方民族主义。国家尽一切努力,促进全国各民族的共同繁荣。
… (序言)
Minorities
China
- EnglishThe state gives financial, material and technical assistance to the minority nationalities to accelerate their economic and cultural development.
… (Art. 122) - Chinese国家从财政、物资、技术等方面帮助各少数民族加速发展经济建设和文化建设事业。
… (第一百二十二条)
Minorities
China
- EnglishThe State Council exercises the following functions and powers:
...
(11) To direct and administer affairs concerning the nationalities and to safeguard the equal rights of minority nationalities and the right of autonomy of the national autonomous areas;
... (Art. 89) - Chinese国务院行使下列职权:
…
(十一)领导和管理民族事务,保障少数民族的平等权利和民族自治地方的自治权利;
… (第八十九条)
Minorities
China
- English…
Minority nationalities are entitled to appropriate representation on the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.
… (Art. 65) - Chinese…
全国人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员中,应当有适当名额的少数民族代表。
… (第六十五条)