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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Unless disqualified pursuant to paragraph (3) of this Section, any person who is not a citizen of the Republic of the Marshall Islands shall become a citizen by registration if, upon application, the High Court is satisfied either:
(a) that he has land rights; or
(b) that he has been resident in the Republic for not less than 3 years, and is the parent of a child who is a citizen of the Republic; or
(c) that he is of Marshallese descent, and that in the interests of justice his application should be granted.
... (Art. XI, Sec. 2)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
No citizen may be deprived of his/her Tunisian nationality, nor be banished, extradited, or prevented from returning to his/her country. (Art. 31)
- Arabic
يحجّر سحب الجنسيّة التّونسيّة من أيّ مواطن أو تغريبه أو تسليمه أو منعه من العودة إلى الوطن. (الفصل 31)
- French
Aucun citoyen ne peut être déchu de la nationalité tunisienne, ni être banni, extradé, ni empêché de revenir à son pays. (Art. 31)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishNo natural Paraguayan will be deprived of their nationality, but they may voluntarily renounce to it. (Art. 147)
- SpanishNingún paraguayo natural será privado de su nacionalidad, pero podrá renunciar voluntariamente a ella. (Art. 147)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Subject to the provisions of Part III5 of this Constitution, the following persons born on or after Malaysia Day are citizens by operation of law, that is to say:
(a) every person born within the Federation of whose parents one at least is at the time of the birth either a citizen or permanently resident in the Federation; and
(b) every person born outside the Federation whose father is at the time of the birth a citizen and either was born in the Federation or is at the time of the birth in the service of the Federation or of a State; and
(c) every person born outside the Federation whose father is at the time of the birth a citizen and whose birth is, within one year of its occurrence or within such longer period as the Federal Government may in any particular case allow, registered at a consulate of the Federation or, if it occurs in Brunei or in a territory prescribed for this purpose by order of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, registered with the Federal Government; and
(d) every person born in Singapore of whose parents one at least is at the time of the birth a citizen and who is not born a citizen otherwise than by virtue of this paragraph; and
(e) every person born within the Federation who is not born a citizen of any country otherwise than by virtue of this paragraph.
… (Second Schedule, Part II, [Article 14(1)(b)]) - Malay1. Tertakluk kepada peruntukan Bahagian III Perlembagaan ini, orang yang berikut yang lahir pada atau selepas Hari Malaysia ialah warganegara melalui kuat kuasa undang-undang, iaitu:
(a) tiap-tiap orang yang lahir di Persekutuan dan sekurang-kurangnya seorang daripada ibu bapanya pada masa kelahiran itu seorang warganegara atau bermastautin secara tetap di Persekutuan; dan
(b) tiap-tiap orang yang lahir di luar Persekutuan yang bapanya pada masa kelahiran itu seorang warganegara dan sama ada telah lahir di Persekutuan atau pada masa kelahiran itu berada dalam perkhidmatan Persekutuan atau perkhidmatan sesuatu Negeri; dan
(c) tiap-tiap orang yang lahir di luar Persekutuan yang bapanya pada masa kelahiran itu seorang warganegara dan dalam masa satu tahun selepas kelahiran itu berlaku atau dalam masa apa-apa tempoh yang lebih lanjut sebagaimana yang dibenarkan oleh Kerajaan Persekutuan dalam mana-mana hal tertentu, kelahiran itu didaftarkan di suatu konsulat Persekutuan atau, jika kelahiran itu berlaku di Brunei atau di sesuatu wilayah yang ditetapkan bagi maksud ini melalui perintah Yang di-Pertuan Agong, didaftarkan dengan Kerajaan Persekutuan; dan
(d) tiap-tiap orang yang lahir di Singapura dan sekurang-kurangnya seorang daripada ibu bapanya pada masa kelahiran itu seorang warganegara dan orang itu pada masa dia lahir tidak menjadi warganegara selain menurut kuasa perenggan ini; dan
(e) tiap-tiap orang yang lahir di Persekutuan dan pada masa dia lahir tidak menjadi warganegara mana-mana negara selain menurut kuasa perenggan ini.
… (Jadual Kedua, Bahagian II, [Perkara 14(1)(b)])
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe Olbiil Era Kelulau shall have the following powers:
…
(4) to regulate immigration and establish a uniform system of naturalization;
… (Art. IX, Sec. 5)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Persons are Zimbabwean citizens by birth, descent or registration.
… (Sec. 35)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishA person born outside Saint Lucia after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen at the date of his or her birth if, at that date, his or her father or mother is a citizen otherwise than by virtue of this section or section 99(3). (Sec. 101)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishNo Palestinian may be deported from the homeland, prevented or prohibited from returning to or leaving it, deprived of his citizenship, or handed over to any foreign entity. (Art. 28)
- Arabicلا يجوز إبعاد أي فلسطيني عن أرض الوطن أو حرمانه من العودة إليه أو منعه من المغادرة أو تجريده من الجنسية أو تسليمه لأية جهة أجنبية. (المادّة 28)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
(1) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), a person born in Tuvalu on or after the date on which this Constitution took effect is a citizen of Tuvalu by birth.
(2) A person born outside Tuvalu on or after the date on which this Constitution took effect is a citizen of Tuvalu by birth if on the date of his birth either of his parents is, or would but for his death have been, a citizen of Tuvalu.
(3) Subject to subsection (5), a person does not become a citizen of Tuvalu by virtue of subsection (1) if at the time of his birth -
(a) neither of his parents was a citizen of Tuvalu; and
(b) his father had the privileges and immunities of an envoy to Tuvalu from a country with which Tuvalu had diplomatic relations.
(4) Subject to subsection (5), a person does not become a citizen of Tuvalu by virtue of subsection (1) if at the time of his birth—
(a) his father was a citizen of a country with which Tuvalu was at war; and
(b) the birth occurred in a place in Tuvalu occupied by that country.
(5) In the case of a person who was born out of wedlock, a reference in subsection (3) or (4) to his father shall be read as a reference to his mother. (Sec. 46)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Any woman who, on 9th July 1973, is or has been married to a person-
a. who becomes a citizen of The Bahamas by virtue of Article 3 of this Constitution; or
b. who, having died before 10th July 1973, would, but for his death, have become a citizen of The Bahamas by virtue of that Article, shall be entitled, upon making application and upon taking the oath of allegiance or such declaration in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this paragraph shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy.
2. Any person who, on 9th July 1973, possesses Bahamian Status under the provisions of the Immigration Act 19672 and is ordinarily resident in the Bahamas Islands, shall be entitled, upon making application before 19th July 1974, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas.
3. Notwithstanding anything contained in paragraph (2) of this Article, a person who has attained the age of eighteen years or who is a woman who is or has been married shall not, if he is a citizen of some country other than The Bahamas, be entitled to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under the provisions of that paragraph unless he renounces his citizenship of that other country, takes the oath of allegiance and makes and registers such declarations may be prescribed:
Provided that where a person cannot renounce his citizenship of the other country under the law of that country he may instead make such declaration concerning that citizenship as may be prescribed.
4. Any application for registration under paragraph (2) of this Article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interest of national security or public policy.
5. Any woman who on 9th July 1973 is or has been married to a person who subsequently becomes a citizen of The Bahamas by registration under paragraph (2) of this Article shall be entitled, upon making application and upon taking the oath of allegiance or such declaration as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this paragraph shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy.
6. Any application for registration under this Article shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application:
Provided that such an application may not be made by a person who has not attained the age of eighteen year and is not a woman who is or has been married, but shall be made on behalf of that person by a parent or guardian of that person. (Art. 5)