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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe following persons are Ecuadorians by naturalization:
1. Those who obtain the naturalization card.
2. Under-age foreigners adopted by a female or male Ecuadorian, who shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.
3. Those born abroad of a mother or father who is Ecuadorian by naturalization, while they are minors, shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality, as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.
4. Those who marry, or have a common-law marriage with, an Ecuadorian female or male, in accordance with the law.
5. Those who obtain Ecuadorian nationality for having provided important services to the country on the basis of their talent or individual effort.
Those who acquire the Ecuadorian nationality shall not be obligated to forfeit their nationality of origin.
Ecuadorian nationality acquired by naturalization shall be forfeited by express renunciation. (Art. 8) - SpanishCon ecuatorianas y ecuatorianos por naturalización las siguientes personas:
1. Las que obtengan la carta de naturalización.
2. Las extranjeras menores de edad adoptadas por una ecuatoriana o ecuatoriano, que conservarán la nacionalidad ecuatoriana mientras no expresen voluntad contraria.
3. Las nacidas en el exterior de madre o padre ecuatorianos por naturalización, mientras aquéllas sean menores de edad; conservarán la nacionalidad ecuatoriana si no expresan voluntad contraria.
4. Las que contraigan matrimonio o mantengan unión de hecho con una ecuatoriana o un ecuatoriano, de acuerdo con la ley.
5. Las que obtengan la nacionalidad ecuatoriana por haber prestado servicios relevantes al país con su talento o esfuerzo Individual.
Quienes adquieran la nacionalidad ecuatoriana no estarán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen.
La nacionalidad ecuatoriana adquirida por naturalización se perderá por renuncia expresa. (Art. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
…
(2) Everybody has the right freely to choose his nationality. It is prohibited to influence this choice in any way, just as is any form of pressure aimed at suppressing a person’s national identity.
… (Charter, Art. 3) - Czech
…
(2) Každý má právo svobodně rozhodovat o své národnosti. Zakazuje se jakékoli ovlivňování tohoto rozhodování a všechny způsoby nátlaku směřující k odnárodňování.
… (Listina, Čl. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) The death of a citizen of Eswatini shall not affect the citizenship of a surviving spouse or child or another dependant.(2) Loss of Eswatini citizenship by a person shall not of itself affect the citizenship of a spouse or child. (Sec. 52)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. The following persons shall, provided that they were born in Mozambique, be Mozambicans:
a. The children of a father or a mother who was born in Mozambique;
b. Children whose parents are stateless or of unknown nationality;
c. Those who were domiciled in Mozambique at the time of independence and did not choose any other nationality, expressly or tacitly.
2. The children of a Mozambican father or mother working for the Mozambican State outside the country shall be Mozambicans, even if born abroad.
3. The children of a Mozambican father or mother shall be Mozambican, even if born abroad, provided that they have expressly declared, either on their own behalf, if over eighteen years of age, or through their legal representatives, if younger, that they wish to be Mozambican. (Art. 23) - Portuguese1. São moçambicanos, desde que hajam nascido em Moçambique:
a) os filhos de pai ou mãe que tenham nascido em Moçambique;
b) os filhos de pais apátridas, de nacionalidade desconhecida ou incógnita;
c) os que tinham domicílio em Moçambique à data da independência e não tenham optado, expressa ou tacitamente, por outra nacionalidade.
2. São moçambicanos, ainda que nascidos em território estrangeiro, os filhos de pai ou mãe moçambicanos ao serviço do Estado fora do país.
3. São moçambicanos os filhos de pai ou mãe de nacionalidade moçambicana ainda que nascidos em território estrangeiro, desde que expressamente, sendo maiores de dezoito anos de idade, ou pelos seus representantes legais, se forem menores daquela idade, declararem que pretendem ser moçambicanos. (Art. 23)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe citizenship is suspended, lost, and recovered in accordance with the provisions of the law. (Art. 148)
- SpanishLa ciudadanía se suspende, se pierde y se recobra de conformidad con lo que preceptúa la ley. (Art. 148)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe acquisition and loss of Liechtenstein citizenship shall be determined by the laws. (Art. 30)
- GermanÜber Erwerb und Verlust des Staatsbürgerrechtes bestimmen die Gesetze. (Art. 30)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) A citizen of Ghana may hold the citizenship of any other country in addition to his citizenship of Ghana.
…
(3) Where the law of a country requires a person who marries a citizen of that country to renounce the citizenship of his own country by virtue of that marriage, a citizen of Ghana who is deprived of his citizenship of Ghana by virtue of that marriage shall, on the dissolution of that marriage, become a citizen of Ghana. (Art. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English…
9. Citizenship, naturalisation and aliens.
… (Second Schedule – Legislative Powers, Part I – Exclusive Legislative List)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishA person who, immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, was a citizen of Seychelles by birth, descent, naturalization or registration shall, on and after that date, continue by virtue of this article to be a citizen of Seychelles by birth, descent, naturalization or registration, as the case may be. (Art. 7)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Any man or woman who, on the fifth day of August 1962 is or had been married to a person-
a. who becomes a citizen of Jamaica by virtue of section 3 of this Constitution; or
b. who, having died before the sixth day of August 1962 would, but for that person’s death, have become a citizen of Jamaica by virtue of that section,
shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he or she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica.
2. Any person who, on the fifth day of August 1962 is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies-
a. having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act, 1948 by virtue of his having been naturalised in the former Colony of Jamaica as a British subject, before that Act came into force; or
b. having become such a citizen by virtue of his having been naturalised or registered in the former Colony of Jamaica under that Act,
shall be entitled, upon making application before the sixth day of August 1964, in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica:
Provided that a person who has not attained the age of twenty-one years (other than a woman who is or has been married) may not make an application under this subsection himself but an application may be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian.
3. Any man or woman who on the fifth day of August 1962 is or has been married to a person who subsequently becomes a citizen of Jamaica by registration under subsection (2) of this section shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he or she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica. (Sec. 4)