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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
Any pleader [plaideur] may raise the exception of unconstitutionality of a law before any jurisdiction.
The jurisdiction referred to [the matter] postpones deciding and remits the exception before the Constitutional Court. In this case, the Constitutional Court decides in the fifteen days of its referral.
The Constitutional Court is the judge of the violations of the fundamental rights and public freedoms committed by the public powers, the agents of the State and the citizens. It can be referred to [the matter] by the National Institution of Human Rights.
… (Art. 96) - French…
Tout plaideur peut soulever l'exception d'inconstitutionnalité d'une loi devant toute juridiction.
La juridiction saisie sursoie à statuer et renvoie l'exception devant la Cour constitutionnelle. Dans ce cas, la Cour Constitutionnelle statue dans les quinze jours de sa saisine.
La Cour constitutionnelle est juge des violations des droits fondamentaux et des libertés publiques commises par les pouvoirs publics, les agents de l'État et les citoyens. Elle peut être saisie par l'Institution nationale des droits humains.
… (Art. 96)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court, at the demand of the President of the Republic, of the President of the National Assembly, of the President of the Senate, of the Prime Minister or of one-quarter (1/4) of the members of each Chamber of the Parliament, decides concerning the constitutionality of the laws before their promulgation. (Art. 96)
- FrenchLa Cour Constitutionnelle, à la demande du Président de la République, du Président de l'Assemblée Nationale, du Président du Sénat, du Premier Ministre ou d'un quart (1/4) des membres de chaque chambre du Parlement, se prononcent sur la constitutionalité des lois avant leur promulgation. (Art. 96)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe actions against the laws, regulations or provisions of a general character which contain a partial or total defect [vicio] of unconstitutionality, will be heard directly before the Tribunal or Court of Constitutionality. (Art. 267)
- SpanishLas acciones en contra de leyes, reglamentos o disposiciones de carácter general que contengan vicio parcial o total de inconstitucionalidad, se plantearán directamente ante el Tribunal o Corte de Constitucionalidad. (Art. 267)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The constitutionality of Acts of Parliament and treaties shall not be reviewed by the courts. (Art. 120)
- Dutch
De rechter treedt niet in de beoordeling van de grondwettigheid van wetten en verdragen. (Art. 120)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English...
2. The High Court shall have original jurisdiction to review any law, and any action or decision of the Government, for conformity with this Constitution, save as otherwise provided by this Constitution and shall have such other jurisdiction and powers as may be conferred on it by this Constitution or any other law. (Sec. 108)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
Any pleader [plaideur] can, by way of exception [pleadings], raise the unconstitutionality of a law before any jurisdiction.
… (Art. 135) - French
Tout plaideur peut, par voie d’exception, soulever l’inconstitutionnalité d'une loi devant toute juridiction.
… (Art. 135)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The disputes that Article 103 of the Constitution concerns, with the exception of those in electoral matters, will be subject to the procedures and formalities [formas] of the juridical order that the law determines, in accordance with the following bases:
I. A trial in amparo will always be held [seguirá] at the instance of the party injured [agrivada], having such character any [person] claiming to be entitled [titular] to a right or to an individual or collective interest, whenever it [is] alleged that the challenged act violates the rights recognized by the Constitution and furthermore affects its juridical sphere, either in direct manner or by virtue of its special situation before [frente] the juridical order.
Concerning the acts or resolutions proceeding from the judicial, administrative or labor tribunals, the complainant must claim to be entitled to a subjective right that affects them in a personal and direct manner;
...
V. ... The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the Federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the direct amparos that by their interest and transcendence [trascendencia] so merit it.
...
VIII. Against the decisions that the District Judges [feminine] and the District Judges [masculine] or the Collegiate Tribunals of Appeal issue in amparo[,] revision proceeds. The Supreme Court of Justice will take cognizance of them:
a) When general norms have been challenged in the demand of amparo, for considering them [estimaraos] directly in violation of this Constitution, the issue [problema] of constitutionality subsisting in the recourse.
b) When it concerns those cases comprehended in Fractions II and III of Article 103 of this Constitution.
The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the amparos in revision, that by their interest and transcendence so merit it.
... (Art. 107) - Spanish
Las controversias de que habla el artículo 103 de esta Constitución, con excepción de aquellas en materia electoral, se sujetarán a los procedimientos que determine la ley reglamentaria, de acuerdo con las bases siguientes:
I. El juicio de amparo se seguirá siempre a instancia de parte agraviada, teniendo tal carácter quien aduce ser titular de un derecho o de un interés legítimo individual o colectivo, siempre que alegue que el acto reclamado viola los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución y con ello se afecte su esfera jurídica, ya sea de manera directa o en virtud de su especial situación frente al orden jurídico.
Tratándose de actos o resoluciones provenientes de tribunales judiciales, administrativos o del trabajo, el quejoso deberá aducir ser titular de un derecho subjetivo que se afecte de manera personal y directa;
…
V. … La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos directos que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
…
Contra las sentencias que pronuncien en amparo las Juezas y los Jueces de Distrito o los Tribunales Colegiados de Apelación procede revisión. De ella conocerá la Suprema Corte de Justicia:
a) Cuando habiéndose impugnado en la demanda de amparo normas generales por estimarlas directamente violatorias de esta Constitución, subsista en el recurso el problema de constitucionalidad.
b) Cuando se trate de los casos comprendidos en las fracciones II y III del artículo 103 de esta Constitución.
La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos en revisión, que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
… (Art. 107)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The following recourses and mechanisms of constitutional control are also established:
1) The Recourse of Habeas Data as guarantee of protection [tutela] of personal data established [asentados] in archives, registers, databases or other technical means, of public or private nature, whose publicity constitutes [an] invasion of personal privacy and has relevance to the treatment of sensitive data of the persons in their intimate and familiar domain [ámbito]. The Recourse of Habeas Data proceeds in favor of any person to know in what circumstances, to what ends, when, and who makes contact with their personal data and its improper [indebida] publicity.
2) The conflict of competence and constitutionality between the Powers of the State. The representatives of the Powers of the State will promote the conflict of competence and constitutionality when they consider that a law, decree or regulation, act, resolution or provision of another organ [órgano], invades the domain of their privative constitutional competences.
3) The control of constitutionality in [a] concrete case as incidental mechanism of control. When in a case submitted to the cognizance of [a] judicial authority, it considers that a norm on whose validity the decision [fallo] depends is contrary to the Constitution, it must proceed to declare its unconstitutionality for that specific [en concreto] case. The parties in the process may solicit the unconstitutionality of a norm that is being applied to the case. The judicial authority must pronounce itself on the point, accepting [acogiendo] or rejecting the claim [pretensión].
4) The conflicts of constitutionality between the Central Government and the Municipal Governments and [Governments] of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast.
The Law of Constitutional Justice will regulate the recourses and mechanism established in this chapter.3 (Art. 190) - Spanish
Se establecen también los siguientes recursos y mecanismos de control constitucional:
1) El Recurso de Habeas Data como garantía de tutela de datos personales asentados en archivos, registros, bancos de datos u otros medios técnicos, de naturaleza pública o privada, cuya publicidad constituya invasión a la privacidad personal y tenga relevancia con el tratamiento de datos sensibles de las personas en su ámbito íntimo y familiar. El Recurso de Habeas Data procede a favor de toda persona para saber quién, cuándo, con qué fines y en qué circunstancias toma contacto con sus datos personales y su publicidad indebida.
2) El conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad entre los Poderes del Estado. Los representantes de los Poderes del Estado promoverán el conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad cuando consideren que una ley, decreto o reglamento, acto, resolución o disposición de otro órgano, invade el ámbito de sus competencias privativas constitucionales.
3) El control de constitucionalidad en caso concreto como un mecanismo incidental de control. Cuando en un caso sometido al conocimiento de autoridad judicial, ésta considere que una norma de cuya validez depende el fallo es contraria a la Constitución, deberá proceder a declarar su inconstitucionalidad para el caso en concreto. Las partes en el proceso pueden solicitar la inconstitucionalidad de una norma que se esté aplicando al caso. La autoridad judicial deberá pronunciarse sobre el punto, acogiendo o rechazando la pretensión.
4) Los conflictos de constitucionalidad entre el Gobierno Central y los Gobiernos Municipales y de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe.
La Ley de Justicia Constitucional regulará los recursos y mecanismos establecidos en este capítulo. (Art. 190)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Federal Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction over the following:
First: Overseeing the constitutionality of laws and regulations in effect.
Second: Interpreting the provisions of the Constitution.
Third: Settling matters that arise from the application of the federal laws, decisions, regulations, instructions, and procedures issued by the federal authority. The law shall guarantee the right of direct appeal to the Court to the Council of Ministers, those concerned individuals, and others.
Fourth: Settling disputes that arise between the federal government and the governments of the regions and governorates, municipalities, and local administrations.
Fifth: Settling disputes that arise between the governments of the regions and governments of the governorates.
Sixth: Settling accusations directed against the President, the Prime Minister and the Ministers, and this shall be regulated by law.
Seventh: Ratifying the final results of the general elections for membership in the Council of Representatives.
Eighth:
A. Settling competency disputes between the federal judiciary and the judicial institutions of the regions and governorates that are not organized in a region.
B. Settling competency disputes between judicial institutions of the regions or governorates that are not organized in a region. (Art. 93) - Arabicتختصّ المحكمة الاتحادية العليا بما يأتي:
اولاً:ـ الرقابة على دستورية القوانين والانظمة النافذة.
ثانياً:ـ تفسير نصوص الدستور.
ثالثاً :ـ الفصل في القضايا التي تنشأ عن تطبيق القوانين الاتحادية، والقرارات والانظمة والتعليمات، والاجراءات الصادرة عن السلطة الاتحادية، ويكفل القانون حق كل من مجلس الوزراء، وذوي الشأن من الافراد وغيرهم، حق الطعن المباشر لدى المحكمة.
رابعاً :ـ الفصل في المنازعات التي تحصل بين الحكومة الاتحادية، وحكومات الاقاليم والمحافظات والبلديات والادارات المحلية.
خامساً :ـ الفصل في المنازعات التي تحصل فيما بين حكومات الاقاليم أو المحافظات.
سادساً :ـ الفصل في الاتهامات الموجهة الى رئيس الجمهورية، ورئيس مجلس الوزراء والوزراء، وينظم ذلك بقانون.
سابعاً :ـ المصادقة على النتائج النهائية للانتخابات العامة لعضوية مجلس النواب.
ثامناً :ـ
أ ـ الفصل في تنازع الاختصاص بين القضاء الاتحادي، والهيئات القضائية للأقاليم والمحافظات غير المنتظمة في أقليم.
ب ـ الفصل في تنازع الاختصاص فيما بين الهيئات القضائية للأقاليم، أو المحافظات غير المنتظمة في أقليم. (المادة 93)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
2. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, at the request of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of Federation, the State Duma, one fifth of senators of the Russian Federation or of the deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and bodies of legislative and executive power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, shall decide cases on conformity to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of:
a. federal constitutional laws, federal laws, normative acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation;
b. constitutions of republics, charters as well as laws and other normative acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation adopted on issues under the jurisdiction of bodies of State power of the Russian Federation and under the joint jurisdiction of bodies of State power of the Russian Federation and bodies State power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
c. treaties between bodies of State power of the Russian Federation and bodies of State power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, treaties between bodies of State power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
d. international treaties of the Russian Federation pending their entry into force.
3. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation shall resolve disputes on authority:
a. between federal State government bodies;
b. between State government bodies of the Russian Federation and State government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
c. between higher State government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
4. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in the order established by the federal constitutional law, shall verify:
а) upon complaints on violation of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens - the constitutionality of laws and other normative acts, enumerated in items "a" and "b" of part 2 of the present Article, that had been implemented in a concrete case, if all other internal judicial remedies have been exhausted;
б) upon requests of courts - the constitutionality of laws and other normative acts enumerated in items "a" and "b" of part 2 of the present Article, that are to be applied in a concrete case.
5. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, upon request of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, and legislative authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, shall provide interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
...
7. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, upon request of the Council of Federation, shall issue a resolution on the observation of the established procedure for bringing charges of treason or of other grave crimes against the President of the Russian Federation or the President of the Russian Federation who has ceased to exercise his (her) powers. (Art. 125) - Russian…
2. Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации по запросам Президента Российской Федерации, Совета Федерации, Государственной Думы, одной пятой сенаторов Российской Федерации или депутатов Государственной Думы, Правительства Российской Федерации, Верховного Суда Российской Федерации, органов законодательной и исполнительной власти субъектов Российской Федерации разрешает дела о соответствии Конституции Российской Федерации:
а) федеральных конституционных законов, федеральных законов, нормативных актов Президента Российской Федерации, Совета Федерации, Государственной Думы, Правительства Российской Федерации;
б) конституций республик, уставов, а также законов и иных нормативных актов субъектов Российской Федерации, изданных по вопросам, относящимся к ведению органов государственной власти Российской Федерации и совместному ведению органов государственной власти Российской Федерации и органов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации;
в) договоров между органами государственной власти Российской Федерации и органами государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации, договоров между органами государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации;
г) не вступивших в силу международных договоров Российской Федерации.
3. Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации разрешает споры о компетенции:
а) между федеральными органами государственной власти;
б) между органами государственной власти Российской Федерации и органами государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации;
в) между высшими государственными органами субъектов Российской Федерации.
4. Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации в порядке, установленном федеральным конституционным законом, проверяет:
а) по жалобам на нарушение конституционных прав и свобод граждан – конституционность законов и иных нормативных актов, указанных в пунктах "а" и "б" части 2 настоящей статьи, примененных в конкретном деле, если исчерпаны все другие внутригосударственные средства судебной защиты;
б) по запросам судов – конституционность законов и иных нормативных актов, указанных в пунктах "а" и "б" части 2 настоящей статьи, подлежащих применению в конкретном деле.
5. Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации по запросам Президента Российской Федерации, Совета Федерации, Государственной Думы, Правительства Российской Федерации, органов законодательной власти субъектов Российской Федерации дает толкование Конституции Российской Федерации.
…
7. Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации по запросу Совета Федерации дает заключение о соблюдении установленного порядка выдвижения обвинения Президента Российской Федерации либо Президента Российской Федерации, прекратившего исполнение своих полномочий, в государственной измене или совершении иного тяжкого преступления. (Статья 125)