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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Composition and Appointment
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court consists of nine (9) members including at least four (4) women, who hold the title of Constitutional Judge.
The duration of the mandate of the Constitutional Judges is of seven (7) years, non-renewable.
The members of the Constitutional Court are designated as follows:
– two (2) Magistrates including one women, elected by their peers;
– two (2) Attorney including one woman, elected by their peers;
– two (2) [members] of a Faculty of Law [enseignants-chercheurs de Droit] including one woman, elected by their peers;
– one (1) member appointed by the President of the Republic;
– one (1) member appointed by the President of the National Assembly;
– one (1) member appointed by the President of the Senate.
... (Art. 99) - FrenchLa Cour Constitutionnelle comprend neuf (09) membres dont au moins quatre (4) femmes, qui portent Ie titre de Juge Constitutionnel.
La durée du mandat des Juges Constitutionnels est de sept (07) ans non renouvelable.
Les membres de la Cour Constitutionnelle sont désignés comme suit:
- deux (2) magistrats dont une femme, élus par leurs pairs;
- deux (2) avocats dont une femme, élus par leurs pairs;
- deux (2) enseignants-chercheurs de Droit dont une femme, élus par leurs pairs;
- un (1) membre nommé par Ie Président de la République;
- un (1) membre nommé par Ie Président de l'Assemblée Nationale;
- un (1) membre nommé par Ie Président du Sénat.
... (Art. 99)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
Constitutional guarantees are:
1. The Action of Habeas Corpus, which proceeds concerning an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary or person, which violates or threatens individual freedom or the related constitutional rights.
2. The Action of Amparo, which proceeds against an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary, or person, which violates or threatens the other rights recognized by the Constitution, with the exception of those specified in the following paragraph.
It does not proceed against legal norms or or Judicial Resolutions emanating from [the] regular procedure.
3. The Action of Habeas Data, which proceeds against an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary, or person, which violates or threatens the rights to which Article 2, paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Constitution, refers.
4. The Action of Unconstitutionality, which proceeds against the norms that have status [rango] of law: laws, legislative decrees, decrees of urgency, treaties, regulations of the Congress, regional norms of general character and municipal ordinances that contravene the Constitution in form or in substance [fondo].
5. The Popular Action [Acción Popular], which proceeds for infraction of the Constitution and of the law, against the regulations, administrative norms and resolutions and decrees of general character, whatever the authority from which they emanate may be.
6. The Action of Cumplimiento [Fulfillment/Mandamus], which proceeds against any authority or functionary that refuses to comply with a legal norm, or an administrative act, without prejudice to the responsibilities of law.
An Organic Law regulates the exercise of these guarantees and the effects of the declaration of unconstitutionality or illegality of the norms.
The exercise of the actions of habeas corpus and of amparo is not suspended during the effectiveness [vigencia] of the regimes of exception to which Article 137 of the Constitution refers.
When actions of this nature are interposed in relation to restricted or suspended rights, the competent jurisdictional organ examines the reasonability and the proportionality of the restrictive act. It does not correspond to the judge to question the declaration of the state of emergency or of siege. (Art. 200) - Spanish
Son garantías constitucionales:
1. La Acción de Hábeas Corpus, que procede ante el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza la libertad individual o los derechos constitucionales conexos.
2. La Acción de Amparo, que procede contra el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza los demás derechos reconocidos por la Constitución, con excepción de los señalados en el inciso siguiente.
No procede contra normas legales ni contra Resoluciones Judiciales emanadas de procedimiento regular.
3. La Acción de Hábeas Data, que procede contra el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza los derechos a que se refiere el Artículo 2º, incisos 5 y 6 de la Constitución.
4. La Acción de Inconstitucionalidad, que procede contra las normas que tienen rango de ley: leyes, decretos legislativos, decretos de urgencia, tratados, reglamentos del Congreso, normas regionales de carácter general y ordenanzas municipales que contravengan la Constitución en la forma o en el fondo.
5. La Acción Popular, que procede, por infracción de la Constitución y de la ley, contra los reglamentos, normas administrativas y resoluciones y decretos de carácter general, cualquiera sea la autoridad de la que emanen.
6. La Acción de Cumplimiento, que procede contra cualquier autoridad o funcionario renuente a acatar una norma legal o un acto administrativo, sin perjuicio de las responsabilidades de ley.
Una ley orgánica regula el ejercicio de estas garantías y los efectos de la declaración de inconstitucionalidad o ilegalidad de las normas.
El ejercicio de las acciones de hábeas corpus y de amparo no se suspende durante la vigencia de los regímenes de excepción a que se refiere el artículo 137º de la Constitución.
Cuando se interponen acciones de esta naturaleza en relación con derechos restringidos o suspendidos, el órgano jurisdiccional competente examina la razonabilidad y la proporcionalidad del acto restrictivo. No corresponde al juez cuestionar la declaración del estado de emergencia ni de sitio. (Art. 200)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Court shall exercise control over the constitutionality of normative legal acts in the state by means of constitutional judicial proceedings in order to protect the constitutional order of the Republic of Belarus, human and citizen's rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, to ensure the supremacy of the Constitution and its direct action in the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
... (Art. 116) - Belarusian
Канстытуцыйны Суд ажыццяўляе кантроль за канстытуцыйнасцю нарматыўных прававых актаў у дзяржаве праз канстытуцыйнае судаводства з мэтай абароны канстытуцыйнага ладу Рэспублікі Беларусь, гарантаваных Канстытуцыяй правоў і свабод чалавека і грамадзяніна, забеспячэння вяршэнства Канстытуцыі і яе прамога дзеяння на тэрыторыі Рэспублікі Беларусь.
… (Артыкул 116) - Russian
Конституционный Суд осуществляет контроль за конституционностью нормативных правовых актов в государстве посредством конституционного судопроизводства в целях защиты конституционного строя Республики Беларусь, гарантированных Конституцией прав и свобод человека и гражданина, обеспечения верховенства Конституции и ее прямого действия на территории Республики Беларусь.
… (Статья 116)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Court[,]
- decides obligatorily on:
• the constitutionality of the organic laws before their promulgation;
• the Internal Regulations of the National Assembly, of the High Authority for Broadcasting and of Communication and of the Economic and Social Council prior to their implementation, as well their conformity with the Constitution;
• the constitutionality of the laws and of the regulatory acts supposedly infringing the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms and in general, on the violation of the rights of the human person;
• the conflicts of attributions between the institutions of the State.
• the disputes of the election of the duo President of the Republic and Vice President of the Republic and of the members of the National Assembly;
- sees to the regularity of the election of the duo President of the Republic and Vice President of the Republic; examines the complaints, decides on the irregularities that it has found, by itself, [as] arising and proclaims the results of the ballot; decides on the regularity of the referendum and proclaim the results of it;
- decides, in the case of dispute on the regularity of the legislative elections;
- forms [fait], of right, [its] part of the High Court of Justice with the exception of its President. (Art. 117) - French
La Cour constitutionnelle
- statue obligatoirement sur :
• la constitutionnalité des lois organiques avant leur promulgation ;
• les règlements intérieurs de l’Assemblée nationale, de la Haute Autorité de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication et du Conseil économique et social avant leur mise en application, quant à leur conformité à la Constitution ;
• la constitutionnalité des lois et des actes réglementaires censés porter atteinte aux droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et aux libertés publiques en général, sur la violation des droits de la personne humaines ;
• les conflits d’attributions entre les institutions de l’Etat ;
• le contentieux de l’élection du duo Président de la République et vice-président de la République et des membres de l’Assemblée nationale ;
- veille à la régularité de l’élection du duo Président de la République et vice-président de la république ; examine les réclamations, statue sur les irrégularités qu’elle aurait pu, par ellemême, relever et proclame les résultats du scrutin ; statue sur la régularité du référendum et en proclame les résultats ;
- statue, en cas de contestation, sur la régularité des élections législatives ;
- fait de droit partie de la Haute Cour de justice à l’exception de son président. (Art. 117)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court emits opinions [avis] on the interpretation of the Constitution when it is referred to [the matter] by the President of the Republic, by the president of the National Assembly, by the Prime Minister, or by one-tenth (1/10) of the deputies. (Art. 133)
- FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle émet des avis sur l'interprétation de la Constitution lorsqu'elle est saisie par le Président de la République, le président de l'Assemblée nationale, le Premier ministre, ou un dixième (1/10) des députés. (Art. 133)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. There shall be a Constitutional Court which is an independent body composed of a President, Vice-President and three members, who -as well as the three deputy members -shall be appointed for a period of five years at the recommendation of the National Assembly.
2. The tasks of the Constitutional Court shall be:
a. to verify the purport of Acts or parts thereof against the Constitution, and against applicable agreements concluded with other states and with international organization;
b. to assess the consistency of decisions of government institutions with one or more of the constitutional rights mentioned in Chapter V3.
… (Art. 144) - Dutch1. Er is een Constitutioneel Hof, zijnde een onafhankelijk orgaan, dat gevormd wordt door de voorzitter, de vice-voorzitter en drie leden, die – evenals de drie plaatsvervangende leden – voor een periode van vijf jaren op voordracht van De Nationale Assemblée door de President worden benoemd.
2. Het Constitutioneel Hof heeft tot taak:
a. het toetsen van de inhoud van wetten of gedeelten daarvan aan de Grondwet en aan van toepassing zijnde overeenkomsten met andere mogendheden en met volkenrechtelijke organisaties;
b. Het beoordelen van de verenigbaarheid van besluiten van overheidsorganen met één of meer der in Hoofdstuk V genoemde grondrechten.
... (Art. 144)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishWhen determining a case, the courts refuse to give effect to a law or other legislation that is in conflict with the Constitution.
The Supreme Court declares invalid any law or other legislation that is in conflict with the letter and spirit of the Constitution. (Sec. 152) - EstonianKohus jätab kohtuasja lahendamisel kohaldamata mis tahes seaduse või muu õigusakti, kui see on vastuolus põhiseadusega.
Riigikohus tunnistab kehtetuks mis tahes seaduse või muu õigusakti, kui see on vastuolus põhiseaduse sätte ja mõttega. (§ 152)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Everyone shall have the right to request from the Constitutional Court, by a writ of amparo, the protection of his or her constitutionally recognized fundamental rights, liberties and guarantees, under the terms of the law and in accordance with the provisions contemplated in the following subparagraphs:
a) A writ of amparo may only be filed against acts or omissions of public authorities, that are injurious to the fundamental rights, liberties and guarantees, once all other means of ordinary appeal have been exhausted;
b) A writ of amparo may be requested through a simple petition; it would be of an urgent nature, and its procedure must be based on the principle of summary treatment.
... (Art. 20) - Portuguese1. A todos os indivíduos é reconhecido o direito de requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional, através de recurso de amparo, a tutela dos seus direitos, liberdades e garantias fundamentais, constitucionalmente reconhecidos, nos termos da lei e com observância do disposto nas alíneas seguintes:
a) O recurso de amparo só pode ser interposto contra actos ou omissões dos poderes públicos lesivos dos direitos, liberdades e garantias fundamentais, depois de esgotadas todas as vias de recurso ordinário;
b) O recurso de amparo pode ser requerido em simples peti- ção, tem carácter urgente e o seu processamento deve ser baseado no princípio da sumariedade.
... (Art. 20)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Council takes cognizance of the constitutionality of the laws, of the internal regulations of the National Assembly and of the international commitments, of the conflicts of competence between the executive and the legislative, [and] of the exceptions [pleadings] of unconstitutionality raised before the Supreme Court. ... (Art. 92)
- FrenchLe Conseil constitutionnel connaît de la constitutionnalité des lois, du règlement intérieur de l’Assemblée nationale et des engagements internationaux, des conflits de compétence entre l'exécutif et le législatif, ainsi que des exceptions d'inconstitutionnalité soulevées devant la Cour suprême. ... (Art. 92)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan cannot give an opinion on the changes to the text of the Constitution approved by referendum. (Art. 154)
- AzerbaijaniAzərbaycan Respublikasının Konstitusiya Məhkəməsi referendumla qəbul olunmuş Azərbaycan Respublikası Konstitusiyasının mətnində dəyişikliklərə dair qərar qəbul edə bilməz. (Maddə 154)