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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe declaration of unconstitutionality of a law and its abrogation [derogación], may be solicited, by anyone who considers himself injured in his direct, personal, and legitimate interest:
1) By way of action that must be brought [entablar] before the Supreme Court of Justice;
2) By way of exception. which may be opposed in any judicial proceeding; and
3) Also[,] the Jurisdictional Organ that takes cognizance in any Judicial proceeding may solicit[,] of office[,] the declaration of unconstitutionality of a Law and its abrogation before dictating a decision [resolución].
In the cases contemplated in numerals 2) and 3), the activity [actuaciones] must be elevated to the Supreme Court of Justice[,] the procedure following from the moment of summons for decision [sentencia], after which the judicial procedure of the partial question in the sphere of the resolution concerning the unconstitutionality must be suspended. (Art. 185) - SpanishLa declaración de inconstitucionalidad de una ley y su derogación, debe solicitarse, por quien se considere lesionado en su interés directo, personal y legítimo:
1) Por vía de acción que se debe entablar ante la Corte Suprema de Justicia;
2) Por vía de excepción, que podrá oponer en cualquier procedimiento judicial; y,
3) También el Órgano Jurisdiccional que conozca en cualquier procedimiento judicial, podrá solicitar de oficio la declaración de inconstitucionalidad de una ley y su derogación antes de dictar resolución.
En los casos contemplados en los numerales 2) y 3), se debe elevar las actuaciones a la Corte Suprema de Justicia, siguiéndose el procedimiento hasta el momento de la citación para la sentencia, a partir de lo cual se debe suspender el procedimiento judicial de la cuestión parcial en espera de la resolución sobre la inconstitucionalidad. (Art. 185)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in the territory of India, whether in a civil, criminal or other proceeding, if the High Court certifies under article 134A that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution.
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(3) Where such a certificate is given, any party in the case may appeal to the Supreme Court on the ground that any such question as aforesaid has been wrongly decided. (Art. 132) - Hindi(1) भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में किसी उच्च न्यायालय की सिविल, दांडिक या अन्य कार्यवाही में दिए गए किसी निर्णय, डिक्री या अंतिम आदेश की अपील उच्चतम न्यायालय में होगी यदि वह उच्च न्यायालय अनुच्छेद 134क के अधीन प्रमाणित कर देता है कि उस मामले में इस संविधान के निर्वाचन के बारे में विधि का कोई सारवान प्रश्न अंतर्वलित है।
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(3) जहां ऐसा प्रमाणपत्र दे दिया गया है वहाँ उस मामले में कोई पक्षकार इस आधार पर उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील कर सकेगा कि पूर्वोक्त किसी प्रश्न का विनिश्चय गलत किया गया है। (अनुच्छेद 132)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The President of the Republic may ask the Constitutional Court to undertake the prior consideration of the constitutionality of any norm contained in an international treaty that is submitted to him for ratification, in any decree that is sent to him for enactment as a law or executive law, or in any international agreement, the decree approving which is sent to him for signature.
2. Representatives of the Republic may also ask the Constitutional Court to undertake the prior consideration of the constitutionality of any norm contained in a regional legislative decree that is sent to them for signature.
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4. In addition to the President of the Republic himself, the Prime Minister or one fifth of all the Members of the Assembly of the Republic in full exercise of their office may ask the Constitutional Court to conduct a prior review of the constitutionality of any rule laid down by any decree that is sent to the President of the Republic for enactment as an organisational law.
… (Art. 278) - Portuguese1. O Presidente da República pode requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de tratado internacional que lhe tenha sido submetido para ratificação, de decreto que lhe tenha sido enviado para promulgação como lei ou como decreto-lei ou de acordo internacional cujo decreto de aprovação lhe tenha sido remetido para assinatura.
2. Os Representantes da República podem igualmente requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de decreto legislativo regional que lhes tenha sido enviado para assinatura.
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4. Podem requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de decreto que tenha sido enviado ao Presidente da República para promulgação como lei orgânica, além deste, o Primeiro-Ministro ou um quinto dos Deputados à Assembleia da República em efectividade de funções.
… (Art. 278)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
1. Subject to sections 41(5), 64(5) and 101(1)4, where any person alleges that any provision of this Constitution (other than Chapter II) has been contravened and that his interests are being or are likely to be affected by such contravention, then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply to the Supreme Court for a declaration and for relief under this section.
2. The Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction, in any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1) or in any other proceedings lawfully brought before the court, to determine whether any provision of this Constitution (other than Chapter II) has been contravened and to make a declaration accordingly:
Provided that the Supreme Court shall, not make a declaration in pursuance of the jurisdiction conferred by this subsection unless it is satisfied that the interests of the person by whom the application under subsection (1) is made or, in the case of other proceedings before the court, a party to these proceedings, are being or are likely to be affected.
3. Where the Supreme Court makes a declaration in pursuance of subsection (2) that any provision of the Constitution has been contravened and the person by whom the application under subsection (1) was made or, in the case of other proceedings before the court, the party in those proceedings in respect of whom declaration is made, seeks relief, the Supreme Court may grant to that person such remedy, being a remedy available against any person in any proceedings in the Supreme Court under any law for the time being in force in Mauritius, as the court considers appropriate.
4. The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications shall be made under subsection (1)).
5. Nothing in this section shall confer jurisdiction on the Supreme Court to hear or determine any such question as is referred to in section 375 or paragraph 2(5), 3(2) or 4(4) of the First Schedule otherwise than upon an application made in accordance with that section or that paragraph, as the case may be. (Sec. 83)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English[The following] are duties and attributions of the Supreme Court of Justice:
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5. to take cognizance [conocer] and to decide [resolver] on unconstitutionality;
… (Art. 259) - SpanishSon deberes y atribuciones de la Corte Suprema de Justicia:
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5. conocer y resolver sobre inconstitucionalidad;
… (Art. 259)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
1. The Constitutional Court is the highest judicial authority exercising constitutional review through constitutional litigation in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms, and to ensure the supremacy and direct operation of the Constitution.
2. The Constitutional Court:
1) provides official interpretation of the Constitution;
2) adjudicate cases on the conformity of laws and other normative legal acts of the Kyrgyz Republic with the Constitution;
3) give an opinion on the constitutionality of international treaties to which the Kyrgyz Republic is a party that have not entered into force;
4) resolves disputes over competence between the branches of government;
5) give an opinion on a draft law amending and supplementing this Constitution;
6) give an opinion on the observance of the prescribed procedure for bringing charges against the President.
3. Everyone has the right to challenge the constitutionality of a law and other normative legal acts if he considers that they violate the rights and freedoms recognised by the Constitution.
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6. Judicial decisions based on provisions of laws found to be unconstitutional shall be reviewed by the court on a case-by-case basis following complaints by citizens whose rights and freedoms have been affected.
... (Art. 97) - Russian
1. Конституционный суд является высшим органом судебной власти, осуществляющим конституционный контроль посредством конституционного судопроизводства в целях защиты основ конституционного строя, основных прав и свобод человека и гражданина, обеспечения верховенства и прямого действия Конституции.
2. Конституционный суд:
1) дает официальное толкование Конституции;
2) разрешает дела о соответствии законов и иных нормативных правовых актов Кыргызской Республики Конституции;
3) дает заключение о конституционности не вступивших в силу международных договоров, участницей которых является Кыргызская Республика;
4) разрешает споры о компетенции между ветвями государственной власти;
5) дает заключение к проекту закона об изменениях и дополнениях в настоящую Конституцию;
6) дает заключение о соблюдении установленного порядка выдвижения обвинения против Президента.
3. Каждый вправе оспорить конституционность закона и иных нормативных правовых актов, если считает, что ими нарушаются права и свободы, признаваемые Конституцией.
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6. Судебные решения, основанные на нормах законов, признанных неконституционными, пересматриваются судом в каждом конкретном случае по жалобам граждан, чьи права и свободы были затронуты.
... (Статья 97) - Kyrgyz
1. Конституциялык сот конституциялык сот өндүрүшү аркылуу конституциялык түзүлүштүн негиздерин, адамдын жана жарандын негизги укуктарын жана эркиндиктерин коргоо, Конституциянын үстөмдүгүн жана түздөн-түз колдонулушун камсыз кылуу максатында конституциялык контролду жүзөгө ашыруучу сот бийлигинин жогорку органы болуп саналат.
2. Конституциялык сот:
1) Конституцияны расмий чечмелеп берет;
2) Кыргыз Республикасынын мыйзамдарынын жана башка ченемдик укуктук актыларынын Конституцияга ылайык келүүсү тууралуу иштерди чечет;
3) Кыргыз Республикасы катышуучусу болуп саналган, күчүнө кире элек эл аралык келишимдердин конституциялуулугу жөнүндө корутунду берет;
4) мамлекеттик бийлик бутактарынын ортосундагы компетенциялар жөнүндө талаштарды чечет;
5) ушул Конституцияга өзгөртүүлөр жана толуктоолор жөнүндө мыйзам долбооруна корутунду берет;
6) Президентке каршы айып коюунун белгиленген тартибинин сакталгандыгы жөнүндө корутунду берет.
3. Ар бир адам Конституцияда таанылган укуктары жана эркиндиктери мыйзамдарда жана башка ченемдик актыларда бузулду деп эсептесе, алардын конституциялуулугун талашууга укуктуу.
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6. Конституциялык эмес деп таанылган мыйзамдардын ченемдерине негизделген сот чечимдери ар бир конкреттүү учурда укуктарына жана эркиндиктерине шек келтирилген жарандардын даттануулары боюнча сот тарабынан кайра каралат.
... (97-берене)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on the conformity of negotiated international treaties to which the assent of the National Council of the Slovak Republic with the Constitution and constitutional law is necessary.
(2) The President of the Slovak Republic or the Government may submit a proposal for a decision pursuant to paragraph 1 to the Constitutional Court prior to the presentation of a negotiated international treaty for discussion of the National Council of the Slovak Republic.
… (Art. 125a) - Slovak
(1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o súlade dojednaných medzinárodných zmlúv, na ktoré je potrebný súhlas Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky, s ústavou alebo s ústavným zákonom.
(2) Návrh na rozhodnutie podľa odseku 1 môţe podať ústavnému súdu prezident Slovenskej republiky alebo vláda pred tým, ako predloţí dojednanú medzinárodnú zmluvu na rokovanie Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky.
… (Čl. 125a)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe organic laws, before their promulgation, and the Internal Regulations of the National Assembly, before their application as well as their modifications, must be submitted to the Constitutional Court which decides on their conformity with the Constitution.
To the same end, before their promulgation, the laws may be referred [déférées] to the Constitutional Court by the President of the Republic, by the Prime Minister, by the president of the National Assembly or by one-tenth (1/10) of the Deputies.
… (Art. 131) - FrenchLes lois organiques, avant leur promulgation, et le Règlement intérieur de l'Assemblée nationale, avant sa mise en application ainsi que leurs modifications, doivent être soumis à la Cour constitutionnelle qui se prononce sur leur conformité à la Constitution.
Aux mêmes fins, avant leur promulgation, les lois peuvent être déférées à la Cour constitutionnelle par le Président de la République, le Premier ministre, le président de l'Assemblée nationale ou un dixième (1/10) des députés.
... (Art. 131)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishSubject to the provisions of section 36 of this Constitution, an appeal shall lie from decisions of the High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases-
a. final decision in any civil or criminal proceedings on questions as to the interpretation of this Constitution;
b. final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by section 16 of this Constitution (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms); and
c. such other cases as may be prescribed by Parliament. (Sec. 98)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) There shall be a Supreme Court in Nepal.
(2) The Supreme Court shall be a court of record. All courts and judicial institutions shall, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, be under the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall have the final authority to interpret this Constitution and laws.
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(4) All shall abide by any interpretation of the Constitution or a law made by or any legal principle laid down by the Supreme Court in the course of hearing a lawsuit. In case anyone makes obstruction in the dispensation of justice or disregard any order or judgment handed down by it or any of its subordinate courts, the Supreme Court may, in accordance with law, initiate proceedings of contempt and impose punishment therefor. (Art. 128) - Nepali
(१) नेपालमा एक सर्वोच्च अदालत हुनेछ ।
(२) सर्वोच्च अदालत अभिलेख अदालत हुनेछ । यस संविधानमा अन्यथा व्यवस्था भएकोमा बाहेक सबै अदालत र न्यायिक निकायहरू सर्वोच्च अदालत मातहत रहनेछन् । संविधान र कानूनको व्याख्या गर्ने अन्तिम अधिकार सर्वोच्च अदालतलाई हुनेछ ।
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(४) मुद्दा मामिलाका रोहमा सर्वोच्च अदालतले गरेको संविधान र कानूनको व्याख्या वा प्रतिपादन गरेको कानूनी सिद्धान्त सबैले (अदालतहरु र न्यायिक निकायहरु) पालन गर्नु पर्नेछ । सर्वोच्च अदालतले आफ्नो वा मातहतको अदालतको न्यायसम्पादनको कार्यमा कसैले अवरोध गरेमा वा आदेश वा फैसलाको अवज्ञा गरेमा कानून बमोजिम अवहेलनामा कारबाही चलाई सजाय गर्न सक्नेछ । (धारा १२८)