SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
(a) Every citizen shall enjoy the right of equality, the right of liberty and the right of justice, as prescribed in this Constitution.
… (Sec. 21) - Burmese
(က) နိုင်ငံသားတိုင်းသည် ဤဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေတွင် သတ်မှတ်ပြဌာန်းထားသည့် တန်းတူညီမျှအခွင့်အရေး၊ လွတ်လပ်မှုအခွင့်အရေး၊ တရားမျှတမှု အခွင့်အရေးတို့ ခံစားခွင့်ရှိသည်၊
... (ပုဒ်မ-၂၁)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1 Every person is equal before the law.
2 No one may be discriminated against, in particular on grounds of origin, race, gender, age, language, social position, way of life, religious, ideological, or political convictions, or because of a physical, mental or psychological disability.
3 Men and women have equal rights. The law shall ensure their equality, both in law and in practice, most particularly in the family, in education, and in the workplace.
… (Art. 8) - French1 Tous les êtres humains sont égaux devant la loi.
2 Nul ne doit subir de discrimination du fait notamment de son origine, de sa race, de son sexe, de son âge, de sa langue, de sa situation sociale, de son mode de vie, de ses convictions religieuses, philosophiques ou politiques ni du fait d’une déficience corporelle, mentale ou psychique.
3 L’homme et la femme sont égaux en droit. La loi pourvoit à l’égalité de droit et de fait, en particulier dans les domaines de la famille, de la formation et du travail.
… (Art. 8) - German1 Alle Menschen sind vor dem Gesetz gleich.
2 Niemand darf diskriminiert werden, namentlich nicht wegen der Herkunft, der Rasse, des Geschlechts, des Alters, der Sprache, der sozialen Stellung, der Lebensform, der religiösen, weltanschaulichen oder politischen Überzeugung oder wegen einer körperlichen, geistigen oder psychischen Behinderung.
3 Mann und Frau sind gleichberechtigt. Das Gesetz sorgt für ihre rechtliche und tatsächliche Gleichstellung, vor allem in Familie, Ausbildung und Arbeit.
… (Art. 8) - Italian1 Tutti sono uguali davanti alla legge.
2 Nessuno può essere discriminato, in particolare a causa dell’origine, della razza, del sesso, dell’età, della lingua, della posizione sociale, del modo di vita, delle convinzioni religiose, filosofiche o politiche, e di menomazioni fisiche, mentali o psichiche.
3 Uomo e donna hanno uguali diritti. La legge ne assicura l’uguaglianza, di diritto e di fatto, in particolare per quanto concerne la famiglia, l’istruzione e il lavoro.
… (Art. 8)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. Any act of bias [parcialidad] or of discrimination duly substantiated for tribal, ethnic, sexual, religious, social, political or other analogous motives, is punishable or castigated by the Law.
… (Art. 15) - Spanish1. Cualquier acto de parcialidad o de discriminación debidamente constatado por motivos tribales, étnicos, sexo, religiosos, sociales, políticos u otros análogos es punible o castigado por la ley.
… (Art. 15) - French1. Tout acte partial ou discriminatoire dûment constaté fondé sur des motifs ethniques, tribaux, sexistes, religieux, sociaux, politiques ou autres analogues est punissable ou doit être sanctionné par la loi.
… (Art. 15)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. Subject to the provision of paragraph (4), (5) and (9) of this Article no law shall make any provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
2. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (6), (9) and (10) of this Article, no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the function of any public office or any public authority.
3. In this Article, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different person attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin political opinions colour or creed whereby person of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which person of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
b. with respect to the entry into or exclusion from, or the employment, engaging in any business or profession, movement of residence within, The Bahamas of persons who are not citizens of The Bahamas; or
c. with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law; or
d. whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in paragraph (3) for this Article may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society;
…
5. Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent whit or in contravention of paragraph (1) of this Article to the extent that it makes provision with respect to standards or qualifications (not being a standard or qualification specifically relating to race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed) in order to be eligible for service as a public officer or as a member of a disciplined force of for the service of a local government authority or a body corporate established by law for public purposes.
6. Paragraph (2) of this Article shall not apply to anything which is expressly of by necessary implication authorized to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in paragraphs (4) or (5) of this Article.
7. Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (4)(e) and of paragraph (9) of this Article no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner in respect of access to any of the following places to which the general public have access, namely, shops, hotels, restaurants, eating-houses, licensed premises, places of entertainment or places of resort.
8. Subject to the provisions of this Article no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner-
a. in respect of any conveyance or lease or agreement for, or in consideration of , or collateral to, a conveyance or lease of any freehold or leasehold hereditament which have been offered for sale or lease to the general public;
b. in respect of any covenant or provision in any conveyance or lease or agreement for , or in consideration of, or collateral to, a conveyance or lease restricting by discriminatory provision the transfer, ownership, use or occupation of any freehold or leasehold hereditament which have been offered for sale or lease to the general public.
9. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this Article to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in paragraph (3) of this Article may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by Articles 21,22,23,24 and 25 of this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorized by Article 21(2)(a), 22(5), 23(2), 24(2) or 25(2)(a) or (e), as the case may be.
10. Nothing in paragraph (2) of this Article shall affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law. (Art. 26)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishIn the Constitution,--
(a) words importing the masculine gender shall be taken to include females;
… (Art. 263) - Urduاس دستور میں،--
(الف) وہ الفاظ جن سے صیغہ مذکر کا مفہوم نکلتا ہو، صیغہ مونث پر بھی حاوی سمجھے جائیں گے؛
... (آرٹیکل ۲۶۳)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
(1) All persons are equal under the law and are entitled to the equal protection of the laws.
(2) No law and no executive or judicial action shall, either expressly, or in its practical application, discriminate against any person on the basis of gender, race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, place of birth, family status or descent.
(3) Nothing in this Section shall be deemed to preclude non-arbitrary preferences for citizens pursuant to law. (Art. II, Sec. 12)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) All persons shall be equal before the law.
(2) Subject to the provisions of subsection (5), no law shall make any provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(3) Subject to the provisions of subsection (5), no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(4) In this section, the expression "discrimination" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, colour, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject, or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(5) Subsection (2) shall not apply to any law in so far as that law makes provision—
…
(b) with respect to the qualifications prescribed by this Constitution for any office;
(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
(d) for the application in the case of members of a particular race or tribe of customary law with respect to any matter in the case of persons who, under that law, are subject to that law.
(6) Subsection (3) shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorised to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (5).
(7) The exercise of any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by the Constitution or any other law shall not be enquired into by any court on the grounds that it contravenes the provisions of subsection (3). (Sec. 33)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishNotwithstanding anything in this Charter3, the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons. (Constitution Act 1982, Sec. 28)
- FrenchIndépendamment des autres dispositions de la présente charte, les droits et libertés qui y sont mentionnés sont garantis également aux personnes des deux sexes. (Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, Sec. 28)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishSociety in the Syrian Arab Republic shall be based on the basis of solidarity, symbiosis and respect for the principles of social justice, freedom, equality and maintenance of human dignity of every individual. (Art. 19)
- Arabicيقوم المجتمع في الجمهورية العربية السورية على أساس التضامن والتكافل واحترام مبادئ العدالة الإجتماعية والحرية والمساواة وصيانة الكرامة الإنسانية لكل فرد. (المادّة 19)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishWE HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE that, subject to any restrictions imposed by law on noncitizens, all persons in our country are entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever their race, tribe, places of origin, political opinion, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the legitimate public interest, to each of the following:-
(a) … the protection of the law;
… (Preamble, Basic Rights)