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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishAll persons shall be equal before the law, courts, and other state institutions and officials.
Human rights may not be restricted; no one may be granted any privileges on the grounds of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, social status, belief, convictions, or views. (Art. 29) - LithuanianĮstatymui, teismui ir kitoms valstybės institucijoms ar pareigūnams visi asmenys lygūs.
Žmogaus teisių negalima varžyti ir teikti jam privilegijų dėl jo lyties, rasės, tautybės, kalbos, kilmės, socialinės padėties, tikėjimo, įsitikinimų ar pažiūrų pagrindu. (29 straipsnis)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe rights and [the] guarantees granted by the Constitution do not exclude others that, even though they are not expressly mentioned in it, are inherent to the human person.
The social interest prevails over the individual [particular] interest.
The laws and the government provisions or [those of] any other order that reduce, restrict, or distort the rights guaranteed by the Constitution are void ipso jure. (Art. 44) - SpanishLos derechos y garantías que otorga la Constitución no excluyen otros que, aunque no figuren expresamente en ella, son inherentes a la persona humana.
El interés social prevalece sobre el interés particular.
Serán nulas ipso jure las leyes y las disposiciones gubernativas o de cualquier otro orden que disminuyan, restrinjan o tergiversen los derechos que la Constitución garantiza. (Art. 44)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- Englisha. The President may, in consultation with the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, proclaim and declare and the existence of a state of emergency in the Republic or any part thereof. Acting pursuant thereto, the President may suspend or affect certain rights, freedoms and guarantees contained in this Constitution and exercise such other emergency powers as may be necessary and appropriate to take care of the emergency, subject, however, to the limitations contained in this Chapter.
b. A state of emergency may be declared only where there is a threat or outbreak of war or where there is civil unrest affecting the existence, security or well-being of the Republic amounting to a clear and present danger. (Art. 86)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The statute specifying the scope of limitation of the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens in times of martial law and states of emergency shall not limit the freedoms and rights specified in Article 30 (the dignity of the person), Article 34 and Article 36 (citizenship), Article 38 (protection of life), Article 39, Article 40 and Article 41, para.4 (humane treatment), Article 42 (ascription of criminal responsibility), Article 45 (access to a court), Article 47 (personal rights), Article 53 (conscience and religion), Article 63 (petitions), as well as Article 48 and Article 72 (family and children).
2. Limitation of the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens only by reason of race, gender, language, faith or lack of it, social origin, ancestry or property shall be prohibited.
3. The statute specifying the scope of limitation of the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens during states of natural disasters may limit the freedoms and rights specified in Article 22 (freedom of economic activity), Article 41, paras. 1, 3 and 5 (personal freedom), Article 50 (inviolability of the home), Article 52, para. 1 (freedom of movement and sojourn on the territory of the Republic of Poland), Article 59, para. 3 (the right to strike), Article 64 (the right of ownership), Article 65, para. 1 (freedom to work), Article 66, para. 1 (the right to safe and hygienic conditions of work) as well as Article 66, para. 2 (the right to rest). (Art. 233) - Polish1. Ustawa określająca zakres ograniczeń wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela w czasie stanu wojennego i wyjątkowego nie może ograniczać wolności i praw określonych w art. 30 (godność człowieka), art. 34 i art. 36 (obywatelstwo), art. 38 (ochrona życia), art. 39, art. 40 i art. 41 ust. 4 (humanitarne traktowanie), art. 42 (ponoszenie odpowiedzialności karnej), art. 45 (dostęp do sądu), art. 47 (dobra osobiste), art. 53 (sumienie i religia), art. 63 (petycje) oraz art. 48 i art. 72 (rodzina i dziecko).
2. Niedopuszczalne jest ograniczenie wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela wyłącznie z powodu rasy, płci, języka, wyznania lub jego braku, pochodzenia społecznego, urodzenia oraz majątku.
3. Ustawa określająca zakres ograniczeń wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela w stanie klęski żywiołowej może ograniczać wolności i prawa określone w art. 22 (wolność działalności gospodarczej), art. 41 ust. 1, 3 i 5 (wolność osobista), art. 50 (nienaruszalność mieszkania), art. 52 ust. 1 (wolność poruszania się i pobytu na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), art. 59 ust. 3 (prawo do strajku), art. 64 (prawo własności), art. 65 ust. 1 (wolność pracy), art. 66 ust. 1 (prawo do bezpiecznych i higienicznych warunków pracy) oraz art. 66 ust. 2 (prawo do wypoczynku). (Art. 233)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
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The rights of citizens are suspended by imposition of grave corporal penalty or specific accessory penalty, and for executory sentence of civil interdiction. (Art. 47) - Spanish
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Los derechos ciudadanos se suspenden por imposición de pena corporal grave o penas accesorias específicas, y por sentencia ejecutoriada de interdicción civil. (Art. 47)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
… (Art. 13) - Hindi...
(2) राज्य ऐसी कोई विधि नहीं बनाएगा जो इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों को छीनती है या न्यून करती है और इस खंड के उल्लंघन में बनाई गई प्रत्येक विधि उल्लंघन की मात्रा तक शून्य होगी।
… (अनुच्छेद 13)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
(1) Obligations can only be imposed:
a) by the law or on the basis of a law, within its limits and in the respect of fundamental rights and liberties.
b) by international agreement according to art. 7, paragr. 4, which directly determines the rights and obligations of physical and legal persons, or
c) by directive of the Government according to art. 119, paragr. 2.
(2) Limitation of fundamental rights and freedoms shall be imposed only under the conditions set forth in this Constitution.
(3) Restrictions of constitutional rights and freedoms shall be applied equally and consistently in all similar cases.
(4) When imposing restrictions on constitutional rights and freedoms, respect must be given to the essence and meaning of these rights and freedoms and such restrictions shall be used only for specifically defined purposes. (Art. 13) - Slovak
(1) Povinnosti moţno ukladať
a) zákonom alebo na základe zákona, v jeho medziach a pri zachovaní základných práv a slobôd,
b) medzinárodnou zmluvou podľa čl. 7 ods. 4, ktorá priamo zakladá práva a povinnosti fyzických osôb alebo právnických osôb, alebo
c) nariadením vlády podľa čl. 120 ods. 2.
(2) Medze základných práv a slobôd moţno upraviť za podmienok ustanovených touto ústavou len zákonom.
(3) Zákonné obmedzenia základných práv a slobôd musia platiť rovnako pre všetky prípady, ktoré spĺňajú ustanovené podmienky.
(4) Pri obmedzovaní základných práv a slobôd sa musí dbať na ich podstatu a zmysel.
Takéto obmedzenia sa môţu pouţiť len na ustanovený cieľ. (Čl. 13)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishWhere every person in Saint Vincent is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, color, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely-
a. life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law;
b. freedom of conscience, of expressions and of assembly and association: and
c. protection for the privacy of his home and other property and from deprivation of property without compensation, the provisions of this Chapter4 shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to those rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any person does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of other or the public interest. (Sec. 1)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Rights and freedoms of an individual and citizen may be limited only by law and only to the extent necessary for the protection of the constitutional system, defense of public order, human rights and freedoms, and the health and morality of the population.
2. Any acts capable of violating inter-ethnic and inter-religious harmony shall be recognized as unconstitutional.
3. Restriction of the rights and freedoms of citizens for political reasons shall not be allowed in any form. The rights and freedoms provided for by articles 11, 13–15, paragraph 1 of article 16, article 17, article 19, article 22, paragraph 2 of article 26 of the Constitution, are not subject to limitation in any case. (Art. 39) - Kazak1. Адамның және азаматтың құқықтары мен бостандықтары конституциялық құрылысты қорғау, қоғамдық тәртiптi, адамның құқықтары мен бостандықтарын, халықтың денсаулығы мен имандылығын сақтау мақсатына қажеттi шамада ғана және тек заңмен шектелуi мүмкiн.
2. Ұлтаралық және конфессияаралық татулықты бұзатын кез келген әрекет конституциялық емес деп танылады.
3. Саяси себептер бойынша азаматтардың құқықтары мен бостандықтарын қандай да бiр түрде шектеуге жол берiлмейдi. Конституцияның 11; 13-15-баптарында; 16-бабының 1-тармағында; 17-бабында; 19-бабында; 22-бабында; 26-бабының 2-тармағында көзделген құқықтар мен бостандықтар ешбiр жағдайда да шектелмеуге тиiс. (39-бап)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
(1) A declaration of a state of emergency cannot under any circumstances violate the right to life and physical and mental integrity of the person, the rights granted to people by law in relation to their status, capacity and nationality; the principle of nonretroactivity of criminal law, the right to defence and freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
(2) A declaration of a state of emergency cannot under any circumstances affect powers of the President of the Republic, the Parliament, the Supreme Court and the Prime Minister nor can it modify the principles relating to the responsibility of the State and public servants provided for in this Constitution. (Art. 136) - Kinyarwanda
(1) Gutangaza ibihe by’amage ntibishobora na rimwe kubangamira uburenganzira bwo kubaho, kudahungabanywa ku mubiri no mu mutwe, uburenganzira abantu bahabwa n’amategeko ku miterere n’ububasha byabo, ku bwenegihugu, ihame ry’uko itegeko mpanabyaha ridahana icyaha cyakozwe mbere y’uko rijyaho, uburenganzira bwo kwiregura n’ubwisanzure mu bitekerezo, mu mutimanama no ku idini.
(2) Gutangaza ibihe by’amage ntibishobora na rimwe kubangamira ububasha bwa Perezida wa Repubulika, ubw’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ubw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’ubwa Minisitiri w’Intebe cyangwa guhindura amahame yerekeye ibyo Leta n’abakozi bayo bashobora kuryozwa hakurikijwe iri Tegeko Nshinga. (Ingingo ya 136) - French
(1) La déclaration de l’état d’urgence ne peut en aucun cas porter atteinte au droit à la vie, à l’intégrité physique et mentale, à l’état et à la capacité des personnes, à la nationalité, à la non-rétroactivité de la loi pénale, au droit de la défense ni à la liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion.
(2) La déclaration de l’état d’urgence ne peut en aucun cas affecter les compétences du Président de la République, du Parlement, de la Cour Suprême et du Premier Ministre ni modifier les principes de responsabilité de l’État et de ses agents consacrés par la présente Constitution. (Art. 136)