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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe tribunals of justice cannot qualify the bases [fundamentos] or the factual circumstances invoked by the authority to decree the states of exception, without prejudice to that provided in Article 39. However, concerning the specific measures which affect constitutional rights, the guarantee of recourse before the judicial authorities by means of the recourses that correspond[,] will always exist.
The requisitions that [have been] made give rise to indemnifications, in conformity with the law. The limitations imposed on the right to ownership[,] when they produce deprivation of any of its essential attributes or faculties and so cause injury, will also give rise to the right of indemnification. (Art. 45) - SpanishLos tribunales de justicia no podrán calificar los fundamentos ni las circunstancias de hecho invocados por la autoridad para decretar los estados de excepción, sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artículo 39. No obstante, respecto de las medidas particulares que afecten derechos constitucionales, siempre existirá la garantía de recurrir ante las autoridades judiciales a través de los recursos que corresponda.
Las requisiciones que se practiquen darán lugar a indemnizaciones en conformidad a la ley. También darán derecho a indemnización las limitaciones que se impongan al derecho de propiedad cuando importen privación de alguno de sus atributos o facultades esenciales y con ello se cause daño. (Art. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
…
(3) The rules for fundamental rights and obligations shall be laid down in an Act. A fundamental right may only be restricted to allow the effective use of another fundamental right or to protect a constitutional value, to the extent absolutely necessary, proportionate to the objective pursued and with full respect for the essential content of that fundamental right.
… (Freedom and Responsibility, Art. I) - Hungarian
…
(3) Az alapvető jogokra és kötelezettségekre vonatkozó szabályokat törvény állapítja meg. Alapvető jog más alapvető jog érvényesülése vagy valamely alkotmányos érték védelme érdekében, a feltétlenül szükséges mértékben, az elérni kívánt céllal arányosan, az alapvető jog lényeges tartalmának tiszteletben tartásával korlátozható.
… (Szabadság és Felelősség, I. cikk)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution do not negate other rights foreseen by the laws of the Republic and applicable rules of international law.
2. Constitutional and legal principles relating to fundamental rights have to be interpreted in harmony with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (Art. 29) - Portuguese1 - Os direitos fundamentais consagrados na Constituição não excluem quaisquer outros constantes das demais leis da República e das regras aplicáveis de direito internacional.
2 - Os preceitos constitucionais e legais relativos aos direitos fundamentais devem ser interpretados de harmonia com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. (Art. 29)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
6. In the States of Interior Commotion and of Emergency, only the following rights recognized by this Constitution may be suspended:
a. Remission to prison, following the provisions of Article 40, number 1
b. Deprivation of liberty without cause or without the legal formalities, following that provided in Article 40, number 6.
c. Times of submission to the judicial authority or for being set free, established in Article 40, number 5.
d. The transfer from prison establishments or other locations, provided in Article 40, number 12.
e. The presentation of detained persons, established in Article 40, number 11.
f. That related to habeas corpus, regulated in Article 71.
g. The inviolability of the home and private premises, provided in Article 44, number 1
h. The freedom of transit, provided in Article 46.
i. Freedom of expression, in the terms provided by Article 49.
j. The freedoms of association and meeting, establishes in Articles 47 and 48.
k. The inviolability of correspondence, established in Article 44, number 3.
… (Art. 266) - Spanish…
6) En los Estados de Conmoción Interior y de Emergencia, sólo podrán suspenderse los siguientes derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución:
a) Reducción a prisión, según las disposiciones del artículo 40, numeral 1);
b) Privación de libertad sin causa o sin las formalidades legales, según lo dispone el artículo 40, numeral 6);
c) Plazos de sometimiento a la autoridad judicial o para la puesta en libertad, establecidos en el artículo 40, numeral 5);
d) El traslado desde establecimientos carcelarios u otros lugares, dispuesto en el artículo 40, numeral 12);
e) La presentación de detenidos, establecida en el artículo 40, numeral 11);
f) Lo relativo al hábeas corpus, regulado en el artículo 71;
g) La inviolabilidad del domicilio y de recintos privados, dispuesta en el artículo 44, numeral 1);
h) La libertad de tránsito, dispuesta en el artículo 46;
i) La libertad de expresión, en los términos dispuestos por el artículo 49;
j) Las libertades de asociación y de reunión, establecidas en los artículos 47 y 48;
k) La inviolabilidad de la correspondencia, establecida en el artículo 44, numeral 3).
… (Art. 266)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishGuaranteed human rights and freedoms may be limited only by the law, within the scope permitted by the Constitution and to such an extent which is necessary to meet the purpose for which the limitation is allowed, in an open and democratic society.
Limitations shall not be introduced for other purposes except for those for which they have been provided for. (Art. 24) - MontenegrinZajemčena ljudska prava i slobode mogu se ograničiti samo zakonom, u obimu koji dopušta Ustav u mjeri koja je neophodna da bi se u otvorenom i slobodnom demokratskom društvu zadovoljila svrha zbog koje je ograničenje dozvoljeno.
Ograničenja se ne smiju uvoditi u druge svrhe osim onih radi kojih su propisana. (Član 24)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. No derogation from rights contained in this Chapter8 shall be permissible save to the extent provided for by this section and no such derogation shall be made unless there has been a declaration of a state of emergency within the meaning of this section.
2. There shall be no derogation with regard to—
a. the right to life;
b. the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
c. the prohibition of genocide;
d. the prohibition of slavery, the slave trade and slave-like practices;
e. the prohibition of imprisonment for failure to meet contractual obligations;
f. the prohibition on retrospective criminalization and the retrospective imposition of greater penalties for criminal acts;
g. the right to equality and recognition before the law;
h. the right to freedom of conscience, belief, thought and religion and to academic freedom; or
i. the right to habeas corpus.
…
4. Derogation from the rights contained in this Chapter, other than the rights listed in subsection (2), shall be permissible during a state of emergency within the meaning of this section and to the extent that—
a. such derogation is consistent with the obligations of Malawi under international law; and
b. in the case of—
i. war or threat of war, it is strictly required to prevent the lives of defensive combatants and civilians as well as legitimate military objectives from being placed in direct jeopardy; or
ii. a widespread natural disaster, it is strictly required for the protection and relief of those people and facilities whether in or outside the disaster area.
… (Sec. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe attributions of the National Assembly are:
…
6. to decide on the opportuneness of the state of urgency and the state of siege, to order with the Executive the constitutional guarantees to be suspended and to decide on any demand for renewal of this measure;
… (Art. 98-3) - FrenchLes attributions de l'Assemblée Nationale sont:
…
6. de statuer sur l'opportunité de l'Etat d'urgence et l'Etat de siège, d'arrêter avec l'Exécutif les garanties constitutionnelles à suspendre et de se prononcer sur toute demande de renouvellement de cette mesure;
… (Art. 98.3)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Human dignity shall be protected by the State. Nothing may serve as a basis for its derogation.
… (Art. 21) - Russian1. Достоинство личности охраняется государством. Ничто не может быть основанием для его умаления.
… (Статья 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
…
2. When martial law is declared, the King may by a Royal Decree issue any instructions as may be necessary for the purposes of the defence of the Kingdom, notwithstanding the provisions of any law in force. All persons charged with the implementation of such instructions shall remain to be subject to the legal liability resultant from their acts under the provisions of the laws until they are relieved of such liability by a special law to be enacted for this purpose. (Art. 125)
- Arabic
2 .عند اعلان الاحكام العرفية للملك ان يصدر بمقتضى ارادة ملكية اية تعليمات قد تقضى الضرورة بهالاغراض الدفاع عن المملكة بقطع النظر عن احكام اي قانون معمول به ويظل جميع الاشخاص القائمينبتنفيذ تلك التعليمات عرضه للمسؤولية القانونية التي تترتب على اعمالهم ازاء احكام القوانين الى انيعفوا من تلك المسؤولية بقانون خاص يوضع لهذه الغاية. … (المادة 125)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The President of the Republic, with the agreement of the Council of Ministers, may decree, for a determined time period, in all of the national territory or in part of it, and giving account to the Congress or to the Permanent Commission, the states of exception that are contemplated in this Article:
1. [The] state of emergency, in case of disturbance of the peace or of the internal order, of catastrophe or of grave circumstances that affect the life of the Nation. In this eventuality, the exercise of the constitutional rights relative to the freedom and security of persons, the inviolability of the domicile, and the freedom of assembly and of movement in the territory comprehended in paragraphs 9, 11 and 12 of Article 2 and in paragraphs 24, part f in the same Article, may be restricted or suspended. In no circumstances may anyone be banished.
The time period of the state of emergency may not exceed sixty days. Its extension requires [a] new decree. In [a] state of emergency, the Armed Forces assume the control of the domestic order if the President of the Republic so disposes.
2. [The] state of siege, in case of invasion, foreign war or civil war, or imminent danger that such is produced, with mention of those fundamental rights of which the exercise is not restricted or suspended. The corresponding time period may not exceed forty-five days. The state of siege declared, the Congress meets of full right. The extension requires the approval of the Congress. (Art. 137) - Spanish
El Presidente de la República, con acuerdo del Consejo de Ministros, puede decretar, por plazo determinado, en todo el territorio nacional, o en parte de él, y dando cuenta al Congreso o a la Comisión Permanente, los estados de excepción que en este artículo se contemplan:
1. Estado de emergencia, en caso de perturbación de la paz o del orden interno, de catástrofe o de graves circunstancias que afecten la vida de la Nación. En esta eventualidad, puede restringirse o suspenderse el ejercicio de los derechos constitucionales relativos a la libertad y la seguridad personales, la inviolabilidad del domicilio, y la libertad de reunión y de tránsito en el territorio comprendidos en los incisos 9, 11 y 12 del artículo 2° y en el inciso 24, apartado f del mismo artículo. En ninguna circunstancia se puede desterrar a nadie.
El plazo del estado de emergencia no excede de sesenta días. Su prórroga requiere nuevo decreto. En estado de emergencia las Fuerzas Armadas asumen el control del orden interno si así lo dispone el Presidente de la República.
2. Estado de sitio, en caso de invasión, guerra exterior, guerra civil, o peligro inminente de que se produzcan, con mención de los derechos fundamentales cuyo ejercicio no se restringe o suspende. El plazo correspondiente no excede de cuarenta y cinco días. Al decretarse el estado de sitio, el Congreso se reúne de pleno derecho. La prórroga requiere aprobación del Congreso. (Art. 137)