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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. In case of war or other public danger threatening the life of the Republic or any part thereof, the Council of Ministers shall have power, by a decision taken in this respect, to issue a Proclamation of Emergency:
Provided that the President and the Vice-President of the Republic shall separately or conjointly, have a right of veto against any such decision which they shall exercise within forty-eight hours of the date when the decision has been transmitted to their respective offices.
2. Any such Proclamation shall specify the Articles of the Constitution which shall be suspended for the duration of such Emergency:
Provided that only the following Articles of the Constitution may be suspended by any such Proclamation that is to say: Article 7, only in so far as it relates to death inflicted by a permissible act of war; Article 10, paragraphs 2 and 3; Article 11; Article 13; Article 16; Article 17; Article 19; Article 21; Article 23, paragraph 8, sub-paragraph (d); Article 25 and Article 27. … (Art. 183) - Greek1. Εν περιπτώσει πολέμου ή ετέρου δημοσίου κινδύνου απειλούντος την ύπαρξιν της Δημοκρατίας ή οιονδήποτε τμήμα αυτής το Υπουργικόν Συμβούλιον κέκτηται την εξουσίαν να προκηρύσση δι’ αποφάσεως αυτού την κήρυξιν καταστάσεως εκτάκτου ανάγκης’ ο Πρόεδρος και ο Αντιπρόεδρος της Δημοκρατίας, όμως, ιδία εκάτερος ή από κοινού έχουσι δικαίωμα αρνησικυρίας οιασδήποτε τοιαύτης αποφάσεως ασκούμενον εντός τεσσαράκοντα οκτώ ωρών από της ημέρας, καθ’ ην η απόφασις εκοινοποιήθη εις το γραφείον εκατέρου.
2. Πάσα τοιαύτη προκήρυξις καθορίζει τα άρθρα του Συντάγματος, άτινα αναστέλλονται, καθ’ όλην την διάρκειαν της καταστάσεως εκτάκτου ανάγκης’ μόνον όμως τα κάτωθι αναφερόμενα άρθρα του Συντάγματος δύνανται να ανασταλώσι δια της προκηρύξεως: το άρθρον 7, μόνον καθ’ όσον αφορά εις θάνατον προκληθέντα εκ θεμιτής πολεμικής ενεργείας, η δευτέρα και τρίτη παράγραφος του άρθρου 10, τα άρθρα 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, το εδάφιον (δ) της ογδόης παραγράφου του άρθρου 23 και τα άρθρα 25 και 27.
… (Αρθρον 183) - Turkish1. Cumhuriyetin veya herhangi bir kısmının hayatını tehdit eden savaş veya diğer kamusal bir tehlike hâlinde Bakanlar Kurulu, bu hususta alacağı bir kararla Olağanüstü Hâl İlanına yetkilidir:
Ancak Cumhurbaşkanı ve Cumhurbaşkanı Yardımcısı, böyle bir karara karşı, bu kararın dairelerine ulaştırıldığı tarihten itibaren kırk sekiz saat içinde, ayrı ayrı veya birlikte, veto hakkına sahiptir.
2. Bu gibi her İlanda, söz konusu Olağanüstü Hâlin devamı süresince yürürlüğü durdurulan Anayasa maddeleri açıkça gösterilir:
Ancak, bu gibi herhangi bir İlan ile Anayasanın yalnız aşağıdaki maddelerinin yürürlüğü durdurulabilir:-Yalnız müsaade edilmiş bir savaş fiili ile sebebiyet verilen ölüm bakımından 7. Madde; 10. Maddenin 2. ve 3. fıkraları; 11. Madde; 13. Madde; 16. Madde; 17. Madde; 19. Madde; 21. Madde; 23. Maddenin 8. fıkrasının (d) bendi; 25. Madde ve 27. Madde.... (Madde 183)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe Republic proclaims respect [for] and the intangible guarantee of the development of the personality.
Each has the right to the free development of their personality if they neither violate the rights of others, nor infringe the constitutional order. (Art. 2) - FrenchLa République proclame le respect et la garantie intangible au développement de la personnalité.
Chacun a droit au libre épanouissement de sa personnalité pourvu qu’il ne viole le droit d’autrui, ni n’enfreigne l’ordre constitutionnel. (Art. 2)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) The fundamental rights and freedoms set out in this Chapter must be exercised reasonably and with due regard for the rights and freedoms of other persons.
(2) The fundamental rights and freedoms set out in this Chapter may be limited only in terms of a law of general application and to the extent that the limitation is fair, reasonable, necessary and justifiable in a democratic society based on openness, justice, human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors, including—
(a) the nature of the right or freedom concerned;
(b) the purpose of the limitation, in particular whether it is necessary in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, regional or town planning or the general public interest;
(c) the nature and extent of the limitation;
(d) the need to ensure that the enjoyment of rights and freedoms by any person does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others;
(e) the relationship between the limitation and its purpose, in particular whether it imposes greater restrictions on the right or freedom concerned than are necessary to achieve its purpose; and
(f) whether there are any less restrictive means of achieving the purpose of the limitation.
(3) No law may limit the following rights enshrined in this Chapter, and no person may violate them—
(a) the right to life, except to the extent specified in section 48;
(b) the right to human dignity;
(c) the right not to be tortured or subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
(d) the right not to be placed in slavery or servitude;
(e) the right to a fair trial;
(f) the right to obtain an order of habeas corpus as provided in section 50(7)(a). (Sec. 86)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe Constitution cannot be wholly or partially suspended. (Art. 187)
- DutchDe Grondwet kan noch geheel, noch ten dele worden geschorst. (Art. 187)
- FrenchLa Constitution ne peut être suspendue en tout ni en partie. (Art. 187)
- GermanDie Verfassung darf weder ganz noch teilweise ausgesetzt werden. (Art. 187)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. The National Assembly or any subordinate legislative authority shall not make any law, and the Executive and the agencies of government shall not take any action that abolishes or abridges the fundamental rights and freedoms conferred by this Constitution, unless so authorised by this Constitution. Any law or action in violation thereof shall be null and void.
… (Art. 28)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIn the case of danger to the security of the State, external threat, internal disturbance or national disaster, the President of the State shall have the power to declare a state of emergency, wherever necessary in all or part of the territory. The declaration of the state of emergency shall not, in any case, suspend the guarantees of rights, nor the fundamental rights, the right of due process, the right to information and the rights of persons deprived of liberty. (Art. 137)
- SpanishEn caso de peligro para la seguridad del Estado, amenaza externa, conmoción interna o desastre natural, la Presidenta o el Presidente del Estado tendrá la potestad de declarar el estado de excepción, en todo o en la parte del territorio donde fuera necesario. La declaración del estado de excepción no podrá en ningún caso suspender las garantías de los derechos, ni los derechos fundamentales, el derecho al debido proceso, el derecho a la información y los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad. (Art. 137)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishLiberty consists in being able to do anything that does not harm others: thus, the exercise of the natural rights of every man has no bounds other than those that ensure to the other members of society the enjoyment of these same rights. These bounds may be determined only by Law. (1789 Declaration, Art. 4)
- FrenchLa liberté consiste à pouvoir faire tout ce qui ne nuit pas à autrui: ainsi, l'exercice des droits naturels de chaque homme n'a de bornes que celles qui assurent aux autres Membres de la Société la jouissance de ces mêmes droits. Ces bornes ne peuvent être déterminées que par la Loi. (Déclaration 1789, Art. 4)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe exercise and enjoyment of rights and freedoms is inseparable from the performance of duties and obligations, and accordingly, it shall be the duty of every citizen—
…
(d) to respect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of others, and generally to refrain from doing acts detrimental to the welfare of other persons;
… (Art. 41)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English[The following] are duties and attributions that correspond jointly to the President and to the respective Minister of Government:
…
4. In the recesses of the Legislative Assembly, to decree the suspension of [the] rights and guarantees that paragraph 7) of Article 121 refers to[,] in the same cases and with the same limitations established there[,] and immediately give account to the Assembly. The decree of suspension of guarantees is equivalent, ipso facto, to the convocation of the Assembly to sessions, which must meet within the following forty-eight hours. If the Assembly does not confirm the measure by two-thirds of the votes of the totality of its members, the guarantees will be considered restored.
… (Art. 140) - SpanishSon deberes y atribuciones que corresponden conjuntamente al Presidente y al respectivo Ministro de Gobierno:
…
4) En los recesos de la Asamblea Legislativa, decretar la suspensión de derechos y garantías a que se refiere el inciso 7) del artículo 121 en los mismos casos y con las mismas limitaciones que allí se establecen y dar cuenta inmediatamente a la Asamblea. El decreto de suspensión de garantías equivale, ipso facto, a la convocatoria de la Asamblea a sesiones, la cual deberá reunirse dentro de las cuarenta y ocho horas siguientes. Si la Asamblea no confirmare la medida por dos tercios de votos de la totalidad de sus miembros, se tendrán por restablecidas las garantías.
… (Art. 140)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
(1) In the Republic of Moldova no law may be adopted which might curtail or restrict the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual and citizen.
(2) The exercise of the rights and freedoms may not be subdued to other restrictions unless for those provided by the law, which are in compliance with the unanimously recognised norms of the international law and are requested in such cases as: the defence of national security, territorial integrity, economic welfare of the country, public order aiming at preventing mass riots and crimes, protection of the rights, freedoms and dignity of other persons, prevention of disclosing confidential information or the guarantee of the power and impartiality of justice.
(3) The provisions under para. (2) does not allow the restrictions of the rights laid down in Articles 20-24.
(4) The restriction has to be proportionate to the situation that caused it and shall not affect the existence of the right or freedom. (Art. 54) - Moldovian
(1) În Republica Moldova nu pot fi adoptate legi care ar suprima sau ar diminua drepturile şi libertăţile fundamentale ale omului şi cetăţeanului.
(2) Exerciţiul drepturilor şi libertăţilor nu poate fi supus altor restrîngeri decît celor prevăzute de lege, care corespund normelor unanim recunoscute ale dreptului internaţional şi sînt necesare în interesele securităţii naţionale, integrităţii teritoriale, bunăstării economice a ţării, ordinii publice, în scopul prevenirii tulburărilor în masă şi infracţiunilor, protejării drepturilor, libertăţilor şi demnităţii altor persoane, împiedicării divulgării informaţiilor confidenţiale sau garantării autorităţii şi imparţialităţii justiţiei.
(3) Prevederile alineatului (2) nu admit restrîngerea drepturilor proclamate în articolele 20-24.
(4) Restrîngerea trebuie să fie proporţională cu situaţia care a determinat-o şi nu poate atinge existenţa dreptului sau a libertăţii. (Art. 54)