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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines and whenever it becomes necessary, he may call out such armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. In case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it, he may, for a period not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law. Within forty-eight hours from the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, the President shall submit a report in person or in writing to the Congress. The Congress, voting jointly, by a vote of at least a majority of all its Members in regular or special session, may revoke such proclamation or suspension, which revocation shall not be set aside by the President. Upon the initiative of the President, the Congress may, in the same manner, extend such proclamation or suspension for a period to be determined by the Congress, if the invasion or rebellion shall persist and public safety requires it.
The Congress, if not in session, shall, within twenty-four hours following such proclamation or suspension, convene in accordance with its rules without any need of a call.
The Supreme Court may review, in an appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen, the sufficiency of the factual basis of the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ or the extension thereof, and must promulgate its decision thereon within thirty days from its filing.
A state of martial law does not suspend the operation of the Constitution, nor supplant the functioning of the civil courts or legislative assemblies, nor authorize the conferment of jurisdiction on military courts and agencies over civilians where civil courts are able to function, nor automatically suspend the privilege of the writ.
The suspension of the privilege of the writ shall apply only to persons judicially charged for rebellion or offenses inherent in or directly connected with the invasion.
During the suspension of the privilege of the writ, any person thus arrested or detained shall be judicially charged within three days, otherwise he shall be released. (Art. VII, Sec. 18) - Filipino
Dapat maging Commander-in-Chief ng lahat ng mga sandatahang lakas ng Pilipinas ang Pangulo at, kailanma't kakailanganin, maaari niyang atasan ang nasabing mga sandatahang lakas na pigilin o sugpuin ang labag sa batas na karahasan, pananalakay, o paghihimagsik. Kung sakaling may pananalakay o paghihimagsik, kapag kakailanganin ng kaligtasang pambayan, maaaring suspindihin niya, nang hindi hihigit sa animnapung araw, ang pribilehiyo ng writ of habeas corpus o ipailalim sa batas militar ang Pilipinas o ang alin mang bahagi nito. Sa loob ng apatnapu't walong oras ng pagkapahayag ng batas militar o pagkakasuspindi ng pribilehiyo ng writ of habeas corpus, ang Pangulo ay dapat magharap ng personal o nakasulat na ulat sa Kongreso. Maaring pawalang-saysay ng Kongreso, sa magkasamang pagboto, sa pamamagitan ng boto ng mayorya man lamang ng lahat ng mga Kagawad nito sa regular o tanging sesyon o tanging sesyon, ang nasabing pagkapahayag o pakasuspindi, na hindi dapat isaisantabi ng Pangulo ang pagpapawalang-saysay na iyon. Sa pagkukusa ng Pangulo, maaaring palawigin ng Kongreso sa katulad na paraan ang nasabing pagkapahayag o pagkasuspindi sa loob ng panahong itatakda ng Kongreso kung magpapatuloy ang pananalakay o paghihimagsik at kakailanganin ng kaligtasang pambayan.
Ang Kongreso, kung walang sesyon, ay dapat magsimula ng pagpupulong sa loob ng dalawampu't apat na oras kasunod ng nasabing pagpapahayag o pagsuspindi, alinsunod sa mga alituntunin nito na hindi na nangangailangang itawag.
Maaaring ribyuhin ng Kataastaasang Hukuman, sa isang nararapat na prosiding na iniharap ng sino mang mamamayan, ang kasapatan ng pinagbatayang pangyayari sa pagpapahayag ng batas militar o pagsususpindi ng pribilehiyo ng writ o pagpapalawig niyon at kinakailangang maglagda ng pasya nito tungkol doon sa loob ng tatlumpung araw mula sa pagkaharap nito.
Ang kalagayang batas militar ay hindi sumususpindi sa pag-iral ng Konstitusyon, ni hindi pumapalit sa panunungkulan ng mga hukumang sibil o mga kapulungang tagapagbatas, ni hindi nagpapahintulot sa pagbibigay sa mga sangay at hukumang militar ng hurisdiksyon sa mga sibilyan kung ang mga hukumang sibil ay nakapanunungkulan, ni hindi kusang nagsususpindi sa pribilehiyo ng writ.
Ang pagsupindi sa pribilehiyo ng writ ay dapat sumaklaw lamang sa mga taong isinakdal sa hukuman ng paghihimagsik o ng mga pagkakasalang likas o tuwirang kaugnay sa pananalakay. Sa panahong suspindido ang pribilehiyo ng writ, ang sino mang tao na dinakip o ipiniit sa gayon ay dapat ipagsakdal sa hukuman sa loob ng tatlong araw, kung hindi, dapat siyang palayain. (Art. VII, Seksyon 18)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
Nothing in or done under a law shall be considered to be inconsistent with —
(a) section 16 (life); or
(b) section 17 (personal liberty); or
(c) section 21 (privacy of home and property); or
(d) section 23 (freedom of belief); or
(e) section 24 (freedom of expression); or
(f) section 25 (freedom of assembly and association); or
(g) section 26 (freedom of movement); or
(h) section 27 (freedom from discrimination),
to the extent that the law —
(i) makes any provision, in relation to a period of public emergency; or
(j) authorizes the doing, during any such period, of anything that is reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with any situation that arises or exists during that period. (Sec. 36)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishDuring a state of emergency, the President may, by law or orders, take any measures that shall not derogate from the provisions of this Constitution except as provided herein:
a. to suspend part of the Bill of Rights. However, there shall be no infringement on the right to life, prohibition against slavery, prohibition against torture, the right of non-discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religious creed, the right to litigation or the right to fair trial;
b. to dissolve or suspend any institution of the National Executive;
c. to dissolve or suspend any of the state organs or suspend such powers conferred upon the states under this Constitution; and
d. to take any such measures as deemed necessary to the state of emergency, which shall have the force of law. (Art. 190)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
2. It is exclusively incumbent upon the National Parliament to make laws on:
…
n) The suspension of constitutional guarantees and the declaration of the state of siege and the state of emergency;
… (Sec. 95) - Tetum…
2. Parlamentu Nasionál de’it mak halo lejizlasaun kona-ba:
…
n) Suspensaun garantia konstitusionál nian no mós deklarasaun estadu serku ho tan estadu emerjénsia nian;
… (Art. 95) - Portuguese…
2. Compete exclusivamente ao Parlamento Nacional legislar sobre:
…
n) A suspensão das garantias constitucionais e a declaração do estado de sítio e do estado de emergência;
… (Art. 95)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishWhereas every person in Botswana is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his or her race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest to each and all of the following, ...
the provisions of this Chapter shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to those rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any individual does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest. (Sec. 3)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) In addition to the limitations permitted by section 86, the fundamental rights and freedoms set out in this Chapter may be further limited by a written law providing for measures to deal with situations arising during a period of public emergency, but only to the extent permitted by this section and the Second Schedule.10
(2) A written law referred to in subsection (1) and any legislative measures taken under that law, must be published in the Gazette.
(3) Any limitation which a written law referred to in subsection (1) imposes on a fundamental right or freedom set out in this Chapter must not be greater than is strictly required by the emergency.
(4) No law that provides for a declaration of a state of emergency, and no legislative or other measure taken in consequence of such a declaration, may—
(a) indemnify, or permit or authorise an indemnity for, the State or any institution or agency of the government at any level, or any other person, in respect of any unlawful act; or
(b) limit any of the rights referred to in section 86(3), or authorise or permit any of those rights to be violated. (Sec. 87)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
...
2. Issues related to the territorial integrity of the Republic of Albania, limitations of fundamental human rights and freedoms, budget, taxes, financial obligations of the state, declaration and abrogation of the state of emergency, declaration of war and peace, as well as amnesty, may not be voted upon in a referendum.
... (Art. 151) - Albanian
…
2. Çështjet që lidhen me tërësinë territoriale të Republikës së Shqipërisë, me kufizimin e lirive dhe të drejtave themelore të njeriut, me buxhetin, taksat e detyrimet financiare të shtetit, me vendosjen dhe heqjen e gjendjes së jashtëzakonshme, me deklarimin e luftës dhe të paqes dhe me amnistinë nuk mund të shtrohen në asnjë referendum.
… (Neni 151)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
Any constitutional revision having for its object or for [its] effect the reduction of the rights and freedoms of the person or the reduction [of] the prerogatives of the Provinces and the decentralized territorial entities is formally prohibited. (Art. 220) - French…
Est formellement interdite toute révision constitutionnelle ayant pour objet ou pour effet de réduire les droits et libertés de la personne, ou de réduire les prérogatives des provinces et des entités territoriales décentralisées. (Art. 220)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishI. The validity of the declaration of the state of emergency shall depend on the subsequent approval of the Pluri-National Legislative Assembly, which shall take place as soon as circumstances permit, and in all cases, within seventy two hours following the declaration of the state of emergency. The approval of the declaration shall indicate the powers conferred, and it shall maintain strict relation and proportion to the case of necessity addressed by the state of emergency. In general, the rights consecrated in the Constitution shall not be suspended by the declaration of the state of emergency.
… (Art. 138) - SpanishI. La vigencia de la declaración del estado de excepción dependerá de la aprobación posterior de la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional, que tendrá lugar apenas las circunstancias lo permitan y, en todo caso, dentro de las siguientes setenta y dos horas a la declaración del estado de excepción. La aprobación de la declaración indicará las facultades conferidas y guardará estricta relación y proporción con el caso de necesidad atendida por el estado de excepción. Los derechos consagrados en la Constitución no quedarán en general suspendidos por la declaración del estado de excepción.
... (Art. 138)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) A state of emergency may be declared only for the stated reasons, for a fixed period, and in relation to a designated territorial area. Concurrently with its declaration of the state of emergency, the government must specify which rights prescribed in individual statutes shall, in conformity with the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms, be restricted, and to what extent, and which duties shall be imposed, and to what extent. Detailed provisions shall be laid down by statute.
… (Constitutional Act on the Security of the Czech Republic 1998, Art. 6) - Czech(1) Nouzový stav se může vyhlásit jen s uvedením důvodů na určitou dobu a pro určité území. Současně s vyhlášením nouzového stavu musí vláda vymezit, která práva stanovená ve zvláštním zákoně a v jakém rozsahu se v souladu s Listinou základních práv a svobod omezují a které povinnosti a v jakém rozsahu se ukládají. Podrobnosti stanoví zákon.
… (Ústavní zákon o bezpečnosti České republiky, Čl. 6)