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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
When exercising his or her rights and freedoms and fulfilling his or her duties, everyone must respect and observe the rights and freedoms of others, and obey the law. (Sec. 19) - Estonian…
Igaüks peab oma õiguste ja vabaduste kasutamisel ning kohustuste täitmisel austama ja arvestama teiste inimeste õigusi ja vabadusi ning järgima seadust. (§ 19)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
(5) The rights, duties, declarations and guarantees relating to the fundamental human rights and freedoms specifically mentioned in this Chapter shall not be regarded as excluding others not specifically mentioned which are considered to be inherent in a democracy and intended to secure the freedom and dignity of man. (Art. 33)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishNo repeal or amendment of any of the provisions of Chapter 38 hereof, in so far as such repeal or amendment diminishes or detracts from the fundamental rights and freedoms contained and defined in that Chapter, shall be permissible under this Constitution, and no such purported repeal or amendment shall be valid or have any force or effect. (Art. 131)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe President of the Republic, at a meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers, shall have the power to decree states of exception. Expressly defined as such are circumstances of a social, economic, political, natural or ecological nature which seriously affect the security of the Nation, institutions and citizens, in the face of which the powers available to cope with such events are insufficient. In such case, the guarantees contained in this Constitution may be temporarily restricted, with the exception of those relating to the right to life, prohibition of incommunicative detention or torture, the right to due process, the right to information and other intangible human rights. (Art. 337)
- SpanishEl Presidente o Presidenta de la República, en Consejo de Ministros, podrá decretar los estados de excepción. Se califican expresamente como tales las circunstancias de orden social, económico, político, natural o ecológico, que afecten gravemente la seguridad de la Nación, de las instituciones y de los ciudadanos y ciudadanas, a cuyo respecto resultan insuficientes las facultades de las cuales se disponen para hacer frente a tales hechos. En tal caso, podrán ser restringidas temporalmente las garantías consagradas en esta Constitución, salvo las referidas a los derechos a la vida, prohibición de incomunicación o tortura, el derecho al debido proceso, el derecho a la información y los demás derechos humanos intangibles (Art. 337)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishA human being shall be free to do all that does not violate the rights of others and does not contradict the Constitution and laws. No one may bear obligations that are not stipulated by law. (Art. 39)
- ArmenianՄարդն ազատ է անելու այն ամենը, ինչը չի խախտում այլոց իրավունքները և չի հակասում Սահմանադրությանը և օրենքներին: Ոչ ոք չի կարող կրել պարտականություններ, որոնք սահմանված չեն օրենքով: (Հոդված 39)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
In case of international crisis, or of real threats to the vital interests of all or part of the population or of imminent danger resulting from grave infringement of public security, the Grand Duke, after having declared urgency resulting from the impossibility of the chamber of deputies to legislate in the appropriate time periods, may take regulatory measures in all matters.
These measures may derogate from existing laws. They must be necessary, appropriate and proportionate to the goal pursued and be in conformity with the Constitution and with the international treaties.
... (Art. 48)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. No derogation from rights contained in this Chapter8 shall be permissible save to the extent provided for by this section and no such derogation shall be made unless there has been a declaration of a state of emergency within the meaning of this section.
2. There shall be no derogation with regard to—
a. the right to life;
b. the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
c. the prohibition of genocide;
d. the prohibition of slavery, the slave trade and slave-like practices;
e. the prohibition of imprisonment for failure to meet contractual obligations;
f. the prohibition on retrospective criminalization and the retrospective imposition of greater penalties for criminal acts;
g. the right to equality and recognition before the law;
h. the right to freedom of conscience, belief, thought and religion and to academic freedom; or
i. the right to habeas corpus.
…
4. Derogation from the rights contained in this Chapter, other than the rights listed in subsection (2), shall be permissible during a state of emergency within the meaning of this section and to the extent that—
a. such derogation is consistent with the obligations of Malawi under international law; and
b. in the case of—
i. war or threat of war, it is strictly required to prevent the lives of defensive combatants and civilians as well as legitimate military objectives from being placed in direct jeopardy; or
ii. a widespread natural disaster, it is strictly required for the protection and relief of those people and facilities whether in or outside the disaster area.
… (Sec. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English...
(2) A provision of the Bill of Rights binds a natural or a juristic person if, and to the extent that, it is applicable, taking into account the nature of the right and the nature of any duty imposed by the right.
(3) When applying a provision of the Bill of Rights to a natural or juristic person in terms of subsection (2), a court-
(a) in order to give effect to a right in the Bill, must apply, or if necessary develop, the common law to the extent that legislation does not give effect to that right; and
(b) may develop rules of the common law to limit the right, provided that the limitation is in accordance with section 36 (1).
… (Sec. 8)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
The exercise of personal rights and liberties by any individual shall not adversely affect the rights and freedom of others. The exercise of such rights and liberties shall be in accordance with the law. (Art. 31) - Khmer...
ការប្រើសិទ្ធិសេរីភាពផ្ទាល់ខ្លួនរបស់បុគ្គលម្នាក់ៗ មិនត្រូវ ឱ្យប៉ះពាល់ដល់សិទ្ធិ សេរីភាពអ្នកដទៃឡើយ។ ការប្រើសិទ្ធិ សេរីភាពនេះ ត្រូវប្រព្រឹត្តតាមលក្ខខណ្ឌកំណត់ក្នុងច្បាប់។ (មាត្រា ៣១)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Entities that exercise sovereignty may not jointly or separately suspend the exercise of the rights, freedoms and guarantees, save in the case of a state of siege or a state of emergency declared in the form provided for in the Constitution.
…
4. Both the choice between a state of siege and a state of emergency and the declaration and implementation thereof must respect the principle of proportionality and limit themselves, particularly as regards their extent and duration and the means employed, to that which is strictly necessary for the prompt restoration of constitutional normality.
5. Declarations of a state of siege or a state of emergency shall set out adequate grounds therefore and specify the rights, freedoms and guarantees whose exercise is to be suspended. Without prejudice to the possibility of renewals subject to the same limits, neither state may last for more than fifteen days, or, when it results from a declaration of war, for more than the duration laid down by law.
6. In no case may a declaration of a state of siege or a state of emergency affect the rights to life, personal integrity, personal identity, civil capacity and citizenship, the non-retroactivity of the criminal law, accused persons' right to a defence, or the freedom of conscience and religion.
7. Declarations of a state of siege or a state of emergency may only alter constitutional normality in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the law. In particular, they may not affect the application of the constitutional rules concerning the competences and modus operandi of the entities that exercise sovereignty or of the self-government organs of the autonomous regions, or the rights and immunities of the respective officeholders.
... (Art. 19) - Portuguese1. Os órgãos de soberania não podem, conjunta ou separadamente, suspender o exercício dos direitos, liberdades e garantias, salvo em caso de estado de sítio ou de estado de emergência, declarados na forma prevista na Constituição.
...
4. A opção pelo estado de sítio ou pelo estado de emergência, bem como as respectivas declaração e execução, devem respeitar o princípio da proporcionalidade e limitar-se, nomeadamente quanto às suas extensão e duração e aos meios utilizados, ao estritamente necessário ao pronto restabelecimento da normalidade constitucional.
5. A declaração do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência é adequadamente fundamentada e contém a especificação dos direitos, liberdades e garantias cujo exercício fica suspenso, não podendo o estado declarado ter duração superior a quinze dias, ou à duração fixada por lei quando em consequência de declaração de guerra, sem prejuízo de eventuais renovações, com salvaguarda dos mesmos limites.
6. A declaração do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência em nenhum caso pode afectar os direitos à vida, à integridade pessoal, à identidade pessoal, à capacidade civil e à cidadania, a não retroactividade da lei criminal, o direito de defesa dos arguidos e a liberdade de consciência e de religião.
7. A declaração do estado de sítio ou do estado de emergência só pode alterar a normalidade constitucional nos termos previstos na Constituição e na lei, não podendo nomeadamente afectar a aplicação das regras constitucionais relativas à competência e ao funcionamento dos órgãos de soberania e de governo próprio das regiões autónomas ou os direitos e imunidades dos respectivos titulares.
... (Art. 19)