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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Marriage and Family Life
Panama
- EnglishMarriage is the legal basis of the family. It rests on equality of rights of both spouses and may be dissolved in accordance with the provisions of the law. (Art. 57)
- SpanishEl matrimonio es el fundamento legal de la familia, descansa en la igualdad de derechos de los cónyuges y puede ser disuelto de acuerdo con la Ley. (Art. 57)
Marriage and Family Life
Ecuador
- EnglishTo protect the rights of persons who are members of a family:
1. Responsible motherhood and fatherhood shall be fostered; and the mother and father shall be obliged to take care, raise, educate, feed, and provide for the integral development and protection of the rights of their children, especially when they are separated from them for any reason.
2. Unseizable family assets are recognized in terms of amount and on the basis of the conditions and limitations provided for by law. The right to give in legacy and inherit is recognized.
3. The State shall guarantee the equality of rights in decision making for the administration of the marital partnership and the joint ownership of assets.
4. The State shall protect mothers, fathers and those who are the heads of family, in the exercise of their obligations and shall pay special attention to families who have broken up for whatever reason.
5. The State shall promote the joint responsibility of both mother and father and shall monitor fulfillment of the mutual duties and rights between mothers, fathers, and children.
6. Daughters and sons shall have the same rights, without any consideration given to kinship or adoption background.
7. No declaration of the quality of the kinship shall be required at the time of registering the birth and no identity document shall refer to the type of kinship. (Art. 69) - SpanishPara proteger los derechos de las personas integrantes de la familia:
1. Se promoverá la maternidad y paternidad responsables; la madre y el padre estarán obligados al cuidado, crianza, educación, alimentación, desarrollo integral y protección de los derechos de sus hijas e hijos, en particular cuando se encuentren separados de ellos por cualquier motivo.
2. Se reconoce el patrimonio familiar inembargable en la cuantía y con las condiciones y limitaciones que establezca la ley. Se garantizará el derecho de testar y de heredar.
3. El Estado garantizará la igualdad de derechos en la toma de decisiones para la administración de la sociedad conyugal y de la sociedad de bienes.
4. El Estado protegerá a las madres, a los padres y a quienes sean jefas y jefes de familia, en el ejercicio de sus obligaciones, y prestará especial atención a las familias disgregadas por cualquier causa.
5. El Estado promoverá la corresponsabilidad materna y paterna y vigilará el cumplimiento de los deberes y derechos recíprocos entre madres, padres, hijas e hijos.
6. Las hijas e hijos tendrán los mismos derechos sin considerar antecedentes de filiación o adopción.
7. No se exigirá declaración sobre la calidad de la filiación en el momento de la inscripción del nacimiento, y ningún documento de identidad hará referencia a ella. (Art. 69)
Marriage and Family Life
Hungary
- English…
(2) Parents shall have the right to choose the upbringing to be given to their children.
(3) Parents shall be obliged to take care of their minor children. This obligation shall include the provision of schooling for their children.
(4) Adult children shall be obliged to take care of their parents if they are in need. (Freedom and Responsibility, Art. XVI) - Hungarian...
(2) A szülõknekjoguk van megválasztani a gyermeküknek adandó nevelést.
(3) A szülõk kötelesek kiskorú gyermekükrõl gondoskodni. E kötelezettség magában foglalja gyermekük taníttatását.
(4) A nagykorú gyermekek kötelesek rászoruló szüleikrõl gondoskodni. (Szabadság és Felelősség, XVI. cikk)
Marriage and Family Life
Nigeria
- English(1) The Sharia Court of Appeal of a State shall, in addition to such other jurisdiction as may be conferred upon it by the law of the State, exercise such appellate and supervisory jurisdiction in civil proceedings involving questions of Islamic personal Law which the court is competent to decide in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) of this section.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) of this section, the sharia Court of Appeal shall be competent to decide –
(a) any question of Islamic personal Law regarding a marriage concluded in accordance with that Law, including a question relating to the validity or dissolution of such a marriage or a question that depends on such a marriage and relating to family relationship or the guardianship of an infant;
(b) where all the parties to the proceedings are muslims, any question of Islamic personal Law regarding a marriage, including the validity or dissolution of that marriage, or regarding family relationship, a founding or the guarding of an infant;
(c) any question of Islamic personal Law regarding a wakf, gift, will or succession where the endower, donor, testator or deceased person is a muslim;
(d) any question of Islamic personal Law regarding an infant, prodigal or person of unsound mind who is a muslim or the maintenance or the guardianship of a muslim who is physically or mentally infirm; or
(e) where all the parties to the proceedings, being muslims, have requested the court that hears the case in the first instance to determine that case in accordance with Islamic personal law, any other question. (Sec. 277)
Marriage and Family Life
Paraguay
- EnglishThe parents have the right and the obligation to assist, to feed, to educate, and to shelter [amparar] their minor children.
The law will punish them in the case of non-fulfillment of their duties of providing food [asistencia alimentaria].
Adult [mayores de edad] children are obligated to give assistance to their parents in the case of necessity.
The laws will regulate the assistance that should be given to the large family [familia de prole numerosa] and to women who head families.
All children are equal before the law. It will make possible the investigation of paternity. Any qualification concerning the filial relationship in the personal documents is prohibited. (Art. 53) - SpanishLos padres tienen el derecho y la obligación de asistir, de alimentar, de educar y de amparar a sus hijos menores de edad.
Serán penados por la ley en caso de incumplimiento de sus deberes de asistencia alimentaria.
Los hijos mayores de edad están obligados a prestar asistencia a sus padres en caso de necesidad.
La ley reglamentará la ayuda que se debe prestar a la familia de prole numerosa y a las mujeres cabeza de familia.
Todos los hijos son iguales ante la ley. Esta posibilitará la investigación de la paternidad. Se prohibe cualquier calificación sobre la filiación en los documentos personales. (Art. 53)
Marriage and Family Life
El Salvador
- English…
The parents will have the preferential right to choose the education of their children. (Art. 55) - Spanish…
Los padres tendrán derecho preferente a escoger la educación de sus hijos. (Art. 55)
Marriage and Family Life
Indonesia
- English(1) Every person shall have the right to protection of his/herself, family, honour, dignity, and property, and shall have the right to feel secure against and receive protection from the threat of fear to do or not do something that is a human right.
… (Art. 28G) - Indonesian(1) Setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang di bawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi.
… (Pasal 28G)
Marriage and Family Life
Luxembourg
- EnglishCivil marriage must always precede the nuptial benediction. (Art. 21)
- FrenchLe mariage civil devra toujours précéder la bénédiction nuptiale. (Art. 21)
Marriage and Family Life
Seychelles
- EnglishThe State recognises the unique status and natural maternal functions of women in society and undertakes as a result to take appropriate measures to ensure that a working mother is afforded special protection with regard to paid leave and her conditions at work during such reasonable period as provided by law before and after childbirth. (Art. 30)
Marriage and Family Life
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- English(1) An appeal shall lie from decisions of the Court of Appeal to Her Majesty in Council as of right in the following cases:
…
(b) final decisions in proceedings for dissolution or nullity of marriage;
… (Sec. 99)