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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this section the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, birth out of wedlock, political opinions or affiliations, colour, sex or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages that are not accorded to persons of another such description.
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(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision
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(c) for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) (or of persons connected with such persons) of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law of persons of that description;
… (Sec. 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
1. The Republic of Kazakhstan shall recognize and protect state and private property equally.
2. Property shall impose obligations, and its use must simultaneously benefit the society. Subjects and objects of ownership, the scope, and limits of the rights of proprietors, and guarantees of their protection shall be determined by law.
3. The land and its subsoil, water, flora and fauna, and other natural resources belong to the people. On behalf of the people, the right to property is exercised by the state. Land may also be in private ownership on the grounds, conditions and within the limits established by law. (Art. 6) - Kazak
1. Қазақстан Республикасында мемлекеттiк меншiк пен жеке меншiк танылады және бiрдей қорғалады.
2. Меншiк мiндет жүктейдi, оны пайдалану сонымен қатар қоғам игiлiгіне де қызмет етуге тиiс. Меншiк субъектiлерi мен объектiлерi, меншiк иелерiнiң өз құқықтарын жүзеге асыру көлемi мен шектерi, оларды қорғау кепiлдiктерi заңмен белгiленедi.
3. Жер жəне оның қойнауы, су көздері, өсімдіктер мен жануарлар дүниесі, басқа да табиғи ресурстар халыққа тиесілі. Халық атынан меншік құқығын мемлекет жүзеге асырады. Жер, сондай-ақ заңда белгіленген негіздерде, шарттар мен шектерде жеке меншікте де болуы мүмкін. (6-бап)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishPeaceful tenure of a person's own property and other property rights acquired by the law shall be guaranteed.
... (Art. 58) - Serbian CyrillicЈемчи се мирно уживање својине и других имовинских права стечених на основу закона.
… (Члан 58)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
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The texts concerning the following matters are taken in the form of ordinary law:
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- the fundamental principles of the regime of property and of real rights,
… (Art. 75) - Arabic
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وتتّخذ شكل قوانين عاديّة النّصوص المتعلّقة بالمسائل التّالية:
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- المبادئ الأساسيّة لنظام الملكيّة والحقوق العينيّة و
... (الفصل 75) - French
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Sont pris sous forme de loi ordinaire, les textes relatifs aux matières suivantes :
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- les principes fondamentaux du régime de la propriété et des droits réels,
... (Art. 75)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right of property is guaranteed. Every person has the right to the use, enjoyment, usufruct and disposal of his or her goods. … (Art. 115)
- SpanishSe garantiza el derecho de propiedad. Toda persona tiene derecho al uso, goce, disfrute y disposición de sus bienes. … (Art. 115)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Any land in a State which immediately before Merdeka Day was a Malay reservation in accordance with the existing law may continue as a Malay reservation in accordance with that law until otherwise provided by an Enactment of the Legislature of that State,
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(2) Any land in a State which is not for the time being a Malay reservation in accordance with the existing law and has not been developed or cultivated may be declared as a Malay reservation in accordance with that law:
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(3) Subject to Clause (4), the Government of any State may, in accordance with the existing law, declare as a Malay reservation—
(a) any land acquired by that Government by agreement for that purpose;
(b) on the application of the proprietor, and with the consent of every person having a right or interest therein, any other land,
and shall, in accordance with the existing law, immediately declare as a Malay reservation, in a case where any land ceases to be a Malay reservation, any other land of a similar character and of an area not exceeding the area of that land.
(4) Nothing in this Article shall authorize the declaration as a Malay reservation of any land which at the time of the declaration is owned or occupied by a person who is not a Malay or in or over which such a person has then any right or interest.
(5) Without prejudice to Clause (3), the Government of any State may, in accordance with law, acquire land for the settlement of Malays or other communities, and establish trusts for that purpose.
(6) In this Article “Malay reservation” means land reserved for alienation to Malays or to natives of the State in which it lies; and “Malay” includes any person who, under the law of the State in which he is resident, is treated as a Malay for the purposes of the reservation of land.
(7) Subject to Article 161A, this Article shall have effect notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution; but (without prejudice to any such other provision) no land shall be retained or declared as a Malay reservation except as provided by this Article and Article 90.
(8) The provisions of this Article shall apply to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya in the like manner that they apply to a State, save that Clause (1) in its application to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Purtrajaya shall be modified to read that any land in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur or the Federal Territory of Putrajaya which immediately before Merdeka Day was a Malay reservation in accordance with the existing law may continue as a Malay reservation in accordance with that law until otherwise provided by an Act of Parliament passed by a majority of the total number of members of each House of Parliament and by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting in each House. (Art. 89) - Malay(1) Mana-mana tanah di sesuatu Negeri yang merupakan tanah simpanan Melayu sebaik sebelum Hari Merdeka mengikut undang-undang yang sedia ada boleh terus menjadi tanah simpanan Melayu mengikut undang-undang itu sehingga diperuntukkan selainnya oleh suatu Enakmen Badan Perundangan Negeri itu,
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(2) Mana-mana tanah di sesuatu Negeri yang pada masa ini bukan tanah simpanan Melayu mengikut undang-undang yang sedia ada dan yang belum dibangunkan atau dicucuk tanam boleh diisytiharkan sebagai tanah simpanan Melayu mengikut undangundang itu:
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(3) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (4), Kerajaan mana-mana Negeri boleh, mengikut undang-undang yang sedia ada, mengisytiharkan sebagai tanah simpanan Melayu—
(a) mana-mana tanah yang diambil oleh Kerajaan itu melalui perjanjian bagi maksud itu;
(b) mana-mana tanah lain, apabila permohonan dibuat oleh tuan punya tanah itu, dan dengan persetujuan tiap-tiap orang yang mempunyai hak atau kepentingan mengenainya,
dan hendaklah, mengikut undang-undang yang sedia ada, dengan serta-merta mengisytiharkan sebagai tanah simpanan Melayu, dalam hal jika mana-mana tanah terhenti menjadi tanah simpanan Melayu, mana-mana tanah lain yang sama jenisnya dengan tanah itu dan yang luasnya tidak melebihi keluasan tanah itu.
(4) Tiada apa-apa jua dalam Perkara ini boleh membenarkan diisytiharkan sebagai tanah simpanan Melayu mana-mana tanah yang pada masa perisytiharan itu dipunyai atau diduduki oleh seseorang yang bukan seorang Melayu atau yang mengenainya atau ke atasnya orang itu ketika itu mempunyai apa-apa hak atau kepentingan.
(5) Tanpa menjejaskan Fasal (3), Kerajaan mana-mana Negeri boleh, mengikut undang-undang, mengambil tanah untuk menempatkan orang Melayu atau kaum lain, dan mewujudkan amanah bagi maksud itu.
(6) Dalam Perkara ini “tanah simpanan Melayu” ertinya tanah yang disimpan untuk diberi hakmilik kepada orang Melayu atau kepada anak negeri bagi Negeri tempat terletaknya tanah itu; dan “orang Melayu” termasuklah mana-mana orang yang, di bawah undang-undang Negeri tempat dia bermastautin, dikira sebagai orang Melayu bagi maksud perizaban tanah.
(7) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 161A, Perkara ini hendaklah berkuat kuasa walau apa pun apa-apa peruntukan lain dalam perlembagaan ini; tetapi (tanpa menjejaskan mana-mana peruntukan lain yang sedemikian) tiada tanah boleh dikekalkan atau diisytiharkan sebagai tanah simpanan Melayu kecuali sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan oleh Perkara ini dan Perkara 90.
(8) Peruntukan Perkara ini hendaklah terpakai bagi Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya mengikut cara yang sama sebagaimana peruntukan Perkara ini terpakai bagi sesuatu Negeri, kecuali bahawa Fasal (1) dalam pemakaiannya bagi Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya hendaklah diubahsuaikan supaya dibaca bahawa mana-mana tanah di dalam Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur dan Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya yang sebaik sebelum Hari Merdeka ialah tanah simpanan Melayu mengikut undang-undang yang sedia ada boleh terus menjadi tanah simpanan Melayu mengikut undang-undang itu sehingga diperuntukkan selainnya oleh Akta Parlimen yang diluluskan oleh majoriti jumlah bilangan ahli setiap Majlis Parlimen dan dengan undi tidak kurang daripada dua pertiga daripada ahli-ahli yang hadir dan mengundi di dalam setiap Majlis Parlimen. (Perkara 89)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishWhereas every person in Kiribati is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely-
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c. protection for the privacy of his home and other property and from deprivation of property without compensation,
… (Sec. 3)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State must take appropriate measures, including legislative measures, to give security of tenure to every person lawfully owning or occupying agricultural land. (Sec. 292)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to any restrictions imposed by law, every citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold, transfer or otherwise dispose of property, and no property shall be compulsorily acquired, nationalised or requisitioned save by authority of law.
… (Art. 42) - Bengali(১) আইনের দ্বারা আরোপিত বাধানিষেধ-সাপেক্ষে প্রত্যেক নাগরিকের সম্পত্তি অর্জন, ধারণ, হস্তান্তর বা অন্যভাবে বিলি-ব্যবস্থা করিবার অধিকার থাকিবে এবং আইনের কর্তৃত্ব ব্যতীত কোন সম্পত্তি বাধ্যতামূলকভাবে গ্রহণ, রাষ্ট্রায়ত্ত বা দখল করা যাইবে না।
... (অনুচ্ছেদ ৪২)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Every citizen shall, subject to law, have the right to acquire, own, sell, dispose, acquire business profits from, and otherwise deal with, property.
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Explanation: For the purposes of this Article, "property" means any form of property including movable and immovable property, and includes an intellectual property right.
… (Art. 25) - Nepali(१) प्रत्येक नागरिकलाई कानूनको अधीनमा रही सम्पत्ति आर्जन गर्ने, भोग गर्ने, बेचबिखन गर्ने, व्यावसायिक लाभ प्राप्त गर्ने र सम्पत्तिको अन्य कारोबार गर्ने हक हुनेछ ।
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स्पष्टीकरणः यस धाराको प्रयोजनका लागि “सम्पत्ति” भन्नाले चल अचल लगायत सबै प्रकारको सम्पत्ति सम्झनु पर्छ र सो शब्दले बौद्धिक सम्पत्ति समेतलाई जनाउँछ ।
... (धारा २५)