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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Kenya
- EnglishParliament shall—
(a) revise, consolidate and rationalise existing land laws;
(b) revise sectoral land use laws in accordance with the principles set out in Article 60 (1); and
(c) enact legislation—
(i) to prescribe minimum and maximum land holding acreages in respect of private land;
(ii) to regulate the manner in which any land may be converted from one category to another;
(iii) to regulate the recognition and protection of matrimonial property and in particular the matrimonial home during and on the termination of marriage;
(iv) to protect, conserve and provide access to all public land;
(v) to enable the review of all grants or dispositions of public land to establish their propriety or legality;
(vi) to protect the dependants of deceased persons holding interests in any land, including the interests of spouses in actual occupation of land;
… (Art. 68) - SwahiliBunge-
(a) litapitia, kuunganisha na kurekebisha sheria za ardhi zilizopo;
(b) litapitia sheria za matumizi ya ardhi ya kisekta kwa mujibu wa kanuni zilizowekwa katika Kifungu cha 60 (1); na
(c) litatunga sheria-
(i) ili kuelezea kiwango cha chini na cha juu cha ekari za ardhi zinazoweza kumilikiwa na watu binafsi;
(ii) ili kusimamia namna ambavyo ardhi yoyote inaweza kubadilishwa kutoka kwenye kipengele kimoja kwenda kingine;
(iii) itasimamia utambuzi na ulinzi wa mali ya wanandoa na haswa nyumba ya wanandoa wakati wa ndoa na wakati wa kuvunjika ndoa;
(iv) italinda, kuhifadhi na kutoa idhini ya ufikiaji wa ardhi yote ya umma;
(v) itawezesha uhakiki wa ruzuku zote au matumizi ya ardhi ya umma i li kujua usahihi na uhalali wake;
(vi) itawalinda tegemezi wa marehemu wenye maslahi katika ardhi yoyote, ikiwa ni pamoja na masilahi ya wanandoa katika umiliki halisi wa ardhi;
… (Kifungu cha 68)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
El Salvador
- EnglishThe State shall encourage the development of the small rural property. It will facilitate access for the small producer to technical assistance, credits, and [to the] other means necessary for the acquisition and the better use of his lands. (Art. 116)
- SpanishEl Estado fomentará el desarrollo de la pequeña propiedad rural. Facilitará al pequeño productor asistencia técnica, créditos y otros medios necesarios para la adquisición y el major aprovechamiento de sus tierras. (Art. 116)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Iceland
- EnglishThe right of private ownership shall be inviolate.
… (Art. 72) - IcelandicEignarrétturinn er friðhelgur.
… (72. gr.)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Ethiopia
- English1. Every Ethiopian citizen has the right to the ownership of private property. Unless prescribed otherwise by law on account of public interest, this right shall include the right to acquire, to use and, in a manner compatible with the rights of other citizens, to dispose of such property by sale or bequest or to transfer it otherwise.
2. "Private property", for the purpose of this Article, shall mean any tangible or intangible product which has value and is produced by the labour, creativity, enterprise or capital of an individual citizen, associations which enjoy juridical personality under the law, or in appropriate circumstances, by communities specifically empowered by law to own property in common.
3. The right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all natural resources, is exclusively vested in the State and in the peoples of Ethiopia. Land is a common property of the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange.
4. Ethiopian peasants have right to obtain land without payment and the protection against eviction from their possession. The implementation of this provision shall be specified by law.
5. Ethiopian pastoralists have the right to free land for grazing and cultivation as well as the right not to be displaced from their own lands. The implementation shall be specified by law.
…
7. Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labour or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right of use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation for it. Particulars shall be determined by law.
… (Art. 40) - Amharic1. ማንኛውም የኢትዮጵያ ዜጋ የግል ንብረት ባለቤት መሆኑ/መሆኗ ይከበርለታል/ ይከበርላታል፡፡ ይህ መብት የሕዝብን ጥቅም ለመጠበቅ በሌላ ሁኔታ በሕግ እስካልተወሰነ ድረስ ንብረት የመያዝና በንብረት የመጠቀም ወይም የሌሎችን ዜጐች መብቶች እስካልተቃረነ ድረስ ንብረትን የመሸጥ የማውረስ ወይም በሌላ መንገድ የማስተላለፍ መብቶችን ያካትታል፡፡
2. ለዚህ አንቀጽ ዓላማ «የግል ንብረት» ማለት ማንኛውም ኢትዮጵያዊ ዜጋ ወይም ሕጋዊ ሰውነት በሕግ የተሰጣቸው ኢትዮጵያዊ ማኅበራት ወይም አግባብ በአላቸው ሁኔታዎች በሕግ በተለየ በጋራ የንብረት ባለቤት እንዲሆኑ የተፈቀደላቸው ማኅበረሰቦች በጉልበታቸው፣ በመፍጠር ችሎታቸው ወይም በካፒታላቸው ያፈሩት ተጨባጭ የሆነና የተጨባጭነት ጠባይ ሳይኖረው ዋጋ ያለው ውጤት ነው፡፡
3. የገጠርም ሆነ የከተማ መሬትና የተፈጥሮ ሀብት ባለቤትነት መብት የመንግሥትና የሕዝብ ብቻ ነው፡፡ መሬት የማይሸጥ የማይለወጥ የኢትዮጵያ ብሔሮች፣ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች የጋራ ንብረት ነው፡፡
4. የኢትዮጵያ አርሶ አደሮች መሬት በነጻ የማግኘትና ከመሬታቸው ያለመነቀል መብታቸው የተከበረ ነው፡፡ አፈጻጸሙን በተመለከተ ዝርዝር ሕግ ይወጣል፡፡
5. የኢትዮጵያ ዘላኖች ለግጦሽም ሆነ ለእርሻ የሚጠቀሙበት መሬት በነጻ የማግኘት፣የመጠቀምና ከመሬታቸው ያለመፈናቀል መብት አላቸው፡፡ ዝርዝር አፈጻጸሙ በሕግ ይወሰናል፡፡
…
7. ማንም ኢትዮጵያዊ በጉልበቱ፣ ወይም በገንዘቡ በመሬት ላይ ለሚገነባው ቋሚ ንብረት ወይም ለሚያደርገው ቋሚ መሻሻል ሙሉ መብት አለው፡፡ ይህ መብት የመሸጥ፣ የመለወጥ፣ የማውረስ፣ የመሬት ተጠቃሚነቱ ሲቋረጥ ንብረቱን የማንሳት፣ ባለቤትነቱን የማዛወር ወይም የካሳ ክፍያ የመጠየቅ መብትን ያካትታል፡፡ ዝርዝር አፈጻጸሙ በሕግ ይወሰናል፡፡
… (አንቀጽ 40)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malawi
- English1. All persons who have rights in property at the date of the commencement of this Constitution shall continue to have such rights under this Constitution and any other law.
… (Sec. 209)