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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Lesotho
- English...
2. Nothing contained in any of the provisions of section 7, section 17 or section 18 of this Constitution shall be construed as affecting any law for the time being in force relating to the allocation of land or the grant of any interest or right in or over land or as entitling any person to any greater such interest or right than he would otherwise have.
… (Sec. 24)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Guatemala
- EnglishThe lands of the cooperatives, [the] indigenous communities or any other forms of communal or collective possession of agrarian ownership, as well as the family patrimony and the people's housing, will enjoy special protection of the State, [and] of preferential credit and technical assistance, which may guarantee their possession and development, in order to assure an improved quality of life to all of the inhabitants.
The indigenous communities and others that hold lands that historically belong to them and which they have traditionally administered in special form, will maintain that system. (Art. 67) - SpanishLas tierras de las cooperativas, comunidades indígenas o cualesquiera otras formas de tenencia comunal o colectiva de propiedad agraria, así como el patrimonio familiar y vivienda popular, gozarán de protección especial del Estado, de asistencia crediticia y de técnica preferencial, que garanticen su posesión y desarrollo, a fin de asegurar a todos los habitantes una mejor calidad de vida.
Las comunidades indígenas y otras que tengan tierras que históricamente les pertenecen y que tradicionalmente han administrado en forma especial, mantendrán ese sistema. (Art. 67)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Germany
- English(1) Property and the right of inheritance shall be guaranteed.
… (Art. 14) - German(1) Das Eigentum und das Erbrecht werden gewährleistet.
… (Art. 14)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Eswatini
- English(1) The fundamental human rights and freedoms of the individual enshrined in this Chapter13 are hereby declared and guaranteed, namely –
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(c) protection of the privacy of the home and other property rights of the individual;
… (Sec. 14)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Mauritania
- English…
Considering that the liberty, the equality, and the dignity of Man cannot be assured except in a society which consecrates the primacy of law, concerned by creating durable conditions for a harmonious social evolution, respectful of the precepts of Islam, sole source of law and open to the exigencies of the modern world, the Mauritanian people proclaim, in particular, the intangible guarantee of the following rights and principles:
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- the right of property;
… (Preamble) - Arabic...
نظرا إلي أن الحرّية و المساواة و كرامة الإنسان يستحيل ضمانها إلا في ظلّ مجتمع يكرّس سيادة القانون، و حرصا منه على خلق الظّروف الثّابتة لنموّ اجتماعي منسجم ، يحترم أحكام الدّين الإسلامي ، المصدر الوحيد للقانون ، و يلائم متطلّبات العالم الحديث ، يعلن الشّعب الموريتاني على وجه الخصوص الضّمان الأكيد للحقوق و المبادئ التالية:
...
- حقّ الملكية،
... (الدّيباجة) - French…
Considérant que la liberté, l'égalité et la dignité de l'Homme ne peuvent être assurées que dans une société qui consacre la primauté du droit, soucieux de créer les conditions durables d'une évolution sociale harmonieuse, respectueuse des préceptes de l'Islam, seule source de droit et ouverte aux exigences du monde moderne, le peuple mauritanien proclame, en particulier, la garantie intangible des droits et principes suivants :
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- le droit de propriété ;
… (Préambule)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Honduras
- EnglishIt is the duty of the state to adopt measures to protect the rights and interests of the indigenous communities in the country, especially of the lands and forests in which they are settled. (Art. 346)
- SpanishEs deber del Estado dictar medidas de protección de los derechos e intereses de las comunidades indígenas existentes en el país, especialmente de las tierras y bosques donde estuvieren asentadas. (Art. 346)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malta
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-articles (4), (5) and (7) of this article, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this article, the expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Sub-article (1) of this article shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision –
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(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, dissolution of marriage, burial, devolution of property on death or any matters of personal law not hereinbefore specified;
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Provided that paragraph (c) of this sub-article shall not apply to any law which makes any provision that is discriminatory, either of itself or in its effect by affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective description by sex.
… (Art. 45) - Maltese(1) Bla ħsara għad-disposizzjonijiet tas-subartikoli (4), (5) u (7) ta’ dan l-artikolu, ebda liġi ma għandha tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha.
...
(3) F’dan l-artikolu, il-kelma "diskriminatorju" tfisser għoti ta’ trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom rispettiva skont ir-razza, post ta’ oriġini, opinjonijiet politiċi, kulur, fidi, sess, orjentazzjoni sesswali jew identità tal-ġeneru li minħabba fihom persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni waħda bħal dawn ikunu suġġetti għal inkapaċitajiet jew restrizzjonijiet li persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn ma jkunux suġġetti għalihom jew ikunu mogħtija privileġġi jew vantaġġi li ma jkunux mogħtija lil persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn.
(4) Is-subartikolu (1) ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jgħodd għal xi liġi safejn dik il-liġi tipprovdi –
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(ċ) dwar adozzjoni, żwieġ, xoljiment ta’ żwieġ, dfin, devoluzzjoni ta’ proprjetà mal-mewt jew xi ħwejjeġ ta’ liġi personali mhux hawn qabel speċifikati;
...
Iżda l-paragrafu (ċ) ta’ dan is-subartikolu ma għandux japplika għal xi liġi li tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha, billi tagħti trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom skont is-sess.
… (Art. 45)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Niger
- EnglishThe Law determines the fundamental principles:
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- of the regime of property, of real rights and of civil and commercial obligations;
… (Art. 100) - FrenchLa loi détermine les principes fondamentaux :
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- du régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales ;
... (Art. 100)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Indonesia
- English…
(4) Every person shall have the right to own personal property, and such property may not be unjustly held possession of by any party. (Art. 28H) - Indonesian…
(4) Setiap orang berhak mempunyai hak milik pribadi dan hak milik tersebut tidak boleh diambil alih secara sewenang-wenang oleh siapa pun. (Pasal 28H)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Panama
- EnglishPrivate property acquired by juridical or natural persons is guaranteed in accordance with the law. (Art. 47)
- SpanishSe garantiza la propiedad privada adquirida con arreglo a la Ley por personas jurídicas o naturales. (Art. 47)