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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAll persons have the right to the recourse of habeas corpus to guarantee their personal freedom and integrity, and to the recourse of amparo to maintain or reestablish the enjoyment of the other rights consecrated in this Constitution, as well as those of a fundamental character established in the international instruments concerning human rights, applicable in the Republic. Both recourses will be of the competence of the Chamber indicated in Article 10. (Art. 48)
- SpanishToda persona tiene derecho al recurso de hábeas corpus para garantizar su libertad e integridad personales, y al recurso de amparo para mantener o restablecer el goce de los otros derechos consagrados en esta Constitución, así como de los de carácter fundamental establecidos en los instrumentos internacionales sobre derechos humanos, aplicables en la República. Ambos recursos serán de competencia de la Sala indicada en el artículo 10. (Art. 48)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall examine the constitutionality, in respect of both form and substance, of laws, presidential decrees and the Rules of Procedure of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and decide on individual applications. Constitutional amendments shall be examined and verified only with regard to their form. However, presidential decrees issued during a state of emergency or in time of war shall not be brought before the Constitutional Court alleging their unconstitutionality as to form or substance.
The verification of laws as to form shall be restricted to consideration of whether the requisite majority was obtained in the last ballot; the verification of constitutional amendments shall be restricted to consideration of whether the requisite majorities were obtained for the proposal and in the ballot, and whether the prohibition on debates under expedited procedure was observed. Verification as to form may be requested by the President of the Republic or by one-fifth of the members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Applications for annulment on the grounds of defect in form shall not be made after ten days have elapsed from the date of promulgation of the law; and it shall not be appealed by other courts to the Constitutional Court on the grounds of defect in form.
Everyone may apply to the Constitutional Court on the grounds that one of the fundamental rights and freedoms within the scope of the European Convention on Human Rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution has been violated by public authorities. In order to make an application, ordinary legal remedies must be exhausted.
In the individual application, judicial review shall not be made on matters required to be taken into account during the process of legal remedies.
Procedures and principles concerning the individual application shall be regulated by law.
The Constitutional Court in its capacity as the Supreme Court shall try, for offences relating to their functions, the President of the Republic, the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, members of the Council of Ministers; presidents and members of the Constitutional Court, High Court of Appeals, Council of State, High Military Court of Appeals, High Military Administrative Court, High Council of Judges and Prosecutors, Court of Accounts, and Chief Public Prosecutors and Deputy Public Prosecutors.
The Chief of General Staff, the commanders of the Land, Naval and Air Forces and the General Commander of the Gendarmerie shall be tried in the Supreme Court for offences regarding their duties.
The Chief Public Prosecutor of the High Court of Appeals or Deputy Chief Public Prosecutor of the High Court of Appeals shall act as prosecutor in the Supreme Court.
Application for judicial review may be made against the decisions of the Supreme Court. Decisions taken by the General Assembly regarding the application shall be final.
The Constitutional Court shall also perform the other duties given to it by the Constitution. (Art. 148) - TurkishAnayasa Mahkemesi, kanunların, kanun hükmünde kararnamelerin ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İçtüzüğünün Anayasaya şekil ve esas bakımlarından uygunluğunu denetler ve bireysel başvuruları karara bağlar. Anayasa değişikliklerini ise sadece şekil bakımından inceler ve denetler. Ancak, olağanüstü hallerde, sıkıyönetim ve savaş hallerinde çıkarılan kanun hükmünde kararnamelerin şekil ve esas bakımından Anayasaya aykırılığı iddiasıyla, Anayasa Mahkemesinde dava açılamaz.
Kanunların şekil bakımından denetlenmesi, son oylamanın, öngörülen çoğunlukla yapılıp yapılmadığı; Anayasa değişikliklerinde ise, teklif ve oylama çoğunluğuna ve ivedilikle görüşülemeyeceği şartına uyulup uyulmadığı hususları ile sınırlıdır. Şekil bakımından denetleme, Cumhurbaşkanınca veya Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi üyelerinin beşte biri tarafından istenebilir. Kanunun yayımlandığı tarihten itibaren on gün geçtikten sonra, şekil bozukluğuna dayalı iptal davası açılamaz; def’i yoluyla da ileri sürülemez.
Herkes, Anayasada güvence altına alınmış temel hak ve özgürlüklerinden, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi kapsamındaki herhangi birinin kamu gücü tarafından, ihlal edildiği iddiasıyla Anayasa Mahkemesine başvurabilir. Başvuruda bulunabilmek için olağan kanun yollarının tüketilmiş olması şarttır.
Bireysel başvuruda, kanun yolunda gözetilmesi gereken hususlarda inceleme yapılamaz.
Bireysel başvuruya ilişkin usul ve esaslar kanunla düzenlenir.
Anayasa Mahkemesi Cumhurbaşkanını, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanını, Bakanlar Kurulu üyelerini, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Yargıtay, Danıştay, Askerî Yargıtay, Askerî Yüksek İdare Mahkemesi Başkan ve üyelerini, Başsavcılarını, Cumhuriyet Başsavcıvekilini, Hâkimler ve Savcılar Yüksek Kurulu ve Sayıştay Başkan ve üyelerini görevleriyle ilgili suçlardan dolayı Yüce Divan sıfatıyla yargılar.
Genelkurmay Başkanı, Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanları ile Jandarma Genel Komutanı da görevleriyle ilgili suçlardan dolayı Yüce Divanda yargılanırlar. Yüce Divanda, savcılık görevini Cumhuriyet Başsavcısı veya Cumhuriyet Başsavcıvekili yapar.
Yüce Divan kararlarına karşı yeniden inceleme başvurusu yapılabilir. Genel Kurulun yeniden inceleme sonucunda verdiği kararlar kesindir.
Anayasa Mahkemesi, Anayasa ile verilen diğer görevleri de yerine getirir. (Madde 148)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The High Court has jurisdiction —
(a) in relation to Part II (Bill of Rights) of this Constitution - as provided by Division 5 (Enforcement of the Bill of Rights) of that Part; and
(b) in relation to questions as to membership of Parliament - as provided by section 102 (questions as to membership of Parliament); and
(c) in relation to other questions as to the interpretation or application of this Constitution - as provided by section 134 (constitutional interpretation);
(d) in relation to appeals generally - as provided by section 135 (appellate jurisdiction of the High Court); and
(e) in other matters - as provided for by sections 14(3) (which relates to the effect of Parliamentary declarations of purpose) and 136 (other jurisdiction, etc., of the High Court), and otherwise in this Constitution.
… (Sec. 133)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The House has the power to interpret the Constitution.
… (Art. 62) - Amharic1. ምክር ቤቱ ሕገ መንግሥቱን የመተርጐም ሥልጣን ይኖረዋል፡፡
… (አንቀጽ 62)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall issue a prior and binding ruling of constitutionality in the following cases, in addition to those stipulated by the law:
1. International treaties, prior to their ratification by the National Assembly.
2. Calls to referendums nationwide or of decentralized autonomous governments.
3. Objections of unconstitutionality presented by the President of the Republic in the processing of drafting laws. (Art. 438) - SpanishLa Corte Constitucional emitirá dictamen previo y vinculante de constitucionalidad en los siguientes casos, además de los que determine la ley:
1. Tratados internacionales, previamente a su ratificación por parte de la Asamblea Nacional.
2. Convocatorias a consultas populares de carácter nacional o a nivel de los gobiernos autónomos descentralizados.
3. Objeciones de inconstitucionalidad presentadas por la Presidenta o Presidente de la República en el proceso de formación de las leyes. (Art. 438)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court tries:
a) Appeals of unconstitutionality against laws, executive regulations and the Rules of Procedure of the General Council.
b) Requests of preliminary opinion of unconstitutionality about international laws and treaties.
c) Processes of constitutional appeal.
d) Conflicts of jurisdiction between constitutional organs. To this effect the Coprinces, the General Council, the Government, the High Court of Justice and the Local Councils are considered as constitutional organs. (Art. 98) - CatalanEl Tribunal Constitucional coneix:
a) Dels processos d'inconstitucionalitat contra les lleis, els decrets legislatius i el reglament del Consell General.
b) Dels requeriments de dictamen previ d'inconstitucionalitat sobre lleis i tractats internacionals.
c) Dels processos d'empara constitucional.
d) Dels conflictes de competències entre els òrgans constitucionals. A aquests efectes, es consideren òrgans constitucionals els coprínceps, el Consell General, el Govern, el Consell Superior de la Justícia i els Comuns. (Art. 98)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAll acts which constitute violations of constitutional principles and norms shall be subject to a review of their constitutionality, specifically:
a) Legislation;
b) International treaties, conventions and agreements;
c) Revisions of the Constitution;
d) Referenda. (Art. 227) - PortugueseSão passíveis de fiscalização da constitucionalidade todos os actos que consubstanciem violações de princípios e normas constitucionais, nomeadamente:
a) Os actos normativos;
b) Os tratados, convenções e acordos internacionais;
c) A revisão constitucional;
d) O referendo. (Art. 227)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe organic laws are obligatorily submitted by the President of the Republic to the Constitutional Court before their promulgation.
The ordinary laws, before their promulgation, may be referred to the Constitutional Court either by the President of the Republic or by the President of the National Assembly or by one-tenth of the Deputies. (Art. 95) - FrenchLes lois organiques sont obligatoirement soumises par le président de la République à la Cour constitutionnelle avant leur promulgation.
Les lois ordinaires, avant leur promulgation, peuvent être déférées à la Cour constitutionnelle soit par le président de la République, soit par le président de l'Assemblée nationale ou par un dixième des députés. (Art. 95)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Council is an organ charged to assure the constitutionality of the laws. It is the judge of the constitutionality of the law, of the regulations and of the administrative acts of the Executive Power. Its decisions are not susceptible to any recourse. (Art. 190bis)
- FrenchLe Conseil Constitutionnel est un organe chargé d'assurer la constitutionnalité des lois. Il est juge de la constitutionnalité de la loi, des règlements et des actes administratifs du Pouvoir Exécutif. Ses décisions ne sont susceptibles d'aucun recours. (Art. 190bis)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the judicial body responsible for the protection of constitutionality. (1993 Constitution, Art. 83)
- CzechÚstavní soud je soudním orgánem ochrany ústavnosti. (Ústava 1993, Čl. 83)